FAO Forestry Paper 162

What woodfuels can do to mitigate climate change


Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 2010


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ISBN 978-92-5-106653-9

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© FAO 2010

Contents

(Download complete version - 1,8 MB)

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Acronyms and units of measurement
Summary
(Download - 222 KB)

1. Introduction and overview (Download - 91 KB)

Definitions
Distribution of biomass use
Traditional biomass use
The role of modern bioenergy
Objectives and structure of this report
Woodfuels included in this report
Accounting units and conversion

2. Forest resources and woody biomass (Download - 188 KB)

Forested area
Wood products
Planted forests
Woodfuel use
Charcoal use

3. National, regional and global markets for woodfuels (Download - 90 KB)

European Union
Other Europe and the Russian Federation
North America
South America
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia

4. Future trends in energy, climate and woodfuel use  (Download - 184 KB)

Historical energy trends
Projections of energy supply and demand to 2030
Global CO2 emissions
Energy and electricity access
Woodfuel consumption

5. Climate change mitigation potential of woodfuels (Download - 268 KB)

Costs of bioenergy systems
Greenhouse gas impacts, land use and carbon sequestration
Biomass-based electricity generation
Biomass co-firing
Biomass substitution at steel plants
Improved charcoal production options
Traditional biomass: improved cooking stoves
Conservation and woodfuel mitigation actions

6. Socio-economic impacts (Download - 59 KB)

Health impacts
Social impacts of woodfuel collection and use
Economy: local and regional linkages
Community management of commercial woodfuels

7. Environmental impacts (Download - 187 KB)

Biodiversity
Air quality: emissions and cycles
Water: impacts and pollutants
Soil: nutrients, agronomy, topography
Market impacts

8. Sustainability certification (Download - 60 KB)

9. Carbon finance for woodfuels (Download - 321 KB)

Clean Development Mechanism
Woodfuels in the CDM – case studies
Rejected projects
Voluntary Carbon Standard
Transaction costs (small-scale versus large-scale applications)
Measurement, reporting and verification
Finance of carbon saving

10. Research, development, demonstration and deployment (Download - 72 KB)

Estimated black carbon emissions from traditional biomass
Household biomass: clean cooking deployment strategies
An advanced technology option: wood gasification

11. Conclusions (Download - 188 KB)

Biodiversity
Air quality: emissions and cycles
Water: impacts and pollutants
Soil: nutrients, agronomy, topography
Market impacts

Bibliography (Download - 215 KB)