Non-Wood Forest Products 15
by
William M. Ciesla
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2002
Non-Wood Forest Products 15
by
William M. Ciesla
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2002
ADDITIONAL DISCLAIMER
This paper discusses some traditional and contemporary uses of non-wood products from trees and shrubs in medicine. This material is presented for information only and does not imply endorsement by the author or by FAO. Use of these products is not recommended unless taken under the care and guidance of a qualified physician.
Transport of some non-wood forest products (e.g. foliage, seeds, landscape or ornamental plants) across international boundaries poses a risk of accidental introduction of insects, fungi or other potentially destructive agents. It is recommended that anyone planning to move plant materials across international boundaries check with appropriate authorities in the country from where the products are to be exported and the countries into which the products are to be imported for import perrmit requirements, phytosanitary certificates or restrictions that might apply.
Movement of certain non-wood forest products across international boundaries may be subject to trade restrictions (both tariff and non-tariff). Appropriate authorities should be contacted prior to planned movement of any non-wood forest products across international boundaries. A review of trade restrictions affecting international trade in non-wood forest products may be found in:
FAO 1995. Trade restrictions affecting international trade in non-wood forest products, by M. Iqbal. Non-wood Forest Products, No. 8. Rome.
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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
ISBN 92-5-104855-X
All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected]
© FAO 2002
AN OVERVIEW OF TEMPERATE BROADLEAF FORESTS
THE TEMPERATE ZONE
TEMPERATE FORESTSSCLEROPHYLLOUS FORESTS
WARM TEMPERATE EVERGREEN FORESTS
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS
BOREAL FORESTS
TEMPERATE BROAD-LEAVED TREES IN HUMAN CULTURE
FOLKLORE, MYTHOLOGY AND RELIGION
SYMBOLS
HISTORY
LANDSCAPE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
BENEFITS
DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICSGenetic variability
Foliage colour
Growth
Colourful flowers and fruits
Ability to tolerate harsh conditionsShade and roadside trees
Specimen and character trees
Shelters, screens and buffers
Wall trees
FORMS OF HONEY
RELATED PRODUCTS
NECTAR SOURCESEucalyptus spp.
Castanea sativa
Liriodendron tulipifera
Nyssa ogeche
Prosopis spp.
Robinia pseudoacacia
Tilia spp.YERBA MATÉ
DECORATIVE FOLIAGE
MINOR AND TRADITIONAL USES OF FOLIAGE
SYRUPS, SUGAR AND CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS
MAPLE SYRUP AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Historical aspects
Species
Products
Sap collection
Production and trade
Grading
Pests and diseases
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
CORK OAK
STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICSDensity
Elasticity
Impermeability
Low conductivity
Other desirable characteristicsHARVESTING AND PROCESSING
USES
PRODUCTION AND TRADE
PESTS AND DISEASESHISTORICAL ASPECTS
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES
PRINCIPAL SOURCES
MINOR SOURCES
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
COMPOSITION
USES
HARVESTING
PRODUCTION AND TRADECAROB
PROSOPIS PODS
MOUNTAIN ASH AND RELATED TREES - SORBUS SPP.
PERSIMMONS
HAWTHORN
SEA BUCKTHORN
BLACK ELDER
MEDLAR
BLACK RASPBERRY
OTHER MINOR FRUITS
HUMAN CONSUMPTION
DYES
FOOD FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND WILDLIFEHUMAN CONSUMPTION
BEECH NUT OIL
FOOD FOR DOMESTIC ANIMALS AND WILDLIFEHISTORICAL ASPECTS
IMPORTANT SPECIES
NUTRITIONAL VALUE
PRODUCTION AND TRADENUTS OF CASTANOPSIS AND CHRYSOLEPIS
HAZELNUTS
HICKORY NUTS
PISTACHIOS
WALNUTSHUMAN CONSUMPTION
DYE
OTHER PRODUCTS
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING
PRODUCTION AND TRADE
NON-WOOD PRODUCTS FROM ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPERATE BROAD-LEAVED TREES
TRICHOLOMA MAGNIVELARE
TRUFFLESImportant species
Historical aspects
Commercial cultivation
Harvesting
Production, trade and regulationHistorical background
Cultivation
Harvesting and processing
Production and trade
Uses