A. FISH CULTURE (General Course)
Fish Culture (Pond Culture)
General outline of principles governing cultivation of fish in ponds with a historical review of the development of rearing fish in ponds.
General principles of pond construction; classification of ponds.
Selection of pond sites.
Preparatory work for construction of ponds (construction plans, levelling practices, calculation of costs).
Execution measures in pond construction (construction of dikes, inlets, monks, spillways, bottom drain canals, fishery grates, special devices).
General outlay of ponds according to purpose (spawning, nursing, rearing, holding).
Technical details of spawning ponds of different kinds, nursing ponds and rearing ponds.
Annual maintenance of ponds.
Reproduction and rearing of pond fish, governing principles.
Spawning: preparatory work, selection of breeders, mating, care of breeders and fry, development of fry, capture of fry.
Nursing: stocking of nursing ponds, rate of stocking, mixed stocking, improvement of holding capacity of nursing ponds, cropping of fingerlings.
Rearing (fattening): governing principles of stocking of rearing ponds, rate of stocking, productivity and rate of stocking, natural productivity and mechanical ways and means of improvement, time of rearing, sideline rearing of associated species.
Fertilization of ponds as means of enlarging the natural productivity of ponds, general outlines.
Application of fertilizers (organic and inorganic).
Importance of lime in pond culture; different methods of application.
Artificial feeding of pond fish - general outlines.
Kinds of foods.
Preparation and application of food.
Timetable for feeding.
Calculation of the quantity of food to be applied (absolute and relative food quotient).
Financial calculation of food and fertilizer application.
Harvest work at the end of rearing period (cropping, nets, and tools, time requirements, calculation of manpower).
Transportation of fish, alive or dead (transportation vehicles, oxygen demand, relation between volume of water, temperature, time and weight of fish to be transported alive; the requirements for dead fish shipment in relation to season and distances).
Fish enemies and their control.
Fish diseases, their prevention and control.
Fish culture recording and calculation methods (general pond records, stocking records, harvest records, food and fertilizer records, etc.).
B. FISH CULTURE (Seminars and Exercises)
Theory of Fish Production in Ponds and Related Subjects
What is productivity of a pond?
Productivity factors (climate, geology, chemical characteristics of water, form of ponds).
Natural productivity and methods to increase it (bottom preparation, fertilization, mixed-species management, chemical treatments).
Plankton and bottom dwelling organisms and their relation to (iii).
Determination of natural productivity (plankton, bottom dwelling animals).
The term “holding capacity”.
Factors limiting natural productivity (undesired aquatic vegetation, dike vegetation, and other negative environmental factors).
Control measures against (vii).
Measures to Increase Natural Productivity
Fertilization
Minimum requirements of minute plants.
“Law of the Minimum”.
Chemical determination of available main elements (anions + cations).
Biological indications of the presence of elements.
Phosphate and Nitrogen fertilizers.
The role of (v) in the metabolism of ponds.
Methods of fertilizer application and timing.
Economic of fertilization.
Liming
The effects of lime application.
Factors indicating a liming demand.
Methods of liming.
Green Manuring and Its Effect
Application of Artificial Food to Pond Fish
Purpose of feeding.
The quantity requirment in accordance with: (1) production of natural food, and (2) species of fish.
Various foodstuffs and their nutritional value and chemical composition.
Fodder effects.
Timing of fodder application in relation to biotic and abiotic factors.
Economy of fodder application.
Stocking Measures
Determination of kind of fish and numerical amount in accordance with biotic and abiotic conditions, provided naturally and/or artificially in connection with fertilization, liming and feeding.
Stocking calculations.
Selection and Maintenance of Brood Stock
Carp, Tilapia, Catfish, others
Purpose of selective measures.
Various kinds of selection.
Differing fish production of ponds as response to racial characteristics of carp.
Technical details on how to build up an optimum race or strain of carp and other fish species particularly fitted to given environmental conditions.
Raising of Fish Associated with Ducks
Cultivation of Rice together with Fish
Cultivation (Rearing) of Fish in Barrage Lakes, Water-Holding Reservoirs, Seasonal Ponds and Pools, and Ox-Bow Waters.
Construction, Application and Maintenance of Fish Culturists' Nets and Tools and Auxillary Instruments
Nets: Cast nets, pond seines, dip nets, fry nets, and preservation methods.
Tools: Kakaban frame, self-catching devices, grading and sorting devices, fish elevators, fish transportation vessels, aeration devices, spraying equipment, feeding equipment, ploughs, pumps, fodder mills, limestone mills, etc.
Others: Chemical field kit for pH, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen determination.
Commercial producers of fishermen's tools and nets, prices and conditions.
Fish Enemies and Diseases, their Control and Prevention
Enemies (birds, mammals, amphibians).
Diseases (deficiency disease, environmental disease, fungus diseases, bacterial parasites, protozoan parasites, worm parasites, crustacean parasites).
Fishponds and Public Health
C. FISHERIES BIOLOGY (General Course)
What fish are.
Where fish live.
How and why fish are studied.
The major group of fishes (general classification).
Basic fish anatomy (external anatomy, skeleton, muscles, gills, swim bladders, digestive tract, circulatory system, kidneys, reproductive organs, endocrine organs, nervous system).
Skin (coloration, barbels, scales).
Food, digestion, nutrition, growth (food of fish, feeding habits, utilization of food, growth of fish).
Body forms, movement, migrations.
Heart and circulatory vessels, blood, temperature.
Respiration.
Reproduction.
Systematics and nomenclature.
D. FISHERIES BIOLOGY (Seminars and Exercises on Selected Problems)
Anatomy.
Skin structures, scale reading.
Feeding habits, growth of fish.
Respiration, gills, swim bladder.
Reproduction, types of reproduction; reproductive systems; spermatozoa and their formation; eggs, number and formation; sex differences; maturity; maturity; reproductive cycles; breeding; parental care; development.
Ecology and zoogeography.
Literature on fisheries biology (Books, periodicals).
E. LIMNOLOGY (General Course)
What is limnology?
Types of inland waters.
Physical and chemical characteristics of inland waters.
Floral and faunal components of fresh water resources.
The effect of climatological conditions.
Appraisal of inland fishery resources (biological, chemical, ecological).
Special tropical aspects of limnology.
F. LIMNOLOGY (Seminars and Exercises)
Aquatic flora.
Floristic associations.
Determination of large aquatic and semi-aquatic plants.
Phytoplankton (classes, orders, sampling and determination).
Aquatic fauna (protozoa, porifera, hydrozoa, turbellaria, nematodes, rotifers, gastrotricha, polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinae, phyllopoda, cladocera, copepoda, ostracoda, mala-costraca, hydracarina, insects, lamellibranchiata, gastropoda, vertebrata); sampling and determination.
Limnological survey of lakes and streams (physical survey, chemical survey, biological survey and their approaches, technical implementations and evaluations with a view to setting up fish management programs).
Fisheries chemistry (collection of water samples, determination of pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, sulphate, etc.; preparation of standard solutions; determination methods and techniques; care of chemicals and laboratory devices; handling of sensitive apparatus and determination devices; etc.).
G. LAKE AND RIVER MANAGEMENT (Seminars)
Establishment and evaluation of fisheries statistics as a basic means for successful future management.
Management proposals based upon results obtained from biological, chemical and ecological appraisals of waters.
Possibilities for the improvement of the fisheries value of waters by direct correction measures for stocks and amenities.
Technical and administrative responsibilities for (iii).
Introduction of more effective fishing devices and methods and for improvement of the efficiency of traditional methods and gear by alterations and through training.
Establishment of fisheries regulations and employment of subject-trained officers or bodies.
H. FISHING GEAR AND METHODS (Seminars and Exercises)
Introduction.
Various kinds of net materials and their most important properties (yarn count system, strength of twine, thickness, shrinkage and elongation of twine, etc.).
Basic classification, description and employment of fishing gear (hand instruments, excluding those made of textiles; barriers and traps, excluding those made of textiles; lines, handlings, longlines; nets; set impounding nets, mobile impounding nets, entangling nets).
Mending (construction) of lines, nets, etc., net repair and care of gear (traps, fishpots, longlines, fyke nets, trap nets, cast nets, seines, ring nets, gill and trammel nets; repair work; preservation measures).
Specialized gear (electrical fishing).
I. FISH TRANSPORTATION, DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING
Basic information as to sanitary measures and market particularities.
J. FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION
Set-up, organization, tasks and duties, legislation, conservation, relationship with other administrations.
