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Agricultural
and Rural Extension Worldwide
Options for Institutional Reform in the Developing Countries
Prepared by
William M. Rivera
University of Maryland, College Park
in collaboration with
M. Kalim Qamar and L. Van Crowder
Extension, Education and Communication Service,
Research, Extension and Training Division
FAO Sustainable Development Department
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, November 2001
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Table of Contents
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© FAO 2001
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Acronyms
Preface
Purpose and rationale
1. Agricultural and rural extension:
definitions
1.1 Extension: a
function
1.2 Agricultural extension: a
knowledge system
1.3 Agricultural and rural extension:
an expanded concept
1.4 Alternative extension
approaches
1.5 Government’s role in
agricultural and rural extension reform
2. Global developments shaping
extension
2.1 The new paradigm
2.2 Responding to the new
paradigm
3. FAO’s current programmes for
agricultural and rural extension
3.1 Multiple extension approaches and
purposes
4. Institutional reform: a new
vision for agricultural and rural extension development
4.1 The contemporary institutional
reform of extension
4.2 Market reforms
4.3 Non-market reforms
4.4 A dynamic view of extension
institutional reforms
4.5 Vision and guiding principles for
extension development
5. Reform
initiatives
5.1 From pluralism to
partnership
5.2 Partnerships with farmers and the
private sector
5.3 Cost recovery
schemes
5.4 Decentralization to lower tiers of
government
5.5 Subsidiarity (decentralization) to
the grassroots level
Concluding
remarks
References