FAO SECRETARIAT
This survey was presented at the second session of the FAO Committee on Wood-based Panel Products, held at Rome, 6-8 November 1968, in accordance with a recommendation of the first session (Rome, December 1966) that FAO undertake such a survey at two-year intervals, beginning in 1968. In accordance with a further recommendation of the first session, the survey was carried out jointly with the Timber Committee of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) which covered the European and North American regions, while FAO covered the rest of the world.
To obtain the necessary data for the survey a questionnaire was prepared and despatched to governments. This questionnaire comprised two parts: Part A (basic data) relating to annual production capacity and number of established mills for fibreboard, particle board, plywood and veneer sheets over the period 1966 to 1969;1 and Part B (supplementary data) which asked for certain additional data in extra detail, together with information about capacity and number of mills producing woodwool board (cement-bonded) in 1960, 1965, 1966 and 1967.
1 See the Appendix for tables relative to production capacity and number of mills for the world and for each region.
The survey2 prepared by ECE and covering the European and North American regions was submitted to ECE's Timber Committee at its twenty-sixth session held at Geneva, 7-11 October 1968. The present report combines both the ECE survey and the information obtained by FAO for the other regions of the world.3
2 Biennial survey of the production capacity of, and raw material consumption by, the wood-based panel products industries, TIM/Working Paper No. 126, 26 September 1968.3 Some differences may be noticed between the present report and corresponding parts of the ECE survey. These arc due to (a) rounding of totals, and (b) the fact that some additional material became available after the ECE survey had gone to press.
On the basis of all the information that it has been possible to gather and put together, individual country data sheets have been prepared for each country which is manufacturing one or more wood-based panel product. These sheets, covering 135 countries, have been assembled in a supplementary document (FO: WPP/68/3.2) which may be obtained from FAO on request.
At the same time, however, from many of the replies received it was obvious that the information sought and data needed were not available at government level. In an attempt to fill the gaps, to settle a number of discrepancies which were apparent and to complete the picture in so far as possible, much helpful data published by trade associations (such as FEROPA,4 FESYP,5 and ALAFATA,6 etc.) was utilized and is gratefully acknowledged. A great deal of additional information was also provided by field staff of UNDP/FAO Special Fund projects, and through specific country visits by members of the Regional Advisory Groups on Forest Industries Development in Africa, in Latin America, and in Asia and the Far East. Even so, it was clearly impossible to cover every eventuality and in some cases where capacity has not been officially reported, an estimate in accordance with the best information available has been made. This is particularly the case for plywood and veneer sheets where as yet, as the FAO Committee on Wood-based Panel Products has already pointed out, no internationally agreed and uniform definition of production capacity exists. Furthermore, while countries were requested to supply capacity data for fibreboard and particle board on the basis of definitions drawn up by FEROPA and FESYP, it appears that some countries are still experiencing difficulty in following these definitions.
4 Fédération européenne des syndicats de fabricants de panneaux de fibres, 59 avenue Roger Vandendriessche, Bruxelles 15 Belgium.5 Federation of European Particle Board Manufacturers Association, Bahnhofstrasse 52-54, Postfach 23, 63 Giessen 1, Federal Rep. of Germany.
6 Asociación Latinoamericana de Fabricantes de Tableros de Fibra, de Madera y Similares, Agustinas 1070, 4° piso, Santiago, Chile.
Thus the data indicated for production capacity, particularly in the case of plywood and veneer sheets, must be interpreted with due caution. Some can be no more than approximations and can only show "orders of magnitude."
Europe 7,8
7 Excluding the U.S.S.R. which is dealt with separately in the following section.8 Countries which completed and returned the questionnaire were: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and Yugoslavia.
PLYWOOD
In 1967 plywood was being produced in 24 European countries. Estimated production capacity of the 873 plywood mills (855 in 1966) located in these 24 countries was around 4.0 million cubic metres, compared to 3.9 million cubic metres in 1966, or an increase of 2 percent. Four countries (Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany and Italy) with 456 plywood mills between them accounted for 57 percent of this capacity.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that plywood production capacity in Europe will have increased by about 10 percent to reach around 4.3 million cubic metres, though the number of mills by 1969 may have dropped to below 870. Countries which were expected to increase their production capacity to manufacture plywood are Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. At the same time it appears that some of these countries will increase their capacity without, in fact, increasing the number of plywood plants. France, for example, reports the probability of 6 fewer mills by 1969 than in 1966. Belgium and the Federal Republic of Germany, on the other hand, estimate a slightly lower production capacity in 1969 than in 1966.
According to estimates, apparent utilization of plywood production capacity in 1967 was highest in Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Hungary, and Romania. Low rates of capacity utilization, on the other hand, were evident in Austria and Yugoslavia. Finland and Italy showed the largest unutilized plywood production capacities and together may have accounted for something approaching half of the estimated regional total of unutilized plywood capacity in 1967. Total apparent unutilized plywood production capacity for Europe as a whole (excluding the U.S.S.R.) may have amounted to around 575000 cubic metres in 1966 and in the order of 615000 cubic metres, in 1967, or about 15 percent in both cases in relation to total estimated plywood capacity during those years.
The average production capacity per plywood mill in Europe in 1967 was highest in Finland (27000 cubic metres, followed by Czechoslovakia (24000), Romania (14000), Greece (11000), and Eastern Germany (10000). In several countries the low average production capacity per mill is undoubtedly due to a large number of small mills, many of which may in fact be integrated with other woodworking industries. Of 30 plants in the United Kingdom, for example, only 4 or 5 apparently have an appreciable production capacity.
PARTICLE BOARD.9
9 Including particle board based on nonwood fibrous raw materials.
In 1967 the same 24 countries producing plywood in Europe were also producing particle board. Estimated production capacity of the 363 mills (356 in 1966) was around 5.6 million metric tons compared to 5.1 million metric tons in 1966, or an increase of 11 percent. Five countries (Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Eastern Germany, and Italy) with 182 mills between them accounted for 57 percent of estimated capacity both in 1966 and in 1967. (Note that further references to "metric ton" units in this report will be referred to as "tons").
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that European capacity to manufacture particle board will increase by almost one third and by 1969 have reached about 6.7 million tons. The number of plants is also expected to increase to 378, that is 22 more than were in operation during 1966. Each country predicts an increase in capacity except Czechoslovakia, where capacity is expected to remain around the same level as it was in 1966. The most remarkable increase is apparent in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany where no less than 570000 tons of additional capacity to manufacture particle board are expected to be available by 1969. New plants scheduled to come into operation during 1969 are reported in the case of the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Turkey, Yugoslavia (1 new plant in each country) and Romania where it is reported that there will be 2 new plants. On the other hand France, which reports a substantial increase in capacity from 525000 tons in 1966 to 710000 tons in 1969, anticipates an actual reduction in the number of plants from 33 (1966) to 30 (1969).
According to estimated utilization of particle board production capacity in Europe during 1966 and 1967, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Finland, the Federal Republic of Germany, Eastern Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, and Switzerland, all showed high apparent rates of capacity utilization. Low rates, on the other hand, were evident in the case of Denmark, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. The European regional total of unutilized capacity to manufacture particle board may have been about 800000 tons in 1966 and about 950000 tons in 1967.
Particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials
In 1967 Belgium (250000 tons), Czechoslovakia (41000), France (76000), Hungary (41000) and Poland (84000) reported considerable capacity based on flax. Estimated flax board capacity in these countries in that year probably neared half a million tons though this was slightly lower than in 1966. In Greece hemp and maize stalks are being used in addition to wood, and in 1967 an estimated 10000 tons of domestic capacity in Greece was hemp based. Hemp is also being used in Czechoslovakia (about 10000 tons apparently in 1967).
However, as the ECE Timber Committee pointed out in the report of its last session: "The nonwood-based particle board sector, however, will not participate in the expansion in production capacity; in fact the production of flax board is expected to decline between 1966 and 1969 due to problems in obtaining sufficient raw material."10
10 See Timber Committee of ECE, Final report of twenty-sixth session, October 1968 (Document ECE/TIM/92, paragraph 85).
Extrusion process11
11 FAO Secretariat gratefully acknowledges data made available by Otto Kreibaum M.g., Lauenstein (Hanover), Federal Republic of Germany, relating to particle board plants using the extrusion method in Europe and in other regions of the world.
In 1967 some 32 mills in Europe were using the extrusion method for the manufacture of particle board (Table 1). In terms of capacity these plants possibly accounted for something in the order of 400000 tons or about 7 to 8 percent of estimated European total capacity to produce particle board in 1967. In the Federal Republic of Germany, where the extrusion process was developed and first introduced into commercial practice, there were 10 such plants though one of these closed down in 1967.
TABLE 1. - EUROPE: NUMBER AND ANNUAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF MILLS USING THE EXTRUSION METHOD FOR PARTICLE BOARD MANUFACTURE, 1967
|
|
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
|
Tons |
||
|
Austria |
1 |
9500 |
|
Bulgaria |
1 |
15000 |
|
Czechoslovakia |
2 |
15000 |
|
Finland |
1 |
7500 |
|
France |
2 |
26500 |
|
Germany, Fed. Rep. Of |
10 |
157500 |
|
Germany, Eastern |
1 |
9500 |
|
Italy |
2 |
a5500 |
|
Netherlands |
1 |
11500 |
|
Norway |
1 |
7500 |
|
Poland |
2 |
34000 |
|
Portugal |
1 |
7500 |
|
Romania |
1 |
7500 |
|
Spain |
1 |
9500 |
|
United Kingdom |
2 |
19000 |
|
Yugoslavia |
3 |
a26500 |
|
TOTAL |
32 |
b369000 |
a From one plant. Capacity of the others is not known. b Plus capacity - unknown - from 3 of the 82 plants.
FIBREBOARD
In 1966 and 1967 some 23 European countries were producing fibreboard. Estimated capacity of the 100 mills located in these countries was about 3.1 million tons in 1967 compared to 3.0 million tons (from 99 mills) in 1966. Hardboard accounted for approximately 2.5 million tons (83 percent) of estimated capacity in 1966 and approximately 2.6 million tons (84 percent) in 1967. Corresponding figures for insulation board were about 520000 tons (17 percent) in 1966 and about 515000 tons (16 percent) in 1967.
Five countries (Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Poland and Sweden) with 49 plants between them accounted for around three fifths of total estimated fibreboard capacity (about 80 percent hardboard and 20 percent insulation board) in 1966 and in 1967.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that European production capacity to manufacture fibreboard will have shown an increase of between 10 and 15 percent to reach a total in 1969 of around 3.4 million tons (hardboard about 2.9 million tons; insulation board about 530000 tons; that is, 85 and 15 percent respectively). Practically the whole of this increase will be accounted for by expansion in capacity to manufacture hardboard. In the case of insulation board it appears that only very minor changes will occur.
No fewer than 17 countries report increases (1969 over 1966) in fibreboard production capacity. Bulgaria, which came on stream as a new producing country in 1968, added an estimated 30000 tons to the European fibreboard capacity total in that year and expects to subscribe 60000 tons to the European total in 1969. Other large increases are in France (58000 tons), Romania (90000), Sweden (50000) and Yugoslavia (46000). The only country in fact where domestic fibreboard production capacity has shown a decrease is the United Kingdom, where the estimated capacity shows a decline from about 58000 tons in 1966 to about 40000 tons in 1969.
According to estimates, apparent utilization of fibreboard capacity was highest in Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, and Sweden, but particularly low apparently in the case of Italy and Portugal. Total apparent unutilized productive capacity in Europe during 1966 and 1967 may have been somewhere in the region of around half a million tons.
Average production capacity per fibreboard plant in 1967 was highest in Belgium (67000 metric tons), followed by Sweden (47000), Hungary (46000), Italy (43000), the Federal Republic of Germany (41000), and the Netherlands (40000). In 4 countries (Finland, France, Norway, and Portugal) production capacity per fibreboard plant averaged between 30000 and 39000 tons; in 6 countries (Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Ireland, Poland, Romania, and Spain) between 20000 and 29000 tons; and in 6 countries (Austria, Greece, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and Yugoslavia) between 10000 and 19000 tons. The one plant in Denmark has an estimated capacity of 5000 tons.
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS12
12 Including particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials.
So far the sections of this report have endeavoured to show what the capacity situation appears to look like in Europe for each of the main wood-based panel sectors - plywood, particle board and fibreboard. What does the overall picture show in Europe for wood-based panels as a whole?
In 1967, 24 countries were producing plywood and the same 24 countries were also producing particle board; 23 countries were producing fibreboard. Bulgaria added another country to the fibreboard total in 1968. Total estimated production capacity for all wood-based panels in Europe in 1967 amounted to approximately 11.3 million tons.13 Plywood accounted for some 22 percent of this total, and particle board and fibreboard about 50 percent and 28 percent respectively: 5 countries alone (Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and Sweden) accounted for more than half (55 percent) of European estimated total capacity.
13 Throughout this report plywood figures, when expressed in tons are converted at 650 kilogrammes per cubic metre.
Between 1966 and 1969 the overall increase in production capacity for all wood-based panels in Europe is likely to be about 20 percent. Capacity to manufacture particle board (in 1969 about one third higher than in 1966) will show the greatest increase, followed by fibreboard (about 13 percent higher) and then plywood (about 10 percent higher). The relative shares of plywood and fibreboard in terms of total wood-based panel capacity show a distinct drop in favour of particle board. In fact, by 1969, it is estimated that European production capacity for particle board will account for more than half of the total, with plywood and fibreboard accounting for about 21 percent and 27 percent respectively. Corresponding figures for 1966 were particle board 48 percent; plywood 23 percent; and fibreboard 29 percent.
TABLE 2. - EUROPE: NUMBER OF MILLS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PRODUCT SECTOR IN 1966 AND 1969
|
|
1000 units |
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
||
|
1966 |
1969 |
1966 |
1969 |
||
|
Plywood1 |
m³ |
855 |
869 |
3947 |
4339 |
|
Particle board |
tons |
356 |
378 |
5051 |
6651 |
|
Fibreboard |
" |
99 |
105 |
3034 |
3435 |
|
TOTAL EUROPE |
" |
1310 |
1352 |
10573 |
12728 |
1 Owing to the different conversion factor used by France, European plywood totals do not convert to metric tons at exactly 650 kg per m³.
Five countries (Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, and Sweden), with no less than 667 plants between them in 1967 (665 plants in 1966), accounted for roughly half of all the plants producing wood-based panels in Europe. According to estimates, a total of 42 new plants (14 plywood, 22 particle board, and 6 fibreboard) will have been established in Europe between 1966 and 1969.
WOOD-WOOL BOLD (CEMENT-BONDED)
There were few replies to the questions put in the questionnaire seeking data about annual production and number of plants producing wood-wool board in Europe over the period 1960, 1965, 1966 and 1967.
For only 8 countries (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Poland, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia) was it possible to obtain any information at all. Total production of these countries, excluding Switzerland where no information of annual production was given, is estimated to have amounted to some 1.2 million cubic metres in 1967 from 88 plants. With 55 plants the Federal Republic of Germany was the largest producing country and in 1967 manufactured about 840000 cubic metres of wood-wool board.
With regard to the future trend in this sector of the industry, what has happened over the past few years in the Federal Republic of Germany may serve as an indicator. Production in that country declined from around 1.0 million cubic metres in 1965 to about 840000 cubic metres in 1967, a decrease of no less than 21 percent. Yugoslavia was another country to show a substantial drop in production from 53000 cubic metres in 1965 to a meagre 16500 cubic metres in 1967. In other countries, only minor changes in production are expected to occur.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
PLYWOOD
In 1966 there were 61 plywood mills in operation in the U.S.S.R. accounting for a total production capacity of around 2.25 million cubic metres. Capacity is expected to expand by approximately 6 to 7 percent annually to a total of 2.7 million cubic metres in 1969. The planned expansion will be achieved through the establishment of 5 new mills and the modernization of existing plants, the new mills having estimated capacities of 50000 to 200000 cubic metres per annum. Apparent utilization of plywood production capacity in 1966 and 1967 was high.
TABLE 3. - U.S.S.R.: NUMBER AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF PLYWOOD MILLS, 1966
|
Capacity |
Number of mills |
|
1000 cubic metres |
|
|
Less than 10 |
6 |
|
10 to 20 |
10 |
|
21 to 30 |
10 |
|
31 to 40 |
16 |
|
41 to 50 |
6 |
|
51 to 60 |
6 |
|
61 to 70 |
3 |
|
More than 70 |
4 |
PARTICLE BOARD14
14 Including particle board based on nonwood fibrous raw materials.
Estimates are based on data given in the Russian publication Forests - National wealth of the Soviet people (1967). Particle board production began in 1958/59 with the erection of two mills with a capacity of around 16000 tons per year each, and the development of the industry has been based mainly on units of this size. Data on individual mills are lacking but it may be roughly estimated that the 45 mills operating in 1966 had an average unit capacity of about 18000 tons per year. Total production capacity may practically double over the years 1966 to 1969, with development based on 20 to 25 new units of larger capacity - 23000, 32000 and 45000 tons per year. Only flax board will be manufactured in smaller units suited to locally available supplies of raw material. Extruded-type particle board is at present produced in 9 mills with a capacity of about 8000 tons each, and three additional mills are likely to be built by the end of 1969.
FIBREBOARD
It is estimated that in 1966 there were 49 plants producing fibreboard, with a total capacity of around 650000 tons, an average of approximately 13000 tons per plant. Until 1960 the average capacity of fibreboard plants in the U.S.S.R. ranged between 8000 and 9000 tons per year but the capacity of the 30 new plants scheduled to be established during the quinquennium 1966 to 1970 are likely to have production lines in the order of 35000 to 40000 tons per year. Up to 1968, however, the average production capacity of the existing plants had not shown any appreciable increase and remained around the same level as in 1966. An indication of this is the relatively small increase - especially if compared with the increase in particle board production - which was registered by fibreboard production during the last three years (about 8 percent per year). It is for these reasons that capacity to manufacture fibreboard is likely to reach a total approaching 1 million tons by the end of 1969.
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS
In 1966 there were approximately 155 plants engaged in wood-based panel production of all types, with an estimated total production capacity of 2.9 million tons. Of this total, plywood accounted for about 50 percent, particle board around 28 percent, and fibreboard about 22 percent. Between 1966 and 1969 overall capacity to produce wood-based panels is expected to increase by a little more than two fifths to reach a total of about 4.2 million tons per year. The pattern of the industry, however, by then will have changed, plywood accounting for approximately 42 percent of the total capacity, particle board for about 35 percent and fibreboard around 23 percent.
TABLE 4. - U.S.S.R.: NUMBER OF PLANTS FOR EACH PRODUCT SECTOR, 1966 AND 1969
|
|
Estimated number of plants |
|
|
1966 |
1969 |
|
|
Plywood |
61 |
65 |
|
Particle board |
45 |
70 |
|
Fibreboard |
49 |
.. |
|
TOTAL |
155 |
.. |
North America
PLYWOOD
In 1967 there were 49 plywood mills in Canada and 367 in the United States of America. The total estimated production capacity of these 416 mills was about 18.4 million cubic metres, of which the United States accounted for roughly 87 percent.
It is estimated that North American production capacity for plywood will increase by about 13 percent during the period 1966 to 1969, to reach a total of something like 20 million cubic metres, in 1969. This means about 2.3 million cubic metres, more than in 1966. The relative shares of Canada and the United States in North American total plywood production, however, seem likely to remain unchanged. During the period under review the number of mills is expected to increase by 26 (4 more in Canada and 22 more in the United States) reaching a total of 436 in 1969.
Estimates of the utilization of plywood production capacity in North America in 1966 and 1967 show that Canada had a rather higher rate than the United States. The margin between estimated capacity and actual production may have amounted to something in the order of 2.6 million cubic metres in 1966 and perhaps around 3.4 million cubic metres in 1967. This is roughly 15 and 18 percent respectively of total North American estimated production capacity in 1966 and 1967.
Plywood mills in Canada and the United States are relatively large units (in 1967 averaging around 45000 to 50000 cubic metres, each).
PARTICLE BOARD
In 1967 the estimated annual particle board production capacity in North America was around 2.1 million tons of which the United States accounted for about 90 percent. At that time there were 11 mills in Canada and 57 in the United States. Particle board production capacity in North America is expected to increase more rapidly than will be the case with plywood, namely by between 45 and 50 percent over the period 1966 to 1969. Nine new mills are expected to come on stream during this period - 3 in Canada and 6 in the United States. Apparent utilization of particle board production capacity was high in both countries. At the same time, it is interesting to note that the amount of unutilized capacity apparently had roughly doubled over the years 1966 to 1967 (from about 320000 tons to about 640000 tons).
In 1967 some 11 mills (or about 20 percent of the total number of particle board mills) in the United States were using the extrusion method, and 1 mill in Canada.
According to the information available, all particle board capacity in North America is based on wood raw materials.
FIBREBOARD
Estimated fibreboard production capacity in North America in 1967 approached 3.6 million tons of which about 90 percent was located in the United States. In that year there were 17 fibreboard mills in Canada and 48 in the United States. Only in the case of the latter country, however, has it been possible to indicate the relative shares of hardboard and insulation board, though these estimates are limited to the years 1966 and 1967. In 1967 hardboard accounted for roughly half total fibreboard capacity in the United States.
Fibreboard production capacity, for North America as a whole, is expected to increase by around 9 percent between 1966 and 1969. In 1969 the region's total capacity to manufacture fibreboard seems likely to approach 3.7 million tons compared with something like 3.4 million tons in 1966. This increase of 0.3 million tons apparently will be achieved with 5 new mills (1 in Canada and 4 in the United States) bringing the total number of mills in North America in 1969 to 67. In 1967 total mill capacity in the United States averaged between 65000 and 70000 tons, and was three times larger than in (Canada (about 22000 tons).
Estimates show that the rate of utilization of fibreboard capacity in Canada in 1966 and 1967 was apparently higher than in the United States. The margin (for North America as a whole) between estimated capacity and actual production may have amounted to about 1.4 million tons in 1967, or roughly 35 to 40 percent of total regional fibreboard production capacity.
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS
In 1967 total North American capacity to produce wood-based panels was around 17.6 million tons. Of this estimated total, plywood probably accounted for a little less than 70 percent, particle board around 10 percent and fibreboard about 20 percent.
Between 1966 and 1969 total wood-based panel production capacity in North America is expected to increase by about 16 percent to reach a little more than 19 million tons. Production capacity for particle board is expected to expand by nearly 50 percent; plywood by 13 percent; and fibreboard by 9 percent.
TABLE 5. - NORTH AMERICA: NUMBER OF MILLS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PRODUCT SECTOR, 1966 AND 1969
|
|
1000 units |
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
||
|
1966 |
1969 |
1966 |
1969 |
||
|
Plywood |
m³ |
410 |
436 |
17680 |
20000 |
|
Particle board |
tons |
62 |
71 |
1650 |
2440 |
|
Fibreboard |
" |
62 |
67 |
3425 |
3725 |
|
TOTAL NORTH AMERICA |
" |
534 |
574 |
16567 |
19165 |
Latin America 15
15 Including particle board based on nonwood fibrous raw materials.
PLYWOOD
In 1967 some 17 countries in Latin America were producing plywood. Estimated annual production capacity of the 182 plywood mills (172 in 1966) located in the region was around 950000 cubic metres compared to about 850000 cubic metres, in 1966, or an increase of about 10 to 11 percent. Three countries (Argentina, Brazil and Mexico) with 141 plywood mills between them accounted for more than two thirds (about 68 percent) of the estimated capacity in 1967.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that plywood production capacity in Latin America will have increased by about 15 to 20 percent to reach a little over 1 million cubic metres and that the number of plywood mills in the region will have increased by 16 (from 172 mills to 188). No less than 13 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela, were expected to increase their production capacity for plywood. The 3 main producing countries seemed likely to account for around 77000 cubic metres (or roughly half) of the additional capacity (1969 over 1966) with 4 new mills between them.
According to estimates, the utilization of plywood production capacity in Latin America during the years 1966 and 1967 was highest in Brazil, Ecuador, Surinam, and Uruguay. On the other hand, Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Peru, and Venezuela, each showed substantial amounts of unutilized capacity which in total may perhaps have amounted to something in the order of 160000 to 170000 cubic metres, or around 60 to 65 percent of total apparent unutilized plywood production capacity (around 260000 cubic metres) for the whole of Latin America in 1967.
The average production capacity per plywood mill in the 3 main producing countries in 1967 averaged no more than 3000 cubic metres (44 mills) in Argentina; 5000 cubic metres (82 mills) in Brazil; and 8000 cubic metres (15 mills) in Mexico. Much higher average capacities per plywood mill were recorded elsewhere in the region. The highest was in Nicaragua (22000 cubic metres), followed by Surinam (20000 cubic metres), Colombia and Costa Rica (18000 cubic metres each), and Ecuador (10000 cubic metres).
PARTICLE BOARD16
16 Countries which completed and returned the questionnaire were: Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico.
In 1967 some 15 Latin American countries were producing particle board. Estimated production capacity of the 40 mills (32 in 1966) was around 375000 tons compared to about 245000 tons in 1966, or an increase of about 50 percent. Four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela) with 16 mills between them in 1966 accounted for nearly three fifths of the estimated capacity, and with 23 mills for more than two thirds of the estimated capacity in 1967.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that Latin American capacity to manufacture particle board will have increased almost one and a half times and that it will have reached around 590000 tons by 1969. By that time the number of producing countries in the region is expected to have increased to 19 (additional countries being Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Panama and Paraguay), and the number of plants to 51. Each of the 4 main producing countries predicts a substantial increase in estimated capacity for 1969 compared to 1966 - Argentina (by 31000 tons); Mexico (by 72000 tons); and Venezuela (by 19000 tons). But the most remarkable increase of all is apparent in the case of Brazil where particle board production capacity is expected to leap from a mere 8000 tons in 1966 to no less than 180000 tons by 1969. New plants scheduled to come into operation during 1969 are reported for Brazil (2), Ecuador and Panama (1 each).
According to estimates, apparent utilization of particle board capacity in 1967 was highest in Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. Substantial amounts of unutilized capacity were evident particularly, however, in Argentina, Mexico, and Venezuela, in total perhaps amounting to something in the order of 160000 tons, or about 80 percent of apparent unutilized particle board capacity in 1967 in the Latin American region as a whole.
Particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials
Argentina reported one plant utilizing a substantial quantity of flax strives. Cuba, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, and Venezuela each reported having a particle board plant operating on bagasse. The Guadeloupe plant started up in mid-1967 and the plant in Jamaica in mid-1968. Puerto Rico reported an experimental particle board plant to utilize bagasse but indicated that this had been closed down. The one plant in the Dominican Republic, although closed down, is also based on bagasse.
According to the best information available, it is estimated that in 1967 something like 45000 to 50000 tons of Latin American particle board production capacity were based on bagasse and perhaps accounted for somewhere between 10 and 15 percent of the region's estimated overall particle board production capacity.
Extrusion process
Three countries (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) each reported a particle board plant using the extrusion method. Colombia also has a particle board plant equipped to use this method but it was closed down before 1966.
The plant in the Dominican Republic is also fitted out with extrusion equipment, and the small plant in Puerto Rico is reported to be of similar design.
FIBREBOARD
In 1966 and 1967, 8 Latin American countries were producing fibreboard. Estimated capacity of the 12 plants located in these countries was about 220000 tons in 1967 compared to about 210000 tons (from the same 12 plants) in 1966. In 1967 hardboard accounted for about 140000 to 150000 tons (approximately 65 percent of estimated total capacity).
Brazil alone, with 2 plants, accounted for no less than about 45 percent of total fibreboard capacity in Latin America in 1967 (about 43 percent in 1966) and for something like two thirds of Latin American hardboard capacity and about three fifths of the region's capacity to produce insulation board.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that Latin American production capacity to manufacture fibreboard will show an increase of about 35 to 40 percent to reach a total of approximately 290000 tons (hardboard 210000 tons, insulation board 80000 tons; i.e., 72 and 28 percent respectively). The whole of this increase will be in hardboard capacity and almost entirely in Brazil (an additional 72000 tons 1969 over 1966).
Apparent utilization of fibreboard capacity in 1966 and 1967 was highest in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, but particularly weak in Venezuela and Uruguay. Total unutilized fibreboard capacity for the whole region in 1967 amounted perhaps to something in the order of 50000 tons.
Average production capacity per fibreboard plant in 1967 was highest in Brazil (50000 tons), followed by Mexico (29000 tons), Argentina (23000 tons), Chile (21000 tons), Venezuela (15000 tons) and Colombia (12000 tons).
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS17
17 Including particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials.
Seventeen countries were producing plywood in Latin America in 1967, 15 were producing particle board and 8 fibreboard. With a total of 234 mills between them these countries accounted for an overall estimated production capacity for all wood-based panels of around 1.2 million tons. Plywood accounted for roughly half this total and particle board and fibreboard for about 30 percent and 20 percent respectively. Four countries alone (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela) accounted for no less than seven tenths of the Latin American regional total.
Between 1966 and 1969 the overall increase in production capacity for all wood-based panels in Latin America is likely to be about 50 percent. Production capacity for particle board (in 1969 about two and a half times higher than in 1966) would show the greatest increase, followed by fibreboard (35 to 40 percent higher) and then plywood (15 to 20 percent higher). By 1969 Latin American production capacity for particle board is likely to account for around 38 percent of the total for all wood-based panels, with plywood and fibreboard accounting for 43 percent and 19 percent respectively. Corresponding figures in 1966 were particle board about 25 percent; plywood 55 percent; and fibreboard 20 percent.
Four countries alone (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela) appear likely to account for four fifths of the estimated increase in total production capacity for wood-based panels over the period 1966 to 1969. With no less than 179 plants between them (168 plants in 1966) these same 4 countries in 1967 accounted for roughly three quarters of all the plants producing wood-based panels in Latin America.
TABLE 6. - LATIN AMERICA: NUMBER OF MIRES AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PRODUCT SECTOR. 1966 AND 1969
|
|
1000 units |
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
||
|
1966 |
1969 |
1966 |
1969 |
||
|
Plywood |
m³ |
172 |
188 |
854 |
1010 |
|
Particle board |
tons |
32 |
51 |
246 |
588 |
|
Fibreboard |
" |
12 |
13 |
211 |
289 |
|
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA |
" |
216 |
252 |
1012 |
1533 |
It is estimated that 36 new plants (16 plywood, 19 particle board and 1 fibreboard) will have been established in Latin America between 1966 and 1969, of which 23 are expected to be accounted for by the 4 main producing countries of Argentina (4), Brazil (8), Mexico (6), and Venezuela (5).
WOOD-WOOL BOARD (CEMENT-BONDED)
Although the manufacture of wood-wool board is believed to be taking place in several Latin American countries, only two countries in the region reported actual production. These were Chile and Guatemala with 2500 and 4000 cubic metres respectively in 1967.
Africa 18
18 Official returns were received for: Algeria, Angola Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, the Gambia, Ghana Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Republic Upper Volta, and Zambia.
VENEER
The African region has a flourishing export-oriented veneer industry with an estimated production capacity exceeding that for plywood. No less than three quarters of estimated capacity in 1967 was concentrated in 3 countries: approximate figures are Congo (Brazzaville) 100000, the Democratic Republic of the Congo 84000, and Ivory Coast 51000 cubic metres.
PLYWOOD
In 1967, 16 countries in the African region were producing plywood, but for 2 of these (South Africa and Rhodesia) no recent capacity data are available. However, in the case of South Africa production data have been substituted for capacity data in the summary tables. Some 37 mills were operating in 15 countries (excluding Rhodesia) in 1967 (33 in 1966), with an estimated annual production capacity of about 300000 cubic metres (about 265000 cubic metres in 1966), and plywood capacity is expected to approach 350000 cubic metres per year by the end of 1969 (an increase of about 30 percent on the total in 1966). In the same period the number of mills in production is expected to increase to 41, though the average capacity appears likely to remain at around 8000 to 10000 cubic metres per year.
Much of the production capacity is concentrated in 6 countries of western equatorial Africa where peeler log supplies are relatively abundant (Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Nigeria). The capacity of the 16 mills in these 6 countries amounted in 1967 to rather more than 200000 cubic metres, or approximately 70 percent of the total for Africa as a whole. The highest country capacity (75000 cubic metres annually) is recorded in Gabon, which has the largest plywood mill in Africa, followed by Nigeria (41000 cubic metres) and Ghana (35000 cubic metres). South Africa recorded production of 40000 cubic metres with 7 mills in 1967.
The size of the average African plywood mill suggests that a good number are of an obsolete type and are unlikely to be capable of any large increase in production. Much of the unused capacity can be accounted for by the running in of new mills in Ghana and Nigeria. Between 1966 and 1969 it is expected that 8 more plywood mills will have been installed, which together may add 80000 cubic metres of capacity to the African regional total.
PARTICLE BOABD19
19 Including particle board based on nonwood fibrous raw material.
In 1967 there were 15 particle board mills in 11 African countries, of which 2 (in the United Arab Republic and La Reunion) used bagasse as raw material, and 1 used flax strives (in the United Arab Republic). A small mill in Guinea is also reported to be using stems from the cinchona (quinine) plant. Between 1966 and 1969 productive capacity is expected to have increased by about 60 percent from approximately 75000 to 120000 tons. Data on extrusion plants are lacking but the one formerly operating in Swaziland is said to have closed down. The African market for particle board is as yet very small, and this is reflected in the low apparent utilization of existing production capacity. In 1969 Tanzania is likely to become a new particle board producing country, and a second plant may also be established in Ethiopia.
FIBREBOARD
At present South Africa is the only producer of fibreboard in the African region, with a static annual capacity of around 125000 metric tons from 2 mills. It is expected that by end 1969, 1 new mill (capacity about 3000 tons) will be in operation in Ethiopia.20
20 It is also reported that a new mill is scheduled for erection in Morocco during 1969.
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS21
21 Including particle board based on nonwood fibrous raw materials.
In 1967 there were 8 countries producing wood-based panels, with a total productive capacity of about 43000 tons per year. This represents about 1200 tons per million population, as compared with 25000 tons per million in Europe, and indicates how little the domestic market has so far developed. Of the total African capacity, plywood accounted in 1967 for about 45 percent, particle board about 25 percent and fibreboard (all in South Africa) for about 30 percent. Six countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, and the United Arab Republic) together accounted for approximately four fifths of the estimated capacity at that time.
In the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that production capacity of all wood-based panels in Africa will increase by about one third. Particle board is expected to show a capacity increase of around 60 percent, followed by plywood (about 30 percent), with fibreboard showing little change.
TABLE 7. - AFRICA: NUMBER OF MILTS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PRODUCT SECTOR, 1966 AND 1969
|
|
1000 units |
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
||
|
1966 |
1969 |
1966 |
1969 |
||
|
Plywood |
m³ |
33 |
41 |
267 |
374 |
|
Particle board |
tons |
11 |
18 |
76 |
121 |
|
Fibreboard |
" |
2 |
4 |
126 |
130 |
|
TOTAL AFRICA |
" |
46 |
63 |
375 |
477 |
22 Countries which completed and returned the questionnaire were: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Burma, Ceylon, China (Taiwan), Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, and Thailand.
PLYWOOD
In 1967, 21 countries in Asia and the Far East were producing plywood. Estimated annual production capacity of the 440 plywood mills (425 in 1966) located throughout the countries of the region was around 7.3 million cubic metres compared to about 6.3 million cubic metres in 1966, or an increase of some 16 percent. Four countries - China (Taiwan), Japan, Republic of Korea, and the Philippines with 317 plywood mills between them accounted for more than nine tenths of the capacity in 1967.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that plywood production capacity in Asia and the Far East will have increased by about two fifths to reach nearly 9 million cubic metres and that the number of plywood mills in the region will have increased by 38 (from 425 mills to 463). No less than 10 countries - China (Taiwan), Hong Kong, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Syria, and Thailand, were expected to increase their production capacity for plywood. The 4 main producing countries seemed likely to account for around 2.5 million cubic metres (or more than 90 percent) of the additional capacity (1969 over 1966) with 32 new mills between them.
It is estimated that percentage utilization of plywood capacity in 1967 was highest in Israel, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. On the other hand, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and China (Taiwan) each showed substantial amounts of unutilized capacity which in total may perhaps have amounted to approximately 800000 cubic metres, or four fifths of total apparent unutilized plywood production capacity for the whole of Asia and the Far East in 1967.
The production capacity per plywood mill in the 4 main producing countries in 1967 apparently averaged 18000 cubic metres (260 mills) in Japan, 89000 cubic metres (7 mills) in the Republic of Korea, 33000 cubic metres (26 mills) in the Philippines, and 20000 cubic metres (24 mills) in China (Taiwan). Other countries with high average production capacity were the Ryukyu Islands, 50000 cubic metres (2 mills), and Israel 22000 cubic metres (5 mills).
PARTICLE BOARD21
21 Including particle board based on nonwood fibrous raw materials.
In 1967, 14 countries in Asia and the Far East were producing particle board. Estimated production capacity of the 50 mills (47 in 1966) was approximately 360000 tons compared to about 320000 tons in 1966, or an increase of some 10 to 12 percent. Four countries - India, Israel, China (Taiwan) and Japan with 30 mills between them in 1966 and 33 mills in 1967 accounted for roughly three quarters of the estimated capacity.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that regional capacity to manufacture particle board will increase by 25 percent and by 1969 will have reached about 400000 tons. By that time the number of producing countries in the region is expected to have increased to 15 (with Syria) and the number of plants to 54, that is, 7 more particle board plants than were in operation in Asia and the Far East in 1966. Only 3 of the 4 main producing countries predict a discernible increase in estimated capacity for 1969 compared to 1966 - India (by 20000 tons), Israel (by 12000 tons), and Japan (by only 5000 tons). In the case of Iran, on the other hand, estimated production capacity to manufacture particle board is expected to show a threefold increase from 8500 tons in 1966 to over 28000 tons by 1969.
Apparent utilization of particle board capacity in 1967 was highest in China (Taiwan) and Thailand. Substantial amounts of unutilized capacity were evident, however, particularly in India and the Republic of Korea, perhaps in total amounting to roughly 40000 to 45000 tons or about three quarters of apparent unutilized particle board capacity in 1967 for the Asia and Far East region as a whole.
Particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials
China (Taiwan) and the Ryukyu Islands each reported having a particle board plant operating on bagasse. Iran reported one plant based on cotton stalks23 and one on palm fibre in 1968/69. According to the best information available, it is estimated that something like 35000 to 40000 tons of particle board production capacity are based on bagasse and this, with an estimated 9000 tons based on jute sticks (Pakistan), probably accounted for about 10 percent of the region's overall estimated capacity to manufacture particle board in 1968/69.
23 Commenced operation July 1968.
Extrusion process
Three countries (India, Japan, and the Republic of Viet-Nam) each reported a particle board plant using the extrusion method.
FIBREBOARD
In 1966 and 1967, 9 countries of Asia and the Far East were producing fibreboard. Estimated capacity of the 47 plants located in these countries amounted to rather more than half a million tons in 1967 and a little less than this from 46 plants in 1966. Hardboard accounted for around 350000 tons or about two thirds of the estimated total capacity.
Japan alone with 31 plants accounted for roughly two thirds of total fibreboard capacity in Asia and the Far East in 1967, and in 1966 with around three fifths of the region's hardboard capacity and about three quarters of its insulation board capacity.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that the capacity of Asia and the Far East to manufacture fibreboard will show about a 30 percent increase to reach a total approaching 650000 tons (hardboard 470000 tons and insulation board 170000 tons; i.e., about 75 percent and 25 percent respectively). Most of the total fibreboard increase will be in hardboard capacity, especially in Japan with an additional 50000 tons of hardboard.
Apparent utilization of fibreboard capacity was highest in the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and probably Japan. Total unutilized fibreboard capacity for the whole region perhaps amounted in 1967 to some 120000 tons.
Average production capacity per fibreboard plant in 1967 was highest in the Philippines (29000 metric tons), followed by Israel 24000, India 14000, Japan 11000, China (Taiwan) and the Republic of Korea 7000 tons each.
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS24
24 including particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials.
Some 21 countries were producing plywood in Asia and the Far East in 1967, with 14 producing particle board and 9 fibreboard. With a total of 537 mills between them these countries accounted for an overall estimated production capacity for all wood-based panels of around 5.6 million metric tons. Plywood accounted for more than four fifths (around 85 percent) of this total and particle board and fibreboard for some 6 percent and 9 percent respectively. Four countries alone - China (Taiwan), Japan, Republic of Korea, and the Philippines - accounted for approximately nine tenths of the Asia and Far East regional total.
Between 1966 and 1969 the overall increase in production capacity for all wood-based panels in Asia and the Far East is likely to be 40 percent. Production capacity for plywood would show the greatest increase (about 40 percent) followed by fibreboard (30 percent) and then particle board (around 25 percent). So far as product shares are concerned, the situation by 1969 with regard to production capacity in Asia and the Far East seems likely to be very similar to what it was in 1967, with plywood accounting for around 85 percent of the total and particle board and fibreboard for about 6 and 9 percent respectively. Correspondingly figures in 1966 were plywood 83, fibreboard 10, and particle board 7 percent.
Four countries alone - China (Taiwan), Japan, Republic of Korea, Philippines - i.e., the same as those which had the highest capacity, appear likely to account for no less than 90 percent of the estimated increase in total production capacity for wood-based panels over the period 1966 to 1969. With some 379 plants between them (367 plants in 1966) these same 4 countries in 1967 also accounted for roughly nine tenths of all the plants producing wood-based panels in Asia and the Far East.
TABLE 8. - ASIA AND THE FAR EAST: NUMBER OF MILLS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PRODUCT SECTOR, 1966 AND 1969
|
|
1000 units |
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
||
|
1966 |
1969 |
1966 |
1969 |
||
|
Plywood |
m³ |
425 |
463 |
6300 |
8900 |
|
Particle board |
tons |
47 |
54 |
320 |
400 |
|
Fibreboard |
" |
46 |
50 |
495 |
640 |
|
TOTAL ASIA AND FAR EAST |
" |
518 |
567 |
4915 |
6820 |
According to the estimates given, 49 new plants (38 plywood, 7 particle board, and 4 fibreboard) will have been established in Asia and the Far East between 1966 and 1969. At least 26 of these new installations are expected to be accounted for by Japan alone.
WOOD-WOOL BOARD (CEMENT-BONDED)
Although the manufacture of wood-wool board is believed to be taking place in several countries of Asia and the Far East, only 4 countries in the region reported actual production. These were Japan 370000, China (Taiwan) 39000, Malaysia and Thailand each 2000 cubic metres in 1967.
Oceania25
25 Official returns were received from: Australia and New Zealand, and for the Territories of Papua and New Guinea.
PLYWOOD
There were 87 plywood mills in the Oceania region in 1967 with an estimated total production capacity of around 205000 cubic metres, compared to 94 mills in 1966 with a capacity of about 215000 cubic metres. Of these, 73 were in Australia (total estimated capacity around 150000 cubic metres), 13 in New Zealand (total estimated capacity around 43000 cubic metres) and 1 in New Guinea (13000 cubic metres). After the slight drop in capacity over 1966 to 1967 no further change is expected in the years 1967 to 1969. The apparent average mill capacity of approximately 2000 cubic metres in Australia and 3000 cubic metres in New Zealand and a relatively high amount of unutilized capacity suggests that the industry may include a number of small and perhaps obsolete units in addition to modern and highly productive plant installed in recent years.
PARTICLE BOARD26
26 There is no reported utilization of nonwood fibrous raw materials for particle board manufacture. On the other hand, fibreboard (insulation board) is being made from bagasse in Australia.
Particle board production capacity in Oceania over the period 1966 to 1969 is expected to increase from about 115000 to 200000 tons, an expansion of 70 percent. In 1967 there were 11 mills in operation with an estimated annual capacity of some 135000 tons, as compared with 9 mills in 1966 with a capacity of 115000 tons. Mill capacity averages around 14000 tons in Australia27 and 7000 tons in New Zealand. The estimated increase of some 60000 to 65000 tons of annual capacity between 1967 and the end of 1969 will, it appears, be achieved with the addition of only one new mill, in New Zealand.
27 One mill (capacity around 8000 tons) in Australia uses the extrusion process.
FIBREBOARD26
26 There is no reported utilization of nonwood fibrous raw materials for particle board manufacture. On the other hand, fibreboard (insulation board) is being made from bagasse in Australia.
The 6 mills in Australia in 1966, and 1 in New Zealand, accounted for Oceania's total estimated fibreboard capacity of around 240000 tons. No changes are expected during the period under review, hardboard production capacity being expected to remain at approximately 210000 tons per year (88 percent) and insulation board about 30000 tons (12 percent).
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS28
28 Including fibreboard from nonwood fibrous raw materials
In 1967 the total annual capacity of the 105 mills in the three producing countries amounted to rather more than half a million metric tons (a little less than this from 110 mills in 1966) of wood-based panels of all types. In the remaining 2 years 1968/69 it is estimated that production capacity will increase to a total of some 570000 tons. This increase is entirely accounted for by particle board, the production capacities of plywood and fibreboard being expected to remain more or less constant throughout the period.
World29
29 Excluding China (Mainland).
PLYWOOD
Table 9 summarises, by region, the number of plywood producing countries in the world in 1967.
The estimated annual plywood production capacity from 2100 mills in these 84 countries in 1967 was about 33.5 million cubic metres compared to 31.5 million cubic metres (from about 2050 mills) in 1966. North America accounted for more than half (and the United States alone for around 48 percent) of world total estimated plywood production capacity at that time.
TABLE 9. - WORLD: NUMBER OF PLYWOOD PRODUCING COUNTRIES, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
Number of countries |
|
Europe |
24 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
1 |
|
North America |
2 |
|
Latin America |
17 |
|
Africa |
16 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
21 |
|
Oceania |
3 |
|
WORLD |
84 |
Table 10 shows the relative shares of the various regions of the world in total estimated plywood production in 1967:
TABLE 10. - WORLD: RELATIVE SHARES IN PLYWOOD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
World total |
|
Percent |
|
|
Europe |
12 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
7 |
|
North America |
55 |
|
Latin America |
3 |
|
Africa |
1 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
22 |
|
Oceania |
1 |
|
WORLD |
100 |
Asia and the Far East accounted for rather more than one fifth of the estimated world total plywood production capacity. But this was largely due to the high production capacity for plywood in Japan, which in 1967 accounted for about 14 percent of the estimated world total.
Table 11 illustrates estimated production capacity for plywood in the 6 leading producing countries of the world over the period 1966 to 1969:
TABLE 11. - WORLD: PLYWOOD PRODUCTION CAPACITIES IN THE SIX BEADING PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 1966-69
|
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
1000 cubic metres |
||||
|
United States |
15400 |
16000 |
16800 |
17500 |
|
Japan |
3930 |
4740 |
5640 |
5840 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
2250 |
2375 |
2525 |
2700 |
|
Canada |
2280 |
2370 |
2430 |
2500 |
|
Finland |
700 |
770 |
818 |
850 |
|
Germany, Fed. Rep. of. |
635 |
585 |
620 |
620 |
|
TOTAL, 6 COUNTRIES |
25195 |
26840 |
28833 |
30010 |
|
Index, 1966=100 |
100 |
107 |
114 |
119 |
The data clearly show the United States to be the world's outstanding plywood producer. Production capacity in that country, in fact, was roughly three times greater than in Japan, the world's second largest producing country, which in turn showed roughly twice as much capacity to manufacture plywood as did the U.S.S.R. and Canada. Finland ranked as the world's fifth largest producer, followed by the Federal Republic of Germany.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that world capacity to manufacture plywood will have increased by around 20 percent, or at an average annual increase of about 6 percent. The average annual increase by individual regions is shown in Table 12.
TABLE 12. - WORLD: AVERAGE ANNUAL INCREASE IN PLYWOOD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, 1966-69
|
|
Average annual increase |
|
Percent |
|
|
Europe |
3 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
6 |
|
North America |
4 |
|
Latin America |
6 |
|
Africa |
9 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
12 |
|
Oceania |
-2 |
|
WORLD |
6 |
According to estimates, Europe, the U.S.S.R. and North America showed the highest rates of plywood production capacity utilization in 1966 and 1967. On the other hand, North America, and Asia and the Far East each showed particularly high amounts of unutilized capacity. In overall terms the margin between estimated capacity and actual production may perhaps have amounted to approximately 5.6 million cubic metres in 1966 and 7.4 million cubic metres, in 1967. Although these "margins" appear to be, and in fact are, very high, nevertheless they represent no more than about 18 percent and 22 percent respectively of total estimated world production capacity in 1966 and 1967.
PARTICLE BOARD 30
30 Including particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials.
Estimated annual production capacity of the 592 mills in 1967 was about 9.6 million tons compared to about 8.3 million tons with 562 mills in 1966. This corresponded to an overall increase of about 17 percent.
The number of countries producing particle board in 1967 by individual regions is shown in Table 13.
TABLE 13. - WORLD: NUMBER OF PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCING COUNTRIES, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
Number of countries |
|
Europe |
24 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
1 |
|
North America |
2 |
|
Latin America |
15 |
|
Africa |
11 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
14 |
|
Oceania |
2 |
|
WORLD |
69 |
Table 14 gives the relative shares of various regions of the world in total estimated capacity to manufacture particle board in 1967.
TABLE 14. WORLD: RELATIVE SHARES IN PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
World total |
|
Percent |
|
|
Europe |
58 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
10 |
|
North America |
22 |
|
Latin America |
4 |
|
Africa |
1 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
4 |
|
Oceania |
1 |
|
WORLD |
100 |
The above data show that nearly three fifths of world particle board production capacity in 1967 was located in Europe. North America accounted for a little over one fifth, and the U.S.S.R. for some 10 percent.
The 6 leading particle board producing countries with their respective estimated annual production capacities are shown in Table 15.
TABLE 15. - WORLD: PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITIES IN THE SIX LEADING PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 1966-69
|
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
1000 tons |
||||
|
United States |
1500 |
1900 |
2100 |
2200 |
|
Germany, Fed. Rep. of |
1350 |
1500 |
1680 |
1920 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
800 |
1000 |
1220 |
1460 |
|
France |
525 |
596 |
582 |
710 |
|
Italy |
378 |
450 |
450 |
480 |
|
Belgium |
340 |
345 |
350 |
350 |
|
TOTAL, 6 COUNTRIES |
4893 |
5791 |
6382 |
7120 |
|
Index, 1966=100 |
100 |
118 |
130 |
146 |
This shows the United States to be somewhat ahead of the Federal Republic of Germany in terms of capacity to manufacture particle board, and then the U.S.S.R. Both the first 2 countries seem likely to have production capacities around the 2 million tons mark in 1969, the United States accounting for a little more than this amount and the Federal Republic of Germany a little less. Capacity in the U.S.S.R. (with the world's third largest capacity to manufacture particle board) was roughly twice as large as that in France, whose production capacity is expected by 1969 to be considerably greater than that in Italy, with the world's fifth largest production capacity, and Belgium, the sixth largest capacity.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that world capacity to manufacture particle board will have increased by around 45 percent, or at an annual rate of about 13 percent. The average annual increase for the individual regions is estimated to be approximately as follows:
TABLE 16. - WORLD: AVERAGE ANNUAL INCREASE IN PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, 1966-69
|
|
World total |
|
Percent |
|
|
Europe |
10 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
22 |
|
North America |
14 |
|
Latin America |
34 |
|
Africa |
17 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
8 |
|
Oceania |
19 |
|
WORLD |
13 |
Europe, the U.S.S.R., Oceania and North America each showed high rates of particle board production capacity utilization in 1966 and 1967 though a lower rate of utilization was evident in North America in 1967 compared to 1966. Much lower rates of capacity utilization (over the years 1966 and 1967) were evident in Asia and the Far East, and particularly in Latin America and Africa. The margin between estimated capacity and annual production may have amounted to about 1.6 million tons in 1966 and 2.2 million tons in 1967. This was roughly 19 percent and 23 percent of total world estimated production capacity in 1966 and 1967.
Particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials
In 1967, 5 countries in Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary and Poland) each reported substantial particle board production based on flax, in total accounting for about half a million tons capacity. Czechoslovakia and Greece each reported about 10000 tons of capacity based on flax in 1967, and Greece also indicated the use of maize stalks. Flax is being used for the manufacture of particle board in the U.S.S.R. but no estimates are available to indicate flax-based capacity. In the case of North America there was no reported utilization at all of nonwood fibrous raw materials for the production of particle board.
One country in Latin America reported the use of flax strives and 4 countries in the region each reported one plant producing particle board from bagasse. According to the available information between 45000 and 50000 tons of particle board capacity were based on bagasse in 1967, or around 10 to 15 percent of overall regional capacity to produce particle board.
Two countries in the African region (La Reunion and the United Arab Republic) each have one mill based on bagasse; one of these countries (the United Arab Republic) also reported a mill based on flax, and one country (Guinea) has a mill apparently utilizing stems from the cinchona plant. Between 45000 and 50000 tons of particle board production in the capacity were based on nonwood fibrous raw materials, according to statistics to hand.
Two countries in Asia and the Far East, China (Taiwan) and the Ryukyu Islands, each reported one plant utilizing bagasse. Another country (Iran) in the region reported the start-up in 1968 of a mill based on cotton stalks and one on palm fibre. Available estimates are that roughly 35000 to 40000 tons of production capacity in the region were based on bagasse and a further 9000 tons were based on jute sticks (Pakistan). In terms of the region's overall estimated capacity to manufacture particle board in 1968/69, approximately 10 percent was accounted for by nonwood fibrous raw materials.
There was no reported utilization of nonwood fibrous raw materials for particle board in Oceania.
For the world as a whole some 20 countries apparently were utilizing nonwood fibrous raw materials for the manufacture of particle board. The total estimated production capacity based on such materials in 1967 amounted to approximately 650000 tons. Details are shown in Table 17.
TABLE 17. - WORLD: PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITY UTILIZING NONWOOD FIBRES, BY REGION, 1967
|
|
Bagasse |
Flax |
Other |
Total |
|
1000 tons |
||||
|
Europe |
- |
490 |
20 |
510 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
- |
.. |
- |
.. |
|
North America |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Latin America |
45-50 |
.. |
- |
50 |
|
Africa |
30 |
8 |
12 |
50 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
35-40 |
- |
9 |
45 |
|
Oceania |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
WORLD |
110-120 |
500 |
41 |
650 |
Extrusion process
In 1967 there were some 32 plants (of which 10 in the Federal Republic of Germany) in 16 countries of Europe with an estimated production capacity of about 370000 tons (plus an unknown amount of capacity from 3 of these plants). At that time roughly 400000 tons or about 7 percent of total European capacity to manufacture particle board was based on the extrusion method.
Nine mills using the extrusion method each with a capacity of 8000 tons per year were said to be in operation in the U.S.S.R. in 1967, accounting for a total of about 70000 tons; 3 additional units are said to be likely by the end of 1969.
North America is reported to have 12 mills, 11 of which are located in the United States and 1 in Canada.
In the Latin American region, 3 countries each reported one particle board plant using the extrusion method. One mill in another country in the region closed down before 1966. Total estimated capacity of the 3 operational plants is probably about 25000 tons.
Data on extrusion plants in Africa are lacking. Only one plant has apparently been in operation (in Swaziland) but this is said to have shut down.
Three countries in Asia and the Far East each reported a plant using the extrusion method but details are not available.
Table 18 shows the number of mills and estimated production capacity for each of the regions of the world in 1967:
TABLE 18. - WORLD: NUMBER AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF PLANTS USING EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR PARTICLE BOARD MANUFACTURE, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
|
1000 tons |
||
|
Europe |
32 |
370 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
9 |
70 |
|
North America |
12 |
85 |
|
Latin America |
3 |
25 |
|
Africa |
- |
- |
|
Asia and the Far East |
3 |
25 |
|
Oceania |
1 |
8 |
|
WORLD |
60 |
580 |
FIBREBOARD
The number of countries producing fibreboard in individual regions of the world in 1967 are shown in Table 19.
Estimated capacity of the 282 plants in 1967 was approximately 8.5 million metric tons compared to about 8.2 million metric tons from 277 plants in 1966. In 1967 hardboard accounted for around 5.5 million tons, or about 65 percent of estimated total capacity.
TABLE 19. - WORLD: NUMBER OF FIBREBOARD
PRODUCING COUNTRIES, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
Number of countries |
|
Europe |
23 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
1 |
|
North America |
2 |
|
Latin America |
8 |
|
Africa |
1 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
9 |
|
Oceania |
2 |
|
WORLD |
46 |
The relative shares by individual region of total estimated production capacity to manufacture fibreboard in 1967 are shown in Table 20.
TABLE 20. - WORLD: RELATIVE SHARES IN FIBREBOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
World total |
|
Percent |
|
|
Europe |
37 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
8 |
|
North America |
42 |
|
Latin America |
3 |
|
Africa |
2 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
6 |
|
Oceania |
3 |
|
WORLD |
100 |
From Table 20 it will be seen that Europe and North America between them accounted for something approaching four fifths of the world total.
The estimated capacities of the 6 leading fibreboard producing countries from 1966 to 1969 are given in Table 21.
TABLE 21. - WORLD: ESTIMATED FIBREBOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITIES IN THE SIX LEADING PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 1966-69
|
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
1000 tons |
||||
|
United States |
3100 |
3200 |
3280 |
3350 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
640 |
720 |
820 |
950 |
|
Sweden |
700 |
710 |
725 |
750 |
|
Japan |
320 |
330 |
340 |
390 |
|
Canada |
325 |
375 |
375 |
375 |
|
Germany, Fed. Rep. of. |
365 |
365 |
365 |
365 |
|
TOTAL, 6 COUNTRIES |
5450 |
5700 |
5905 |
6180 |
|
Index, 1966=100 |
100 |
105 |
109 |
114 |
This clearly shows the United States to be the world's outstanding producer of fibreboard. Production capacity in that country in 1969 is expected to be three and a half times greater than it will be in the U.S.S.R., the world's second largest producer, and about four and a half times greater than it was (throughout the period 1966 to 1969) in Sweden. It was also almost nine times larger than the production capacity in Japan and in Canada, roughly equal as the world's fourth largest producers (in 1969), followed by the Federal Republic of Germany.
Over the period 1966 to 1969 it is estimated that world capacity to manufacture fibreboard will have increased by about 15 percent, corresponding to an average annual increase of about 5 percent.
TABLE 22. - WORLD: AVERAGE ANNUAL INCREASE IN FIBREBOARD PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, 1966-69
|
|
Percent |
|
Europe |
4 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
14 |
|
North America |
3 |
|
Latin America |
11 |
|
Africa |
1 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
9 |
|
Oceania |
0 |
|
WORLD |
5 |
Europe, the U.S.S.R. and Oceania each showed high rates of fibreboard production capacity utilization in 1966 and 1967. The rate in Asia and the Far East was somewhat lower and a good deal lower still, apparently, in North America. Latin America and Africa showed even lower rates. The margin between production capacity and actual production amounted to approximately 2 million tons in 1966 and roughly 2.4 million tons in 1967. This was about 24 percent in 1966 and 28 percent in 1967 of the world total fibreboard production capacity.
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS31
31 Including particle board from nonwood fibrous raw materials.
In 1967, 84 countries in the world were producing plywood, 69 were producing particle board, and 46 fibreboard. With a total of some 2970 mills between them these countries accounted for an average estimated production capacity for all wood-based panels of around 40 million tons per year. Plywood accounted for slightly more than half of this total and particle board and fibreboard for about one quarter and one fifth respectively.
The percentage shares of plywood, particle board, and fibreboard in total world capacity to manufacture all wood-based panels are given in Table 23.
TABLE 23. - WORLD: PERCENTAGE SHARES OF PLYWOOD, PARTICLE BOARD AND FIBREBOARD IN TOTAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
Plywood |
Particleboard |
Fibreboard |
Total |
|
Percent |
||||
|
Europe |
22 |
50 |
28 |
100 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
47 |
31 |
22 |
100 |
|
North America |
68 |
12 |
20 |
100 |
|
Latin America |
51 |
31 |
18 |
100 |
|
Africa |
46 |
25 |
29 |
100 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
85 |
6 |
9 |
100 |
|
(of which Japan) |
(86) |
(5) |
(9) |
(100) |
|
Oceania |
26 |
27 |
47 |
100 |
|
WORLD |
55 |
24 |
21 |
100 |
It is interesting to note that in most regions of the world, plywood represents by far the major portion of total capacity. Plywood's share was as much as 47 percent in the U.S.S.R. and no less than 85 percent in Asia and the Far East. In Europe, however, half of the total wood-based panel production capacity is comprised of capacity to manufacture particle board. The remarkably high proportion of plywood capacity in the case of Asia and the Far East on the other hand is, as Table 23 clearly shows, due to the dominant position of Japan in Asia and the Far East regional capacity to manufacture plywood.
Oceania is the only region where fibreboard capacity apparently represents almost half of the total wood-based panel production capacity and the only region where plywood and particle board roughly share the other half between them.
By 1969 world capacity to manufacture plywood is likely to account for about 53 percent (about 56 percent in 1966) of the total for all wood-based panels, with particle board around 26 percent (about 22 percent in 1966) and fibreboard 22 percent (roughly the same as in 1966).
Between 1966 and 1969, according to the estimates given, the overall increase in world production capacity for all wood-based panels is likely to be roughly 20 to 25 percent. Production capacity for particle board will show the greatest increase, about 45 percent more in 1969 than in 1966, followed by plywood (almost 20 percent higher in 1969 than in 1966) and then fibreboard (about 15 percent higher). The corresponding average annual percentage increases by region and by product are shown in Table 24.
TABLE 24. - WORLD: AVERAGE ANNUAL INCREASE IN PRODUCTION CAPACITY FOR WOOD-BASED PANELS BY REGION AND BY PRODUCT SECTOR, 1966-69
|
|
Plywood |
Particleboard |
Fibreboard |
Total |
|
Percent |
||||
|
Europe |
3 |
10 |
4 |
6 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
6 |
22 |
14 |
13 |
|
North America |
4 |
14 |
3 |
5 |
|
Latin America. |
6 |
34 |
11 |
15 |
|
Africa |
9 |
17 |
1 |
8 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
12 |
8 |
9 |
12 |
|
Oceania |
-2 |
19 |
0 |
5 |
|
WORLD |
6 |
13 |
5 |
7 |
The North American region in 1967 accounted for by far the largest share (around 45 percent) of total estimated capacity for- all wood-based panels. Europe was next with about 28 percent, followed by Asia and the Far East with about 14 percent, and the U.S.S.R. about 8 percent, as will be seen from the data given in Table 25.
TABLE 25. - WORLD: RELATIVE SHARES IN WOOD-BASED PANEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, IN 1967
|
|
World total |
|
Percent |
|
|
Europe |
28 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
8 |
|
North America |
44 |
|
Latin America |
3 |
|
Africa |
1 |
|
Asia and the Far East |
14 |
|
Oceania |
1 |
|
WORLD |
100 |
Table 26 shows the 6 leading countries in terms of total wood-based panel capacity and distribution of capacity:
TABLE 26. - WORLD: WOOD-BASED PANEL PRODUCTION CAPACITIES IN THE SIX LEADING COUNTRIES, 1966-69
|
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
1000 tons |
||||
|
United States |
14610 |
15500 |
16300 |
16925 |
|
Japan |
3041 |
3576 |
4176 |
4365 |
|
U.S.S.R. |
2905 |
3265 |
3680 |
4165 |
|
Germany, Fed. Rep. of |
2128 |
2245 |
2448 |
2688 |
|
Canada |
1957 |
2085 |
2135 |
2240 |
|
France |
1043 |
1137 |
1145 |
1316 |
|
TOTAL, 6 COUNTRIES |
25684 |
27808 |
29884 |
31690 |
|
Index, 1966=100 |
100 |
108 |
116 |
123 |
Table 26 clearly shows the outstanding position of the United States as the world's number one producer of wood-based panels. In that country in 1969 total production capacity for all wood-based panels is expected to be no less than four times higher than it will be in Japan which will have the world's second largest production capacity for all wood-based panels and where 1969 capacity is expected to be slightly ahead of the U.S.S.R. It was also roughly six times larger than capacity to manufacture all wood-based panels in the Federal Republic of Germany and eight times greater than in Canada. In turn the Federal Republic of Germany showed a production capacity for all wood-based panels roughly twice as large as that in France. the number of mills in the world and production capacity by product sector in 1966 to 1969 is shown in Table 27.
TABLE 27. - WORLD: NUMBER OF MILLS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PRODUCT SECTOR, IN 1966 AND 1969
|
|
1000 units |
Number of mills |
Estimated annual production capacity |
||
|
1966 |
1969 |
1966 |
1969 |
||
|
Plywood |
m³ |
2050 |
2151 |
31516 |
37501 |
|
Particle board |
tons |
562 |
654 |
8260 |
11858 |
|
Fibreboard |
" |
277 |
295 |
8170 |
9408 |
|
TOTAL WOOD-BASED PANELS |
" |
2889 |
3100 |
36840 |
45463 |
APPENDIX
TABLE. A1. - WORLD: WOOD BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED ANNUAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY REGION, 1966-69
NOTE: Throughout the Appendix plywood figures are converted at 650 kg/m3 and figures in tons refer to metric tons.a Excluding China (Mainland).
TABLE A2. - WORLD: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS. 1966-69
a Excluding China (Mainland).
a Production figure has been substituted for capacity figure owing to lack of information. -b Data from last recorded year has been extended owing to lack of information and is included in order to arrive at a total. -c Of which capacity based on flax, 1000 tons 260 (1966), 260 (1967), 240 (1968), 250 (1969), -d Of which capacity based on flax: in 1966-69, 41000 tons. -e Of which capacity based on flax, 1000 tons: 85 (1966), 76 (1967), 72 (1968), 70 (1969). -f Of which capacity based on hemp in 1966-6710000 tons and in 1968-69, 6000 tons. Production in one mill based on maize stalks. -g Of which capacity based on flax in 1966, 37000 tons and in 1967-69, 41000 tons. -h In arriving at this total, some production figures (rather than capacity figures) have had to be incorporated. -i In arriving at this total, some extensions of data indicated from last recorded year have had to be used. -j Of which capacity based on flax in 1966-69, 15000 tons -k Flaxboard annual production accounts for over 74000 tons. -l Of which capacity based on flax, 1000 tons.: 29 (1966), 39 (1967-68), 40 (1969). -m Original figures for plywood in metric tons converted at 500 kg per cubic metre.
TABLE B2. EUROPE: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS, 1966-69
a Veneer and plywood mills combined. -b Production based partly on flax. -c Production based partly on hemp. -d Production based partly on maize stalks,. -e Data from previous year(s) has been extended owing to lack of information and is included in order to arrive at a total. -f In arriving at this total, some extensions of data indicated for previous years have had to be used.
TABLE C1. - U.S.S.R.: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED ANNUAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 1966-69
|
|
Plywood |
Particle board |
Fibreboard |
Total, wood-based panels |
||||||||||||
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
|
1000 cubic metres |
1000 tons |
|||||||||||||||
|
U.S.S.R. |
2250 |
2375 |
2525 |
2700 |
800 |
1000 |
1220 |
1460 |
640 |
721 |
820 |
950 |
2905 |
3265 |
3680 |
4163 |
|
Index, 1966 = 100 |
100 |
106 |
112 |
120 |
100 |
125 |
153 |
183 |
100 |
112 |
128 |
148 |
100 |
112 |
126 |
143 |
TABLE C2. - U.S.S.R.: WOOD BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS, 1966-69
|
|
Plywood |
Particle board |
Fibreboard |
Total, wood-based panels |
||||||||||||
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
|
1000 cubic metres |
1000 tons |
|||||||||||||||
|
U.S.S.R. |
61 |
... |
... |
65 |
45 |
... |
... |
70 |
49 |
... |
... |
... |
155 |
... |
... |
... |
TABLE D1. - NORTH AMERICA: WOOD-BAYED PANELS, ESTIMATED ANNUAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY, 1966-69
|
|
Plywood |
Particle board |
Fibreboard |
Total, wood-based panels |
||||||||||||
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
|
1000 cubic metres |
1000 tons |
|||||||||||||||
|
Canada |
2280 |
2370 |
2430 |
2500 |
150 |
170 |
180 |
240 |
325 |
375 |
375 |
375 |
1957 |
2085 |
2135 |
2240 |
|
Unites States |
15400 |
16000 |
16800 |
17500 |
1500 |
1900 |
2100 |
2200 |
3100 |
3200 |
3280 |
3350 |
14610 |
15500 |
16300 |
16925 |
|
NORTH AMERICA |
17680 |
18370 |
19230 |
20000 |
1650 |
2070 |
2280 |
2440 |
3425 |
3575 |
3655 |
3725 |
16567 |
17585 |
18435 |
19165 |
|
Index, 1966=100 |
100 |
104 |
109 |
113 |
100 |
125 |
138 |
148 |
100 |
104 |
107 |
109 |
100 |
106 |
111 |
116 |
TABLE D2. - NORTH AMERICA: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS, 1966-69
|
|
Plywood |
Particle board |
Fibreboard |
Total, wood-based panels |
||||||||||||
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
|
1000 cubic metres |
1000 tons |
|||||||||||||||
|
Canada |
47 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
17 |
73 |
77 |
78 |
81 |
|
Unites States |
363 |
367 |
377 |
385 |
52 |
57 |
58 |
58 |
46 |
48 |
49 |
50 |
461 |
472 |
484 |
493 |
|
NORTH AMERICA |
410 |
416 |
427 |
436 |
62 |
68 |
69 |
71 |
62 |
65 |
66 |
67 |
534 |
549 |
562 |
574 |
a Production in one mill based on flax. -b Production in one mill based on bagasse. -c Combined production of insulation board and hardboard.
TABLE E2. - LATIN AMERICA: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS, 1966-69
a Production in one mill based on flax sheaves. -b Production in one mill based on bagasse. -c Combined production of insulation board and hardboard.
a Based on quinine stems. -b No information available. -c On basis six months operation during sugarcane grinding season. -d One plant based on bagasse (annual capacity 20000 tons). One plant based on flax sheaves (30 tons/day capacity) with a reported production of 877 cubic metres in 1965. -e Production figure has been substituted for capacity figure owing to lack of information. -f Data from last recorded year has been extended owing to lack of information and is included in order to arrive at a total. -g In arriving at this total, some production figures (rather than capacity figures) have had to be incorporated. -h In arriving at this total, some extensions of data indicated from last recorded year have had to be used.
TABLE F2. - AFRICA: WOOD-BASED PANELS. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS, 1966-69
For footnotes a-d see Table F1. e Two of these plants are reported to be producing only plywood, two are reported to be producing both veneer and plywood.
a Production figure has been substituted for capacity figure owing to lack of information. -b Data from last recorded year has been extended owing to lack of information and is included in order to arrive at a -c In arriving at this total, some production figures (rather than capacity figures) have kind to be incorporated. -d In arriving at this total, some extensions of data indicated from last recorded year have had to be used. -e One plant based on cotton stalks. -f One plant based on palm fibre. -g Domestic production of plywood, for tea chests, includes the use of rubberwood. -h Plant based on flax. -i One plant based on jute sticks. -j Plant based on bagasse. -k Bagasse used as main raw-material
TABLE G2. - ASIA AND THE FAR EAST: WOOD-BASED PANELS. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS 1966-69
For footnotes see table G1.
TABLE H2. - OCEANIA: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED ANNUL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN PRODUCING COUNTRIES, 1966-69
|
|
Plywood |
Particle board |
Fibreboard |
Total, wood-based panels |
||||||||||||
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
|
1000 cubic metric |
1000 tons |
|||||||||||||||
|
Australia |
160 |
150 |
150 |
151 |
104 |
122 |
163 |
179 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
200 |
408 |
420 |
461 |
477 |
|
New Guinea and Papua |
13 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
|
New Zealand |
43 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
20 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
81 |
82 |
82 |
88 |
|
OCEANIA |
216 |
206 |
206 |
206 |
117 |
136 |
177 |
199 |
240 |
240 |
240 |
240 |
497 |
510 |
551 |
573 |
|
Index, 1966=100 |
100 |
95 |
95 |
95 |
100 |
116 |
151 |
170 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
100 |
102 |
110 |
115 |
TABLE H2. - OCEANIA: WOOD-BASED PANELS, ESTIMATED NUMBER OF PLANTS, 1966-96
|
|
Plywood |
Particle board |
Fibreboard |
Total, wood-based panels |
||||||||||||
|
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
1966 |
1967 |
1968 |
1969 |
|
|
Australia |
a 79 |
a 73 |
a 77 |
a 75 |
7 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
92 |
88 |
92 |
90 |
|
New Guinea and Papua |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
New Zealand |
14 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
17 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
|
OCEANIA |
94 |
87 |
91 |
89 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
12 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
110 |
103 |
109 |
108 |
a Veneer and plywood plants combined.
