3. Characteristics of packaging

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Part of the post-harvest losses of fresh produce in less developed regions are a result of mechanical injuries due to poor handling and inadequate packaging. In more developed marketing systems packages serves also other objectives, such as market penetration, competitiveness.

Proper packaging of a product can reduce not only bruising and crushing, but can also improve marketing of produce, reduce moisture loss, prevent (re-)contamination of the product with spoilage organisms, reduce pilferage, maintain a sanitary environment during marketing.

All aspects of packaging must be taken into account when considering the introduction of new packaging. These aspects involve, among others, cost of packaging material, labour, acceptance by trader and consumers and changes in product condition. The ultimate goal of packaging must lead to easier handling of the produce, a better quality and better marketable product.

The characteristics of packaging are to contain, to protect, to communicate and to market the product.

A. To contain produce

• As an efficient handling unit, easy to be handled by one person.
• As a marketable unit. e.g. units with the same content and weight.

B. To protect produce against

• Rough handling during loading, unloading and transport - rigid crate.
• Pressure during stacking.
• Moisture or water loss with consequent weight and appearance loss.
• Heat: air flow through crate or box via ventilation holes.
• Fumigation possible through ventilation holes.

FIG.1.Characteritics of packaging

C. To communicate:

• Identification: a label with country of origin, volume, type or variety of product, etc. printed on it.
• Marketing, advertising: recognisable trade name and trademark.

D. To market the product:

• Proper packaging will lead to reduced injuries of fruits and vegetables and subsequently to improvement of appearance.
• Standard units (weight, count) of a certain produce will increase speed and efficiency of marketing.
• With reduced costs of transport and handling, stacking and combining of packages into layer units like pallets is possible. A more efficient use of space and reduced losses will lower the marketing costs.
• Labels and slots facilitate inspection.

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