COUNTRY FILES (Contd.)

TANZANIA (Contd.)

LAKE TANGANYIKA
(International water)

Geographical data (Welcomme, 1972)
Location:	Burundi, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia
	3° 23'–8° 50'S; 30°E (see Fig. 5)
Altitude:	773 m
Surface area:	Burundi	2 600	km²	( 8%)
	Tanzania	13 500	km²	(41%)
	Zaire	14 800	km²	(45%)
	Zambia	2 000	km²	( 6%)
	Total	32 900	km²
Depth:	1 435 m (max); 700 m (mean)
Volume:	18 940 km³
Max. length:	673 km
Max. width:	48 km
Shoreline:	1 500 km (540 km in Tanzania)
Catchment area:	249 000 km²
Major inflowing rivers:	Malagarasi, Ruzizi
Outflowing river:	Lukuga

Physical and chemical data (Talling & Talling, 1965)
Conductivity:	K₂₀ 520–610 μ S/cm
pH:	7.3–7.8
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	57.0
	K	35.0
	Ca	9.8
	Mg	43.3
	Cl	26.5
	SO₄	5.0
	SiO₂	0.38
	HCO₃+CO₃	6.71	meq/l

Fisheries data
No. of fish species: 214, of which 134 belong to the family Cichlidae (Greenwood, 1964)
Total annual catch and effort:

In Lake (FAO, 1988)

Burundi	16 000 t
Tanzania	25 000 t
Zaire	30 000 t
Zambia	14 000 t
Total	85 000 t

In Tanzania

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1950	3 670	-	-
1951–63	-	-	-
1964	16 163	-	-
1965	15 825	-	-
1966	15 000	-	-
1967	22 497	5 360	3 259
1968	-	8 633	3 505
1969	14 184	6 933	3 712
1970	46 452	6 102	3 405
1971	50 568	7 877	3 958
1972	49 017	11 781	4 950
1973	55 922	13 448	7 017
1974	76 619	13 150	6 840
1975	64 345	14 447	-
1976	73 556	14 238	8 408
1977	61 888	15 426	7 654
1978	36 456	8 978	-
1979	44 174	13 342	10 432
1983–86	100 000–115 000 *
1983–86	25 000 **

* (Official estimate, Fisheries Dept., 1988)
** (FAO, 1988a)

Note: Catch statistics for the extensive Lake Tanganyika fishery (Tanzania sector) must be treated with caution. A complicating factor is brought on by the dynamics of the principal fish stocks. A cyclical interaction between the small pelagic Stolothrissa and Limnothrissa species (“dagaa”) and the predator Lates species results in dramatic fluctuations in exploitable stocks over intervals of time. Production levels fluctuate accordingly (Reynolds, 1989).

Potential annual yield:

Burundi	21 000 t
Tanzania	122 000 t
Zaire	138 000 t
Zambia	19 000 t
Total	300 000 t (90 kg/ha/yr - Welcomme, 1972)

Tanzania	100 000 t (FAO, 1984)
	200 000–300 000 t (MNRT, 1983)

LAKE TLAWI

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 3° 54'S; 35° 27'E
Surface area:	3.2 km²
Max. length:	3 km
Max. width:	1.5 km

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No. of fishermen	No. of boats
1972	8.0	2.0	2.0
1973	4.3	7.0	2.0
1974	16.0	7.0	6.0
1975	9.4	6.0	6.0
1976–77	-	-	-
1978	1.4	4.0	5.0
1979	0.7	35.0	17.0

Fig. 5. LAKE TANGANYIKA
(Welcomme, 1972)

Fig. 6. LAKE VICTORIA
(Welcomme, 1972)

LAKE VICTORIA
(International water)

Geographical data (Welcomme, 1972)
Location:	Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda (see Fig. 6)
	0° 20'N-3° 0'S; 31°39'-34°53'E
Altitude:	1 136 m
Surface area:	Kenya	4 100 km² (6%)
	Tanzania	33 700 km² (49%)
	Uganda	31 000 km² (45%)
	Total	68 800 km²
Depth:	84 m (max); 40 m (mean)
Max. length:	400 km
Max. width:	240 km
Shoreline:	3 440 km
Catchment area:	263 000 km²
Major inflowing rivers:	Kagera, Nzoia, Yala
Outflowing river:	Victoria Nile

Physical and chemical data
Conductivity:	K₂₀ 91 μ S/cm (EAFRO, 1952b)
	98 μ S/cm (EAFRO, 1954)
pH:
Kavirondo Gulf:	8.2 (Talling & Talling, 1965)
	9.0 (Graham, 1929)
Open lake:	(Talling & Talling, 1965)
	8.5 (Graham, 1929)
Dissolved solids:	97 mg/l

Ionic composition:		(EAFRO, 1952a)	(Talling & Talling, 1965)
		mg/l	mg/l
	Na	12.5–13.5	10.4
	K	3.7–4.2	3.8
	Ca	5.0–7.0	5.6
	Mg	2.3–3.5	2.6
	Cl		3.9
	SO₄	0.8
	SiO₂	3–9	4.2
	HCO₃ + CO₃	1.0–1.1 meq/l	0.9	meq/l
	NO₂-N		11	μ g/l
	PO₄-P		13	μ g/l
	Total P		47	μ g/l

Fisheries data No. of fish species: 177, of which 127 are cichlids (Greenwood, 1964) (mostly Haplochromis spp.)

	Introduced:
	-in the 1950's: Oreochromis niloticus, O. leucostictus, Tilapia zillii, rendalli
	-in late 1950's, beginning 1960's: Lates niloticus
	In the 1960's and 1970's, Haplochromis species constituted an estimated 80% of the lake's fish biomass (FAO, 1973).
	In the late 1970's and in the 1980's, the Nile Perch L. niloticus population increased extremely, to the detriment mainly of the Haplochromis population. (see Tables 4, 5, underlined). It is anticipated that the Nile Perch population will begin to decrease as the Haplochromis stocks become seriously depleted (TDRI, 1983).

Total annual catch and effort:
In Lake: see Table 4
In Tanzania:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
Miscellaneous sources:
1958	26 235	-	-
1959	31 302	9 643	1 693
1960	28 816	-	-
1961	15 937	-	-
1962	18 814	-	-
1963	42 542	-	-
1964	41 839	-	-
1965	43 779	6 077	1 289
1966	34 029	-	-
1967	43 752	-	-
1968	59 353	11 517	2 538
1969	53 927	9 738	2 495
1970	48 292	12 091	3 785
1971	42 552	14 131	3 302
1972	40 926	14 690	3 494
1973	49 615	15 917	3 976
1974	41 526	13 381	3 332
1975	46 602	15 037	-
1976	48 250	15 769	3 794
1977	65 415	14 327	3 398
1978	46 553	17 654	3 448
1979	55 127	20 937	4 457

Definite sources:
1975, 1979, 1985: see Table 5
1986/87: circa 150 000*

* (after several authors, cited in Reynolds, 1989)

Potential annual yield: 100 000 t in Tanzania (CIFA, 1981)
63 000 t in Tanzania (FAO, 1984)

Table 4. TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION - LAKE VICTORIA, 1975, 1979, 1985
(after Reynolds & Greboval, 1988)

Species	1975	(%)	1979	(%)	1985*	(%)
	(t)		(t)		(t)
O. esculentus	3 690	4.8	94	2.2
O. niloticus	6 092	7.9	3 320	3.2	20 093	10.7
Other tilapia	3 509	4.6	6 355	6.0
Bagrus	10 146	13.2	13 482	12.8	9 276	4.9
Lates	301	0.4	4 476	4.3	87 637	46.7
Protopterus	7 844	10.2	6 445	6.1	4 200	2.2
Haplochromis	22 458	29.2	29 909	28.4	11 578	6.2
Clarias	6 382	8.3	7 917	7.5	6 107	3.3
Barbus	775	1.0	1 141	1.1	515	0.3
Synodontis	2 491	3.2	7 356	7.0	9 278	4.9
Mormyrus	178	0.2	897	0.9	402	0.2
Labeo	1 719	2.2	7 332	7.0	544	0.3
Schilbe	1 069	1.4	1 958	1.9	1 582	0.8
Rastrineobola**	4 558	5.9	10 989	10.4	25 866	13.8
Other small mixed	4 707	7.4	1 419	1.3	10 417	5.6
TOTAL	76 919		105 267		187 495

Sources: CIFA, 1981; DFK Statistical Bulletins; Bwathondi, 1988.
* Figures for 1985 combine Kenya and Tanzania only
** Tanzania combines “Rastrineobola” and “Other Small Mixed.”

Table 5. TANZANIA FISH PRODUCTION - LAKE VICTORIA, 1975, 1979, 1985
(after Reynolds & Greboval, 1988)

Species	1975	1979	1985
	(t)	(t)	(t)
O. esculentus	3 592	1 997	10 651
O. niloticus	0	1 608
Other tilapia	2 057	3 952
Bagrus	5 827	5 183	9 215
Lates	0	0	37 608
Protopterus	6 180	4 603	4 050
Haplochromis	16 148	21 760	11 572
Clarias	2 508	2 558	5 560
Barbus	232	364	402
Synodontis	2 295	4 334	9 278
Mormyrus	80	408	353
Labeo	1 601	6 849	544
Schilbe	1 015	1 638	1 577
Rastrineobola/Other small mixed	5 058	2 661	8 096
Total	46 593	57 915	98 906

Sources: CIFA, 1981; DFK Statistical Bulletins; Bwathondi, 1988.

LAKE WELU

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	3.2 km²

BUBU RIVER

Geographical data
Source:	Mt. Hanang, Tanzania
Altitude:	3 417 m
Total length:	225 km
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Umo
Discharges to:	Bahi Swamp

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1969	19	30	15
1970	49	232	6
1971	11	220	4
1972	35	97	25
1973	19	93	25
1974	22	42	23
1975	-	-	-
1976	40	158	13
1977	70	12	11
1978	126	115	5
1979	71	86	-

GREAT RUAHA RIVER

Geographical data
Source:	Poroto Mountains and Kipengere Range
Altitude:	2 961 m
Total length:	circa 750 km
Drainage area:	84 000 km²
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Njombe, Little Ruaha
Discharges to:	Rufiji River
Volume of discharge at mouth: 103 m³/sec (mean)
Flood regime:	peak floods in March (high water from January to May)
Special features:	Usanga floodplain (3 300 km²); Kidatu and Mtera reservoirs; Ngwazi Reservoir on Little Ruaha.

Physical and chemical data (Petr, 1974)
	Upper	Middle	Lower
	mg/l	mg/l	mg/l
Conductivity K₂₀ μS/cm	32.0	130.0	177.0–186.0
Surface temp. °C	17.8–21.8	26.6	24.2–27.7
pH:	6.3	7.3–7.8	6.8–7.4
Hardness CaCo₃	0	25.0	0
Fe+	-	0.2	0–0.2
Mn	-	0	0–0.2
SiO₂	14.0	20.0	20.0–26.0
Na	-	11.4	12.0
SO₄	2.0	2.0–27.0	31.0–34.0

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort: (Mtere area)

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boat
1971	41	-	-
1972	38	30	38
1973	93	48	41
1974	115	56	54
1975	-	-	-
1976	26	19	19
1977	17	11	11
1978	40	26	26
1987	392*

* including Ruaha-Usanga Basin (Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

KAGERA RIVER
(International water)

Geographical data
Source:	Burundi, Rwanda
Total length:	785 km
Countries traversed:	Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Major tributaries:	Akanyaru, Nyabarongo, Ruvubu
Discharges to:	Lake Victoria
Special features:

(1)	Upper Kagera Lakes Complex: a group of lakes distributed as follows:
	in Burundi:	Ingitamo, Kacamurinda, Kanzigiri, Lirwihinda, Rungazi;
	in Rwanda:	Birira, Gaharwa, Gashanga, Kidogo, Kirimbi, Mirayi, Mugesera, Muhazi, Murago, Sake;
	international waters (Burundi/Rwanda): Cyohoha South, Rugwero.
(2)	Rusumo Falls:	in Rwanda.
(3)	Lower Kagera Lakes Complex and Floodplain/Swamp: a group of lakes and adjacent floodplain/swamp. Lakes distributed as follows:
	in Rwanda:	Chuju, Hago, Ihema, Iwapibali, Kishwanja, Kivumba, Mihindi, Muhari, Nasho, Ngerenke, Rukira, Rwakibare, Rwampanga, Rwanyakizinga, Rwehihama, Sekena;
	in Tanzania:	Bisongo, Kajumbura, Lwelo, Mujunju, Rushwa.
	Floodplain/Swamp area in Rwanda: circa 1 000 km².

Note: also called “Akagera”.

Physical and chemical data (Kiss, 1977a)
Conductivity:	K₂₅ 111 μ S/cm
pH:	7.01
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	4.1
	K	1.0
	Ca	4.6
	Mg	4.9
	Cl	7.4
	HCO₃+CO₃	42.7
	Fe++	0.3

KILOMBERO RIVER/FLOODPLAIN

Geographical data
Source:	near Njombe (Ruhudji tributary)
Altitude:	1 951 m
Total length:	circa 445 km
Drainage area:	40 000 km²
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Ruhudji, Mnyera, Mpanga, Pitu
Discharges to:	Rufiji at confluence with Lugenda
Volume of discharge at mouth: 482.8 m³/sec (mean)
Special features:	Kilombero floodplain (4 000 km²), the largest in Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort: (Kilombero River & Floodplain)

Year	Total catch (t)	No. of fishermen	No. of boats
1971	1 000	-	-
1972–75	-	-	-
1976	8 549	337	332
1977	7 048	350	290
1978	2 042	332	250
1979	2 412	196	114
1980	14 700	11 260	2 100
1987	829*

* (Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

MALAGARASI RIVER/SWAMP
(International water)

Geographical data
Source:	along Tanzania/Burundi frontier
Altitude:	1 859 m
Total length:	470 km (110 km along Tanzania/Burundi frontier); Ugalla tributary is 495 km
Drainage area:	131 572 km²(126 133 km² in Tanzania; 5 439 km² in Burundi)
Countries traversed:	Tanzania, Burundi
Major tributaries:	Ugalla, Luanga
Discharges to:	Lake Tanganyika - 5° 13'S; 29° 49'E
Special features:	Malagarasi Swamp (1 800 km² - second largest swamp in Tanzania); Ugalla Swamp, Lake Sagara

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort: (in Tanzania)

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
Malagarasi River and Swamp
1966	1 500	-	-
1967	-	736	-
1968	472	478	-
1987 (avg)	238*
Ugalla River and Swamp
1967	-	135	-
1968–70	-	-	-
1971	1 037	867	356
1987 (avg)	200*

* Regional Fisheries Office, 1988

PAGANI RIVER

Geographical data
Source:	Kilimanjaro and Meru Mountains
Altitude:	5 895 m (Kilimanjaro)
Total length:	395 km
Drainage area:	29 526 km²
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Ruvu, Kilkuletwa
Discharges to:	Indian Ocean - 5° 25'S; 39° 0'E
Volume of discharge at mouth: 0.846 km³/annum
Flood regime:	peak discharges in November and April
Special features:	Nyumba ya Munga Reservoir, Lake Jipe on Ruvu tributary; Lakes Kalimawe and Mamba on smaller tributaries.

RUFIJI RIVER/FLOODPLAIN

Geographical data
Source:	confluence of Kilombero and Luwegu tributaries
Total length:	300 km (Kilombero/Luwegu confluence to Indian Ocean)
Drainage area:	177 000 km²
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Kilombero, Great Ruaha, Luwegu
Discharges to:	Indian Ocean - 7° 45'S; 39° 22'E
Volume of discharge at mouth: 1 133 m³/sec (mean); 26.225 km³/yr
Special features:	Floodplain (1 450 km²) along lower reach

Fisheries data
No. of fishermen:	circa 3 200 (date unknown)
Total annual catch:	2 700 t (1971) (Bernacsek, 1980); no recent sources located

RUVU RIVER

Geographical data
Source:	Uluguru Mountains
Altitude:	2 646 m
Total length:	270 km
Drainage area:	18 389 km²
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Ngerengere, Mgeta
Discharges to:	Indian Ocean - 6° 23'S; 38° 52'E
Volume of discharge at mouth: 1.988 km³/annum

RUVUBU RIVER
(International water)

Geographical data
Source:	Burundi
Length:	130 km in Burundi
Countries traversed:	Burundi, Tanzania
Discharges to:	Kagera River

RUVUMA RIVER/FLOODPLAIN
(International water)

Geographical data
Source:	near Songea, Tanzania
Altitude:	1 558 m
Total length:	640 km
Drainage area:	165 760 km²(113 701 km² in Mozambique; 52 059 km² in Tanzania)
Countries traversed:	Mozambique, Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Lugenda in Mozambique (555 km-long channel)
Discharges to:	Indian Ocean - 10° 28'S; 40° 25'E
Special features:	Lakes Chiuta and Amaramba on Lugenda tributary; floodplain and several associated lakes on lower course (i.e., Lake Chidya in Tanzania and Lake Nangade in Mozambique)

Fisheries data
Total annual yield:	2 000 t possible (Bernacsek, 1980); no recent sources located

SONGWE RIVER
(International water)

Geographical data
Source:	near Vwawa, Tanzania
Altitude:	1 877 m
Total length:	165 km (25 km in Tanzania only; 140 km along Tanzania/Malawi frontier)
Countries traversed:	Tanzania, Malawi
Discharges to:	Lake Malawi/Nyasa - 9° 43'S; 33° 57'E

WAMI RIVER

Geographical data
Source:	near Chandama, Tanzania
Altitude:	1 859 m
Total length:	490 km
Drainage area:	46 361 km²
Countries traversed:	Tanzania
Major tributaries:	Mkata, Gombo Mkondoa
Discharges to:	Indian Ocean - 6° 10'S; 38° 51'E
Volume of discharge at mouth: 1 993 km³/annum
Special features:	Hombolo Reservoir, Kilosa Swamps, Lake Gombo

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort: (excluding reservoir, swamp and lakes)

Year	Total catch (t)	No. of fishermen	No. of boats
1972	24	25	13
1973	85	17	17
1974	100	17	17
1975	-	-	-
1976	176	41	16
1977	29	38	15
1978	28	30	12
1979	57	20	18

BAHI SWAMP

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 6° 5'S; 35° 10'E
Surface area:	855 km² (but extremely variable due to high annual variation in affluent flow)
Major inflowing rivers:	Bubu, Maduma, Mponde
Outflowing river:	none - internal basin

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No. of fishermen	No. of boats
1967	dry	-	-
1968	-	-	-
1969	1 140	151	13
1970	223	404	151
1971	257	293	122
1972	370	238	151
1973	1 586	726	282
1974	146	100	60
1975	-	-	-
1976	551	112	56
1977	510	146	-
1978	1 497	200	-
1979	266	200	28
1986	654*

* including Hombolo and Kisaki Reservoirs (Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

KILOSA SWAMP

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 6° 50'S; 37° 15'E
Major inflowing rivers:	Gombo Mkondoa, Mkata
Outflowing river:	Wami

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1972	149	22	10
1973	202	105	60
1974	90	56	60

BUIGIRI RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 6° 8'S; 36° 1'E

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1973	5.3	4	2
1974	-	6	-
1975–76	-	-	-
1977	7.5	2	1

CHAMWALE RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	0.20 km²

Fisheries data
Total annual catch:	3 t in 1963

CHIBUMAGWE RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1967	36	14	5
1968–76	-	-	-
1977	7	22	4
1978	34	20	6

DABALO RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1967	2.1	2	2
1968–71	-	-	-
1972	8.0	10	6
1973	3.2	16	6
1974	9.1	9	3
1975	-	-	-
1976	1.5	7	2
1977	2.2	5	1
1978	5.4	3	2
1979	7.0	3	2

ELUANATA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	5.87 km²
Depth:	2.1 m (max); 0.5 m (mean)
Volume:	2.94 × 10⁶ m³

ELYSIA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Physical and chemical data
Conductivity:	110 μ S/cm
pH:	6.95
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	14.1
	K	1.1
	Ca + Mg	25.7
	Cl	139.0
	SO₄	4.1
	HCO₃	59.8
	P	0.02
	NO₃	18.6

GEITA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 2° 53'S; 32° 11'E
Surface area:	0.02 km²

HOMBOLO RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 5° 57'S; 35° 57'E
Altitude:	100 m at USL
Date closed:	1957
Surface area:	15.4 km² at USL
Depth:	12 m (max) at USL
Major inflowing river:	Chadulu
Outflowing river:	Chadulu

Physical and chemical data
Temperature:	22.3–25.8° C
Conductivity:	1 650–2 400 μ S/cm at 20° C
pH:	7.2–8.1
Total dissolved solids:	1.2 g/l
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	445.0
	K	20.0
	SO₄	160.0–250.0
	HCO₃	198.0
	P	0.01–0.08

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	160	80	-
1964–66	-	-	-
1967	71	25	30
1968	203	-	-
1969	659	48	35
1970	415	67	46
1971	305	50	46
1972	170	48	48
1973	180	44	40
1974	239	41	32
1975	-	-	-
1976	131	39	27
1977	177	37	31
1978	113	36	24
1979	114	36	18
1986	654*

* including Bahi Swamp and Kisaki Reservoir (Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

IGOMBE RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	12.95 km²
Volume:	39.7 × 10⁶ m³

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	-	40	-
1964–70	-	-	-
1971	-	76	35

IGUNDU RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1977	3.3	22	10
1978	4.5	22	20

IKOWA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1969	4.6	3	3
1970	-	8	3
1971	-	9	2
1972–75	-	-	-
1976	4.6	2	2
1977	16	4	2
1978	12	5	2
1979	6.8	4	2

KALIMAWE RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	8.1 km²
Depth:	1.85 m (mean)
Volume:	15 × 10⁶ m³

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	-	120	30
1964–66	-	-	-
1967	-	250	150

KERENGE RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	0.83 km²

Physical and chemical data
Conductivity:	319 μ S/cm
pH:	8.10
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	20.0
	K	4.2
	Ca	42.7
	Mg	50.6
	Cl	31.9–36.0
	SO₄	7.6
	HCO₃	73.4–123.0
	P	0.62
	NO₃	55.8

Fisheries data
Total annual catch: (No. of fishermen and boats not available)

Year	Total catch (t)
1954	6.5	(6 months)
1955	6.4	(10 months)
1956	12.1
1957	10.3
1958	4.9
1959	-
1960	9.9
1961	16.1
1962	7.3
1963	10.9

KIDATU RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 7° 39'S; 36° 55'E
Altitude:	450 m at USL
Dam height:	40 m
Date closed:	November 1975
Surface area:	9.6 km² at USL
Depth:	30 m (max); 17.2 m (mean) at USL
Volume:	0.165 km³ at USL
Max. length:	22.4 km
Max. width:	0.6 km
Annual fluctuation in level: 17 m (theoretical)
Major inflowing river:	Great Ruaha
Outflowing river:	Great Ruaha

KISAKI RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 7° 28'S; 37° 37'E

Physical and chemical data
pH:	7.50
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Ca	22.0
	Mg	6.0
	Cl	20.0
	SO₄	nil
	HCO₃	195.0

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1967	30	24	9
1968	-	-	-
1969	20	22	11
1970	45	42	15
1971	20	39	11
1972	15	29	11
1973	19	22	13
1974	19	19	14
1975	-	-	-
1976	11	23	11
1977	13	27	15
1978	19	26	13
1979	29	30	10
1986	654*

* including Bahi Swamp and Hombolo Reservoir (Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

MAGINDU RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	0.01 km²

Fisheries data
Total annual catch:	0.2 t in 1963

MALYA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 2° 59'S; 33° 33'E
Date closed:	1947
Surface area:	0.70 km²
Depth:	9.4 m (max)

Physical and chemical data
Temperature:	20.6–22.9°C
pH:	7.6–7.7
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	NO₃	0.14–0.15
	P	trace

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	19.5	8	-
1964–76	-	-	-
1977	2.5	3	3
1978	13.0	4	3

MANDA RESERVOIR

Location:

Tanzania

MGORI RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 4° 47'S; 35° 56'E
Surface area:	0.81 km²

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	-	7	-
1964–66	-	-	-
1967	30	5	5
1968	61	22	11
1969	152	14	7
1970	69	9	5
1971	25	9	4
1972	36	9	4
1973	19	13	5
1974	36	25	6
1975	-	-	-
1976	21	27	6
1977	8.3	14	4
1978	14.6	32	3

MIANJI RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	4.9 km²

Physical and chemical data
Conductivity:	690 – 1 227 μ S/cm
pH:	7.76–8.8
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	100.0–130.0
	K	6.2
	Ca	46.0
	Mg	15.0
	Cl	184.0–778.0
	SO₄	nil-trace
	HCO₃	92.1–280.0
	P	nil-0.02
	NO₃	18.6

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	55	-	-
1964–66	-	-	-
1967	41	5	7
1968	47	24	12
1969	97	18	9
1970	27	9	6
1971	44	6	5
1972	27	6	5
1973	68	20	8
1974	20	20	2
1975	-	-	-
1976	5.9	39	6
1977	0.6	11	4
1978	12.6	82	6

MINDUTULIENI RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Physical and chemical data
Conductivity:	858 μ S/cm
pH:	7.3
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	95.4
	K	6.7
	Ca + Mg	114.3
	Cl	417.0
	SO₄	5.6
	HCO₃	82.4
	P	0.02
	NO₃	12.4

MLOWA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 7° 41'S; 35° 24'E

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1976	13	4	2
1977	50	5	2
1978	2.7	4	1
1979	6.1	4	1

MTERA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania - 7° 7'S; 35° 50'E
Altitude:	698.5 m asl at USL
Dam height:	45 m
Date closed:	24 December 1980
Surface area:	610 km² at USL (190 km² at low water level)
Depth:	6.23 m at USL
Volume:	3.8 m³ at USL
Max. length:	56 km
Max. width:	15 km
Annual fluctuation in level: 8.5 m (theoretical)
Major inflowing rivers:	Great Ruaha, Kisigo
Outflowing river:	Great Ruaha

Fisheries data
Total annual catch:	21 000 t in 1984;
	3 254 t in 1986 (Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

MUCHLUR RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	2.9 km²

MWETEMO RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Physical and chemical data
Conductivity:	272 μ S/cm
pH:	7.86
Ionic composition:		mg/l
	Na	5.0
	K	22.5
	Ca+Mg	75.6
	Cl	208.9
	HCO₃	104.9
	P	0.02
	NO₃	24.8
	SO₄	nil

MYOMBO RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	0.02 km²

Fisheries data
Total annual catch:	0.9 t (1963)

NGWAZI RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	5.1 km²

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1966	4	-	-
1967–71	-	-	-
1972	13	25	9
1973	16	16	6
1974–75	-	-	-
1976	33	11	11
1977	24	19	9
1978	40	6	6

NHUMBU RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	2.43 km²

Fisheries data
Total annual catch:	9 t (1957)

NONDWA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1963	15	-	-
1964–66	-	-	-
1967	100	15	10
1968	-	-	-
1969	17	17	13
1970	481	51	34
1971	168	25	15
1972	65	18	17
1973	114	25	16
1974	127	18	18
1975	-	-	-
1976	94	14	14
1977	95	19	12
1978	59	12	10
1979	25	20	7

NYUMBA YA MUNGU RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania, Kilimanjaro region - 3° 40'S; 37° 25'E
Altitude:	663 m
Date closed:	December 1965
Surface area:	180 km² (max); 142 km² (mean); 110 km² (min)
Depth:	41 m (max); 6 m (mean)
Volume:	1.12 km³
Max. length:	32 km
Max. width:	15 km
Shoreline:	96 km at USL
Annual fluctuation in level: circa 3 m
Major inflowing rivers:	Ruvu, Kikuletwa
Outflowing river:	Pangani
Catchment area:	9 143 km²

Physical and chemical data (Denny et al., 1978; Petr, 1975)

	Dam site	Ruvu inflow	Kikuletwa inflow
Surface temp. °C	20–28.4	21–28.4	24
Conductivity:	710–900	480–550	460–560
K₂₅ μ S/cm	(854 mean)
pH:	8.6–9.1	6.8–7.7	8.1–8.2
Total alkalinity mg/l - CaCO₃:	310–345	170–220	460–560
Total dissolved solids: mg/l	508	285–305	n.d.

Ionic composition: (mg/l)

	Dam site	Ruvu inflow	Kikuletwa inflow
Na	119	75	150
K	14.5	4.5	20.0
Ca	18	24–26	36–42
Mg	22.8–24.0	12.0–15.6	37.2
Cl	32.5	15–20	35–45
SO₄	22.5–40.0	12.5–25.0	37.0–60.0
SiO₄	4.5–10.0	5.5–8.5	3.5–10.0
HCO₃+CO₃	402	220.2	-
Fe	<0.05	0.01–0.04	0.01–0.05
NO₂-N	<0.005	<0.005	<0.005
NO₃-N	0.01–0.04	0.08–0.5	0.03–0.04
PO₄-P	0.1–0.5	0.28–0.35	0.35–0.70

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1967	-	600	-
1968	-	-	-
1969	2 721	-	-
1970	28 509	3 161	1 554
1971	16 688	3 386	1 207
1972	7 287	1 313	906
1973*	2 783	2 419	562
1974*	2 282	1 388	716
1975	4 576	1 471	-
1976	5 421	1 250	593
1977	5 006	1 172	572
1978**	0	-	-
1979	1 500	1 701	626
1980	4 088	1 479	416
1981	3 720	1 253	296
1982	1 867	1 634	376
1983	2 430	1 342	401
1986	4 500	(Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)
1987	4 300	(Regional Fisheries Office, 1988)

* By 1973/74 the catches had declined drastically to an estimated level of 3 000 t, due to extraordinarily heavy fishing pressure and declining water levels (Bailey et al., 1978)
** No fishing, due to cholera outbreak

Potential annual yield: 4 500 t (FAO, 1984)

RWAMKONA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania
Surface area:	0.15 km²

SHISHIYU RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1977	1.1	4	2
1978	1.2	3	4

UCHAMA RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

USIULIZE RESERVOIR

Geographical data
Location:	Tanzania

Fisheries data
Total annual catch and effort:

Year	Total catch (t)	No.of fishermen	No.of boats
1977	65	90	4
1978	14	154	45

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bailey, 1966
Bailey et al., 1978
Balarin, 1985b
Bernacsek, 1980
Blin, 1977
Bwathondi, 1988
Campbell & Moreni, 1988
CIFA, 1981
Denny et al., 1978
Dibbs, 1964
EAFRO, 1952a,b; 1954; 1955
FAO, 1973; 1980b; 1983b; 1984; 1988
FAO/UNDP, 1966
Graham, 1929
Greenwood, 1964
Guest & Stevens, 1951
Jackson et al., 1963
Kilham, 1971
Kiss, 1976a,b, 1977a
Mann, 1965
Melack & Kilham, 1974
MNRT, 1983
Petr, 1974; 1975
Poll, 1957
Reynolds, 1989
Reynolds & Greboval, 1988
Ricardo, 1939
Robinson, 1982
SMD, 1976
Talling & Talling, 1965
TDRI, 1983
UNDP, 1981
Welcomme, 1972; 1979a