by
J. Brian Hardaker
FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1997
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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
M-60
ISBN 92-5-104104-0
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© FAO 1997
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The concept of SARD
Policy objectives
Policy framework
Why policy intervention is necessary
Strategic issues
Policy instruments
Policy programming
1.1 Historical background
1.2 The role of FAO in policy making
1.3 Scope of this report
1.4 Levels of policy intervention2.1 Definitions
2.2 Alternative views
2.3 The position of FAO
2.4 Issues of space and time2.4.1 Systems and sub-systems
2.4.2 The time dimension of SARD3. The challenge: Threats to SARD
3.1 Population growth
3.2 The growing demand for food and fibre
3.3 The challenges to reduce poverty
3.4 Resource depletion and degradation3.4.1 Land, water and the environment
3.4.2 Loss of animal and plant species3.5 Challenges to sustainable forestry
3.6 Challenges to sustainable fisheries
3.7 The challenge in developing human capital4. The appropriate policy framework for SARD
4.1 The need for a long-term global perspective
4.2 Harmonizing general and sectoral policies
4.3 Integrating action within the agricultural sector
4.4 Building an appropriate legal and institutional structure
4.5 Policy making that accounts for imperfect knowledge4.5.1 Risk, risk aversion and downside risk
4.5.2 Precautionary principles and adaptive planning5.1 General
5.2 Growth or no growth
5.3 Intervention, incentives and control options5.3.1 Types of market failure
5.3.2 Policy failure
5.3.3 Picking a strategy to deal with market failure6. Policy options and instruments
6.1 General economic and social policies
6.1.1 Fiscal and monetary policies
6.1.2 Trade and exchange rate polices
6.1.3 Labour and employment policies
6.1.4 Investment and foreign aid
6.1.5 Population policies
6.1.6 Incomes and equity policies6.2 Policies relating to agricultural and rural development
6.2.1 Rural infrastructure
6.2.2 Building human capital for the rural sector
6.2.3 Agricultural research and technology development
6.2.4 Agricultural prices
6.2.5 Stabilization and risk in agriculture
6.2.6 Direct government involvement
6.2.7 Sustainable rural livelihoods
6.2.8 Food and nutrition6.3 Policies relating to markets and property rights
6.3.1 Resource property rights
6.3.2 Institutional development6.4 Policies aimed at establishing democratic and participatory processes
6.4.1 Decentralization
6.4.2 People's participation and empowerment6.5 Policies focussed specifically on natural resource use and environmental protection
6.5.1 Direct government action
6.5.2 Control instruments
6.5.3 Economic incentives7. Integrated approaches to SARD
7.1 Improving the efficiency and sustainability of rural resource use
7.2 Improving the efficiency and sustainability of farm production
7.3 Forestry
7.4 Fisheries
7.5 Rural development8.3 Setting the scope
8.4 Impact assessment
8.5 Appraisal8.5.1 Extended cost-benefit analysis
8.5.2 Cost-effectiveness analysis
8.5.3 Multi-criteria analysis8.6 Decision making
8.7 Implementation
8.8 Monitoring and evaluation9. Implementing the guidelines
9.1 Improving information
9.2 Education and training needs
9.3 International cooperation
9.4 Future directions for research on SARD