Feeds for Artisanal Shrimp Culture in India - Their Development and Evaluation

REPORTS - BOBP/REP/52

Feeds for Artisanal Shrimp Culture in India -
Their Development and Evaluation

by
John F. Wood
Feed Technologist, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK.
Janet H. Brown
Marine Biologist, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
Marlie H. MacLean
Aquaculturist, Institute of Aquaculture University of Stirling, Scotland, UK.
Isaac Rajendran
Fisheries Consultant, Bay of Bengal Programme, Madras, India.

Studies conducted in collaboration with Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Madras, and Directorate of Fisheries, Andhra Pradesh.

Executing Agency: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Funding Agency: UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

BAY OF BENGAL PROGRAMME; Madras, India 1992

Table of Contents

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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© FAO 2004

PREFACE

In 1989, the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) approached the UK Government-funded Post-Harvest Fisheries Project of the FAO’s Bay of Bengal Programme (BOBP), based in Madras, for assistance in the formulation, manufacture and feeding trial evaluation of feeds for the artisanal culture of shrimp in India.

This report presents the findings of a collaborative programme conducted during 1989-91. It has been prepared in the hope that it will further stimulate the development of local shrimp feed manufacture and the artisanal shrimp culture industry in India. The case study is not, therefore, a reference text on the subject of shrimp feed production and evaluation, but a distillation of field experiences and results upon which new research and farm studies can be based.

The report describes the Indian shrimp culture industry, the principles and practices used within the project for the formulation of shrimp feeds, the principles and practices of pond environment assessment, feed manufacture and feed evaluation by feeding trial, a financial appraisal of the feeding trials and recommendations for further studies.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REPORTS - BOBP/REP/52pdf

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Summary of findings

2. A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF SHRIMP CULTURE

2.1 Worldwide shrimp culture
2.2 Classification of various culture systems

3. THE SHRIMP CULTURE INDUSTRY IN INDIA

3.1 Shrimp production
3.2 Traditional shrimp culture practices
3.3 Recent developments in shrimp culture
3.4 Problems of environmental concern
3.5 Manufactured shrimp feed and its potential demand
3.6 Current proposals and developments
3.7 Shrimp feed ingredients

4. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF SHRIMP FEED FORMULATION, MANUFACTURE AND EVALUATION

4.1 Principles of shrimp feed formulation
4.2 Practical shrimp feed formulation
4.3 Principles of shrimp feed manufacture
4.4 Practical feed manufacture
4.5 Practical manufacturing technique used for the preparation of experimental doughball feed.

5. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF POND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

5.1 Principles of pond quality assessment
5.2 Frequency of assessment sampling
5.3 Procedures and techniques of sampling and analysis
5.4 Practical pond quality assessment
5.5 Methodology for bacteriological analysis

6. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

6.1 Guidelines for conducting feeding trials
6.2 Practical feeding trial methodology
6.3 Feeding formulations
6.4 Conduct of the feeding trial
6.5 Harvesting

7 . RESULTS OF TRIALS

7.1 Results of feeding trials
7.2 Changes in pond environment during the feeding trials
7.3 Potential implications of pond environmental assessment
7.4 Results of the bacteriological analyses of shrimp and pond sediment

8 . FINANCIAL APPRAISAL OF TREATMENTS AND FEEDING TRIAL

8.1 Traditional bheri culture
8.2 Profitability : pellets vs local moist feed
8.3 Feed factors affecting shrimp pond profitability
8.4 Future options

9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

9.1 Feeding trials
9.2 Environmental monitoring
9.3 Forum for sharing experience
9.4 Shrimp feed manufacturers
9.5 Aeration

APPENDICESpdf

I . Specific objectives for the collaborative research programme
II. Nutrient composition of feed raw materials
III. Derivation of dry feed costs
IV. Feeding schedule (large pond trial)
V. Calculation of labour costs for daily feeding
VI. Bibliography

PUBLICATIONS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL PROGRAMMEpdf