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4. CRUSTACEANS

4.1 LIST OF CRUSTACEAN SPECIES N = Native I = Introduced

Production by continent for native and introduced species

Family

Scientific name

Common name

Environment

Production

Africa

America

America

Asia

Europe

Oceania

Former

FW

BW

SW

1994 (mt)

North

South

USSR
PENAEIDAE Metapenaeus dobsoni Kadal shrimp

X

X

N
Metapenaeus endeavouri Endeavour shrimp

X

X

1,843*

1,843

N*
Metapenaeus ensis Greasyback shrimp

X

X

N

N
Metapenaeus monoceros Speckled shrimp

X

X

N

N
Penaeus aztecus Northern brown shrimp

X

X

N

I
Penaeus chinensis* Fleshy prawn

X

X

64,389

I

64,389

N

I

I
Penaeus esculentus Brown tiger prawn

X

X

N
Penaeus indicus Indian white prawn

X

X

2,244

40

N

2,204

N

N
Penaeus japonicus Kuruma prawn

X

X

2,295

1

N

I

2,136

N

125

I

33

N
Penaeus kerathurus Caramote prawn

X

X

N

N

N
Penaeus merguiensis Banana prawn

X

X

43,522

43,522

N

N
Penaeus monodon Giant tiger prawn*

X

X

505,658

584

N

I

I

503,694

N

1

I

1,379

N
Penaeus notialis Southern pink shrimp

X

X

N

N

N
Penaeus paulensis Sao Paulo shrimp

X

X

N
Penaeus penicillatus Redtail prawn

X

X

217

I

217

N
Penaeus schmitti Southern white shrimp

X

X

N

N
Penaeus semisulcatus Green tiger prawn

X

X

N

N

N
Penaeus setiferus Northern white shrimp

X

X

N
Penaeus stylirostris Blue shrimp

X

X

11,973

758

N

11,215

N

I

I
Penaeus subtilis Southern brown shrimp

X

X

N

N
Penaeus vannamei Whiteleg shrimp

X

X

109,447

9,038

N

100,409

N

I

I
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Atlantic seabob

X

X

X

50

N

50

N
SERGESTIDAE Acetes japonicus Akiami paste shrimp

X

200

200

N
PALAEMONIDAE Macrobrachium malcolmsonii Monsoon river prawn

X

X

N
Macrobrachium rosenbergii Giant river prawn

X

X

X

20,759*

98

I

1,706

I

1,757

I

17,067

N

36

95

N

I
Palaemon serratus Common prawn

X

X

30

N

N

30

N

N
NEPHROPIDAE Homarus americanus American lobster

X

N

N

I
Homarus gammarus European lobster

X

N

N*

N
ASTACIDAE Astacus astacus Noble crayfish

X

N

N
Astacus leptodactylus Danube crayfish

X

X

N

N

N
Pacifastacus leniusculus Signal crayfish

X

3

N

N

3

I

I
CAMBARIDAE Procambarus clarkii Red swamp crawfish

X

X

24,593

I

22,493

N

I

I

2,100

I

I
PARASTACIDAE Cherax destructor Yabby crayfish

X

X

336

336

N
Cherax quadricarinatus Red claw crayfish

X

35

I

35

N
Cherax tenuimanus Marron crayfish

X

23

2

I

I

I

I

21

N
PALINURIDAE Panulirus longipes Longlegged spiny lobster

X

7

N

7

N

N
PORTUNIDAE Portunus trituberculatus Gazami crab*

X

N
Scylla serrata Indo-Pacific swamp crab*

X

X

7,958

5

N

7,953

N

N
POTAMIDAE Eriocheir sinensis Chinese river crab*

X

X

X

31,230

I*

31,230

N

I*

4.2 NOTES ON CRUSTACEANS

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

* Penaeus orientalis is often used in place of Penaeus chinensis but is recognized as a synonym (Holthuis, 1980).

COMMON NAMES

* Black tiger shrimp is another name often used for Penaeus monodon (ASFA, 1996).

* Swimming crab is the most common name for Portunus trituberculatus (ASFA, 1996), but it is too generic.

* Indo-Pacific swamp crab has been chosen to replace mud crab as FAO English Name for Scylla serrata (FAO, 1994a).

* Chinese mitten crab is another name often used for Eriocheir sinensis (ASFA, 1996).

PRODUCTION

* In FAO (1995d) the production previously reported by Philippines as Peneaus indicus (FAO, 1994b) was moved under Metapenaeus endeavouri but this species, according to Holthuis (1980) and Dore and Frimodt (1987) is distributed only along the west, north and east coasts of Australia where is a fisheries resource but is not cultured (Kailola et al., 1993). No one report of its introduction in the Philippines has been found in ASFA (1996) nor M. endeavouri is mentioned as one of the marine shrimp species (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus merguensis, Metapenaeus ensis) commercially cultivated in the Philippines (Rabanal and Soesanto, 1987). Then, the 1,843 t reported for Metapenaeus endeavouri in FAO (1996) could still probably belong to Penaeus indicus. In this case Metapenaeus endeavouri should be cancelled from this list.

* The production of 12,500 t reported (FAO, 1996) by Viet Nam under the item "Freshwater crustaceans not identified" should belong to Macrobrachium rosenbergii which is the most important freshwater crustacean cultivated in Vietnam (Lin and Lee, 1992, Hung, 1992).

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

* Geographical distribution of Metapenaeus endeavouri is reported as restricted to west, north and east coasts of Australia (Holthuis,1980; Dore and Frimodt, 1987) but statistics for this species has been reported by Philippines (FAO, 1995d and 1996). See above, under Production, for other details.

* Geographical distribution of Homarus gammarus in Asia is restricted to a small area of Turkey (Holthuis, 1991).

* Eriocheir sinensis was introduced in Europe (Welcomme, 1988) and in North America (Willams et al., 1989) probably in the ballast water of ships (Moyle, 1991). The species, considered a delicacy in China, is a pest in Europe (Welcomme, 1988).

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