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Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Satellite event
on the occasion of the
Rome 12-13 October 2002 PROCEEDINGS |
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Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Satellite event
on the occasion of the
Rome 12-13 October 2002 PROCEEDINGS |
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
ISBN 92-5-104917-3
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© FAO 2003
Diversity/environment relationships
2 BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN WEST AFRICAN PASTORAL AND AGRO-PASTORAL SYSTEMS
DIVERSITY IN NORTHERN NIGERIAN RISK-PRONE SYSTEMS
DIVERSITY IN THE RANGELAND-BASED LIVESTOCK SYSTEM
Livestock management on rangeland and cropland
Characteristics and use of woody vegetation
Biodiversity management on cropland: species, varieties and planting patterns
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.TRADITIONAL USE AND AVAILABILITY OF AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY IN RICE-BASED ECOSYSTEMS
Ricefield fisheries in Cambodia
4. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AND GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
TRADITIONAL AND COMMUNITY-BASED MANAGEMENT
Nayakrishi Andolon:a community-based system of organic farming, Bangladesh
Ladang cultivation of organic spices in Sumatra, Indonesia
Organic coffee production and biodiversity management, Chiapas, Mexico
IN SITU CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF CENTRES OF DIVERSITY
Organic farming for the Mayas’ chocolate, Tabasco, Mexico
Organic and naturally coloured cotton, Peru
Organic quinoa from the Cotahuasi river basin, La Unión, Peru
Slow Food and the Ark of Taste: the case of Saraceno grain and Zolfino bean, Italy
Recovery of local varieties of rice through organic methods, Indonesia
Protected Geographical Indication and organic production norms for the Garfagnana spelt, Italy10
SELECTION OF BIODIVERSITY ADAPTED TO LOCAL ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND RESISTANT TO DISEASE
Selection of quality wheat varieties for organic agriculture on sandy soils, Germany
Maremmana cattle with the organic rearing approach in marshy areas, Italy
Rearing native chickens through organic agriculture, South Africa
Restoring drylands with permaculture, Bahia, Brazil
ALTERNATIVE BREEDING CRITERIA AND PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
In situ restoration of local varieties through organic agriculture, Andalucia, Spain
Changes in plant breeding of pumpkins as response to socio-economic limitations, Cuba
Network of biodynamic seed production and plant breeding, Germany
5.EFFECTIVENESS OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Why should we conserve biodiversity?
What, exactly, should we be conserving?
How should we conserve biodiversity?
Ecologically important species
Major constraints on the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to conserve existing biological diversity
Increasing the effectiveness of conservation
CREATING A SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
Engaging with the biodiversity- related conventions
Moving away from the centrality of projects
IMPROVING THE PRACTICE OF CONSERVATION ON THE GROUND
Develop an active management plan aimed at reaching desired targets
Establish monitoring protcols and regimes
6.CONSERVATION AND USE OF MAHOGANY IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN MEXICO
ECOLOGICAL ZONES AND MAHOGANY DISTRIBUTION
Natural distribution of mahogany
State of mahogany natural populations
FREQUENCY AND ABUNDANCE OF SPECIES IN TROPICAL REGION STANDS
Genetic diversity and conservation of resources
Genetic resources conservation
Management and use of mahogany populations
Sustainable management perspectives
Role of forest plantations in conservation
Initiatives to regulate the use and conservation of mahogany
7. IMPACT OF CULTIVATION AND GATHERING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON BIODIVERSITY: GLOBAL TRENDS AND ISSUES
CBD and the ecosystem approach
How many MAP are used world-wide?
How many MAP species are traded?
How many MAP are threatened world-wide?
How many MAP are under cultivation?
WILD OR CULTIVATED: WHAT DOES THE MARKET WANT?
WILD OR CULTIVATED: WHAT DO PEOPLE NEED?
WILD OR CULTIVATED: WHAT DO THE SPECIES AND ECOSYSTEMS REQUIRE?
Small-scale cultivation and home gardens
CHALLENGES OF HARVESTING SUSTAINABLY FROM THE WILD
Lack of information on the wild resource
Lack of legislative and policy support for wild harvesting schemes
Most MAP species will continue to be harvested wild
Need for implementation of management plans
Eco-labelling and certification
8. IMPACT OF CULTIVATION AND GATHERING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON BIODIVERSITY: CASE STUDIES FROM INDIA
CASE STUDY: MARADAVALLY STATE FOREST
HABIT-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY AREAS
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Lack of traceability and certification
Transparency and accountability
IMPACT ON ECO- AND AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS
IMPACT ON PROVIDERS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Cultivation initiatives on private land
Conservation efforts in forest lands
SWOT ANALYSIS OF COLLECTION AND CULTIVATION
INTERMEDIATE DEVELOPMENT VEHICLES
SOIL BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE AND PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURE
CASE 2: Managing termites and organic resources to improve soil productivity in the Sahel
CASE 4: Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the common bean
SUMMARY GUIDE TO CASE STUDIES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
CASH CROPS FARMING IN THE HIMALAYAN REGION
THE ROLE OF POLLINATION IN IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS
INADEQUATE POLLINATION AS A FACTOR AFFECTING CROP PRODUCTIVITY
POLLINATOR DIVERSITY AND ITS ROLE IN ENHANCING CROP PRODUCTIVITY
THE ISSUE OF DECLINING POLLINATOR POPULATIONS
IMPACT OF DECLINE IN POLLINATOR POPULATION AND DIVERSITY
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLLINATOR MANAGEMENT FOR CASH CROP POLLINATION IN THE HIMALAYAS
MANAGED POLLINATION AS A SOLUTION TO ADDRESS THE IMMEDIATE PROBLEM OF CASH CROP POLLINATION
HONEYBEES AS THE MOST EFFICIENT AND MANAGEABLE POLLINATORS
The significance of honeybee diversity for pollination
HAND-POLLINATION (USING HUMANS AS POLLINATORS): A CASE STUDY FROM MAOXIAN VALLEY, CHINA
CHALLENGES IN MANAGED CROP POLLINATION
Including pollination as a technological input to agricultural development packages
Influencing thinking about bees and beekeeping
Strengthening research and development institutions
Human resources development and capacity building
CROP POLLINATION INVESTMENT PROSPECTS
GENDER CONCERNS IN POLLINATOR MANAGEMENT AND MANAGED POLLINATION
11. ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH
FAO’s efforts to mainstream biodiversity
CS-1 Uganda: poverty eradication in the Iganga district
CS-2. Honduras: mountain areas South of Lempira
CS-3. Thailand: organic and fair-trade rice project
CS-4. Western Iran: sustainable livelihoods project
CS-5. India: Tribal farmers and hunter gatherers in the tropical deciduous areas of Tamil Nadu
THE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH AND LESSONS LEARNED IN THE CASE STUDIES
Focus on the functional relationships and processes within ecosystems
Use adaptive management practices
Ensure inter-sectoral cooperation
12.GLOBALLY IMPORTANT INGENIOUS AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE SYSTEMS
The GIAHS programme: concept and goals
Traditional oasis in south Tunisia. An efficient agro-ecosystem generating biodiversity
Rice–fish farming systems in Asia. Integrated agro-ecosystems with complex species interactions
Maasai pastoralism: the cultural–ecological strategies of a people in a high-risk environment