Pêches
Créé initialement en 2001, le Glossaire des pêches de la FAO a été modernisé conjointement par le Département des pêches et de l'aquaculture et le Groupe de la planification des réunions et de l'appui linguistique. Cette modernisation a découlé du besoin d´en faire une partie intégrante du Portail terminologique de la FAO et a abouti à des fonctions supplémentaires, à l’ajout des équivalents linguistiques et des définitions alternatives pour les termes qui sont déjà présents dans le Portal terminologique de la FAO. Au mois d’octobre 2014 le Glossaire des pêches de la FAO compte environ 1580 termes et expressions ainsi que des définitions, regroupés par domaine d’activité. Les équivalents linguistiques sont élaborés lorsque de nouveaux termes sont ajoutés.
Toutes les définitions de ce glossaire présentent des «sources de la définition», qui indiquent l’auteur, ainsi que le contexte d’utilisation. Les termes sont fournis par la FAO ainsi que par d'autres institutions qui collaborent avec la FAO. La FAO est l'éditeur de tous les termes, et ses fonctionnaires s’engagent à la mise à jour des définitions dans leur domaine d'expertise, en collaboration avec les auteurs.
Nous espérons que ce glossaire contribuera à une meilleure communication et compréhension dans le cadre de l’objectif à long terme de la FAO de parvenir à une gestion et utilisation durables des ressources halieutiques et aquacoles, tout en développant la coopération internationale dans ces domaines.
Abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviations and acronyms
Ab | Antibody | K | Coefficient of permeability (soil) |
ABC | Acid-binding capacity | K | Condition factor (metric units) |
AFNOR | French Standards Institute | K | Potassium |
ASTM | American Society for Testing Materials | L/C | Letter of credit |
BOD | Biochemical oxygen demand | LH | Luteinizing hormone |
BSI | British Standards Institute | LH-RH | Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone |
BV | Biological value of protein | LH-RHa | Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue |
C | Condition factor (anglo-saxon units) | LIS | Land Information Systems |
C | Centigrades | LWMOST | Low water mark for ordinary spring tides |
C | Carbon | MAP | Modified atmosphere packing |
C:N ratio | Carbon/nitrogen ratio (composting) | ME | Metabolizable energy |
Ca | Calcium | MSL | Mean sea level |
CaO | Quicklime | MSY | Maximum sustainable yield |
CAP | Controlled atmosphere packing | MWL | Mean water level |
CBA | Cost-benefit analysis | n | Coefficient of roughness (hydraulics) |
CBD | Convention on Biological Diversity | N | Nitrogen |
CCP | Critical Control Point | n, 2n, 3n | Number of c hromosome sets in cells |
CCRF | Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries | NASA | National Aeronautical and Space Administration ( USA ) |
CIF | Cost, insurance and freight | Nb | Effective breeding efficiency |
CI | Chlorinity | NDP | Net domestic product |
COD | Chemical oxygen demand | Ne | Effective breeding number |
CPI | Consumer Price In dex | NGO | Non-governmental organization |
CPR | Common property resource | NNP | Net National Product |
CZM | Coastal zone management | NOD | Nitrogenous oxygen demand |
DC | Apparent digestibility coefficient | NPU | (Apparent) net protein utilization |
DE | Apparent digestible energy | NPV | Net present value |
DIN | German Standards Institute | O | Oxygen |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid | OECD | Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development |
DO | Dissolved oxygen | P | Phosphorus |
DSP | Diarrheic shellfish poisoning | P | Parental generation in a breeding programme |
E | Hanging ratio (fishing net) | PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
EAA | Essential amino acid | PER | Protein efficiency ratio |
EFA | Essential fatty acid | PET | Potential evapotranspiration |
EIA | Environmental Impact Assessment | pH | Hydrogen potential |
EQS | Environmental quality standards | PL | Postlarva (crustaceans) |
F | Coefficient of inbreeding | PO | Purchase order |
F1, F2, F3 | First, second, generation produced during a breeding programme | PPI | Producer Price Index |
FC | Feed conversion | PPP US$ | Purchasing Power Parity (in US$) |
FCE | Feed conversion efficiency | PRA | Participatory rural appraisal |
FCEs | Specific feed conversion efficiency | PSP | Paralytic shellfish poisoning |
FCR | Feed conversion ratio | PUFA | Polyunsaturated fatty acid |
FER | Feed efficiency ratio | PVC | Polyvinylchloride |
FTB | Floating-type breakwater | QTLs | Quantitative traits loci |
g | Instantaneous growth rate | RAPD | Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA |
G | Specific growth rate | RD | Reference diet |
GDI | Gender-related Development In dex | RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product | RNAvirus | Ribovirus |
GEM | Gender empowerment | RPI | Retail price index |
GIS | Geographical information systems | RRA | Rapid rural appraisal |
GMO | Genetically Modified Organism | RS | Remote sensing |
GNP | Gross national product | S | Salinity |
GnRH | Gonadotropin releasing hormone | SBV | Methyl-orange alkalinity |
GnRHa | Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue | SCP | Single-cell proteins |
GPS | Global positioning system | SGR | Specific growth rate |
GRR | Relative growth rate | SIA | Social Impact Assessment |
GSI | Gonado-somatic index | SPS Agreement | Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures |
GtH | Gonadotropin (hormone) | SRD | Standard reference diet |
H | Hydrogen | SWB | Small water body |
HACCP | Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points | T&V system | Training-and-visit system (extension) |
HDI | Human Development In dex | TBT Agreement | Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade |
HDPE | High density polyethylene | TDC | True digestion coefficient |
HPI-1 | Human Poverty In dex for developing countries | TDH | Total dynamic head |
HPI-2 | Human Poverty In dex for selected OECD countries | TDS | Total dissolved solids |
HUFA | Highly unsaturated fatty acids | TOR | Terms of reference |
HWMOST | High water mark for ordinary spring tides | USDA | United States Department of Agriculture |
IAA | Integrated agriculture-aquaculture | UV | Ultraviolet radiation |
ICAM | Integrated Coastal Area Management | VA | Additive genetic variance |
ICID | International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage | VD | Dominance genetic variance |
ICM | Integrated Coastal Management | VE | Environmental variance |
ICZM | Integrated coastal zone management | VG | Genetic variance |
IIA | Integrated irrigation-aquaculture | VI | Epistasis genetic variance |
IPM | Integrated pest management | VP | Phenotypic variance |
IRA | Import risk analysis | WPI | Wholesale Price In dex |
[Translate to Français:] Measurement units
[Translate to Français:] Measurement units
ºC Degree Celsius | l Litre |
ºF Degree Fahrenheit | m3 Cubic metre = 1 000 litres |
nm Nanometre = 10-6 mm | mg Milligram |
µm Micrometre = 10-3 mm | g Gram |
mm Millimetre | kg Kilogram |
cm Centimetre | t Metric tonne = 1 000 kg |
m Metre | h Hour |
km Kilometre | yr Year |
m2 Square metre | ppt Parts per thousand |
ha Hectare = 10 000 m2 | ppm Parts per million |