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Table 3--Estimated short-run demand elasticites for coniferous sawn wood 1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport priceEnd-use indexDomestic priceImport PriceEnd-use index
Austria*-.12na***.45-.16***-2.22***2.59
Finland**(a)-.45na***.742nenene
France***-.52*.34***1.04***.92-.35*.64
Germany**-.44.20**.49***1.26***-1.32***.70
Italy-.04***.97.43.02***-.49*.57
Norwayna-.061.202-.45*-.65***1.71
Spain-.09na***.37**.64**-.73**.36
Sweden(a)-.16na***.743nenene
United Kingdom-.20***-.506***.667*-.34-.01***.49

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01
(a) Export price is used as a proxy for domestic price.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 4--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for non-coniferous sawn wood1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceEnd-use indexDomestic priceImport PriceEnd-use index
Austria.06na.83-.15.33***2.73
Finlandnenenenenene
France*-.15.01*.45**.57-.33***3.09
Germany-.07*.22***1.65na**-.82***2.87
Italyna**-.56.29.02-.46***2.07
Norwaynenenenenene
Spainna-.09***.83na*-.47***1.83
Swedennenenenenene
United Kingdom**1.61na.60   
United Kingdom   (c)-.22(d) .081.18
Tropical (a)      
United Kingdom   (c)-.23**(d)-.201.91
Temperate (b)      

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01
(a) Imports of tropical sawn wood.
(b) Imports of temperate sawn wood.
(c) Tropical sawn wood import price.
(d) Temperate sawn wood import price.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 5--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for plywood1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceEnd-use indexDomestic priceImport PriceEnd-use index
Austrianenenenenene
Finlandnenenenenene
France-.53.05.02***1.16**-.54***2.35
Germany-.67.14***1.82-1.03**-.84*2.41
Italy-.09**1.01**.66.75***-1.53***3.29
Norwaynenenenenene
Spainna.111.09na***-1.53.88
Swedennenenenenene
United Kingdom-.13na***.67nenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 6--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for particleboard1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceEnd-use indexDomestic priceImport PriceEnd-use index
Austria.32na**.36na***-2.00**.45
Finland*(a)-.09na**1.09nenene
France-.220**.69-.64-.43**1.59
Germany*-.36.26***1.10*.85***-1.93***1.55
Italy-.11na.20na-1.151.22
Norway(a)-.11na.69(a) -.25-1.27.83
Spainna-.251.02na***-5.301.54
Sweden(a) -.09na***.94(a) .27***-.84***2.20
United Kingdomna*1.17***1.65-.62na***1.66

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

(a) Export price is used as a proxy for domestic price.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 7--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for fiberboard1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceEnd-use indexDomestic priceImport PriceEnd-use index
Austria.68na.76na***-1.08***1.71
Finlandnenenenenene
Francenenenena**-.71**2.18
Germanynenene**.37***-.63**1.61
Italyna-.69.40na**-.81*1.13
Norway***.35***-.17.28nenene
Spain-.08na**.50nenene
Sweden***(a) -1.22na.35*(a) 1.73***-.79na
United Kingdomna***3.02***2.16na***-1.04***.53

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:

* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

(a) Export price is used as a proxy for domestic price.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 8--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for newsprint1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceIncomeDomestic priceImport PriceIncome
Austria-.12na.48na-.38.94
Finland(a)-1.31na***1.08nenene
France(c)-.12(b),(c)-.11***(c).29-.08**(b)-.47***2.03
Germanyna*-.19***.80**.37-.13***1.46
Italy-.36na.86*-2.37***3.21**3.39
Norway(a)-.54na***.99nenene
Spainna(c)-.27(c).73nenene
Sweden(a)-.39na.32nenene
United Kingdomna**-.30*1.33na-.03**.60

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:

* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

(a) Export price used as a proxy for domestic price.
(b) Lagged one period.
(c) Estimated as apparent consumption.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 9--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for printing and writing paper1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceIncomeDomestic priceImport PriceIncome
Austrianana***.80na-.28**4.30
Finland*(a)-1.37na***1.09nenene
France**(b)-.49*-.20***.84na-.14.57
Germany-.26*(b)-.26***.97***(b)1.21***(b)-.62***2.53
Italy***(b)-.28**.18***1.07*.54-.432.27
Norway**(a)(b)2.42**(b)-2.082.49na***-.76***1.45
Spainna(c)-.26(c)1.52nenene
Sweden(a)-.40na.49nenene
United Kingdomna***-.35***2.07na***(b)-.59***1.92

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

(a) Export price used as a proxy for domestic price.
(b) Lagged one period.
(c) Estimated as apparent consumption.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 10--Estimated short-run demand elasticities for other paper and board1

CountryDomestic demandImport demand
 Domestic priceImport PriceIncomeDomestic priceImport PriceIncome
Austrianana***.77na*-.38***2.02
Finland(a)-.06na.04nenene
Francena.04**.27na-.09***.95
Germany-.46(b).25.16na(b)-.26***.80
Italy**(b)-.22-.01***.47.05***(b)-.82***2.43
Norway(a),(b)-.03.211.45(a).96***-1.04***1.61
Spainna(c)0(c)1.61nenene
Sweden(a),(b)-.14na.32nenene
United Kingdomna(b)-.12***1.33na-.13***1.26

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

(a) Export price used as a proxy for domestic price.
(b) Lagged one period.
(c) Estimated as apparent consumption.

na = not available (not included)
ne = equation not estimated

Table 11--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for coniferous sawn wood1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch. rate
Austria***-1.30***1.17na***.55na
Finlandna***1.30**-.79nana
France***-3.42.36***1.56.63na
Germany.622.06-1.26***1.71na
Italynenenenene
Norwaynenenenene
Spainnenenenene
Swedennana**-.26na***-1.64
United Kingdomnenenenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 12--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for non-coniferous sawn wood1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch. rate
Austriana.21na**.49na
Finlandnenenenene
France**-1.17.42na2.15na
Germanynana*-.69.56na
Italy.19***-.62na2.26na
Norwaynenenenene
Spainnenenenene
Swedennenenenene
United Kingdomnenenenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 13--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for plywood1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch. rate
Austrianenenenene
Finlandnenenenene
France.21.15***-.752.12na
Germanynana-.44**2.15na
Italynenenenene
Norwaynenenenene
Spainnenenenene
Swedennenenenene
United Kingdomnenenenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 14--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for particleboard1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch. rate
Austria**-2.62*1.36na1.76na
Finlandna*.21***-1.23na***-3.32
Francena-.32**-.56***2.08na
Germany*-.81na-.02***1.52na
Italynenenenene
Norwaynenenenene
Spainnenenenene
Swedennenenenene
United Kingdomnenenenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 15--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for fiberboard1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch.rate
Austria-.17-.04na-.27na
Finlandnenenenene
France***-.55na-.05**1.00na
Germanyna***-1.19*-.06***6.02na
Italyna**-.70*-.85***3.02na
Norwaynenenenene
Spainnenenenene
Swedennenenenene
United Kingdomnenenenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 16--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for newsprint1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch. rate
Austria-1.871.31na**.80na
Finlandna.12**-.23.15.11
Francenenenenene
Germany***1.49**-.88na1.42na
Italynenenenene
Norwayna.12**-.23.15.11
Spainnenenenene
Swedenna.12**-.23.15.11
United Kingdomnenenenene

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 17--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for printing and writing paper1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch.rate
Austria-.54.17na***2.41na
Finlandna**.54***-.40***.77.13
Francenenenenene
Germany-.62***-.49na***5.60na
Italy**.90*-.77na**2.09na
Norwayna**.54***-.40***.77.13
Spainnenenenene
Swedenna**.54***-.40***.77.13
United Kingdomna-1.38na1.15na

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 18--Estimated short-run export supply elasticities for other paper and board1

CountryDomestic priceExport PriceCostEurGDPExch.rate
Austriananana***2.91na
Finlandna**.25***-.38***.62.10
France-.04-.07na***2.08na
Germanyna***-.95na*1.07na
Italy***-.70-.06na***2.81na
Norwayna**.25***-.38***.62.10
Spainnenenenene
Swedenna**.25***-.38***.62.10
United Kingdomna-.27na1.54na

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

na = not available (not included)
ne = not estimated

Table 19--Estimated price and income elasticities for consumption of forest products in smaller European markets1

ProductIncome group2
Lower incomeHigher income
PriceIncomePriceIncome
Coniferous sawn wood0.382* 0.162-0.4590.278
Non-coniferous sawn wood-0.999 ***0.770 * -0.0730.810 ***
Plywood-0.0870.095-0.2481.471
Particleboard0.00.972 **-0.688 ***1.017 **
Fiberboard-0.2601.380 *-0.681 **1.547 **
Newsprint-0.2650.730 ***-0.1261.542*** 
Printing & writing paper-0.258 **1.515 ***-0.0931.470 ***
Other paper & board0.01.608 **-0.688 **1.018 **

1 Significance of estimated elasticities:
* = .10;
** = .05;
*** = .01

2 Countries in the higher income group (based on per capita income) are:Belgium-Luxembourg, Denmark, Netherlands, and Switzerland; countries in the lower income group are: Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Turkey. For newsprint, printing & writing paper, and other paper & board, Spain is included in the lower income group.

Table 20--Comparison of price elasticities for sawn softwood

 ETTS Va
CountryETTS IVDomestic demandbImport demandc
Austriana-.120-2.220
Finlandna-.453dna
France-.363-.520-.350
Germany-.795-.440-1.320
Italyna-.040-.490
Norwaynana-.652
Spainna-.090-.730
Swedenna-.156dna
United Kingdom-.613-.199-.012
Netherlands-.836-.120ena
Switzerlandna-.120ena

a Own price elasticity; estimates from multiple equation models except for Netherlands and Switzerland.
b Elasticity with respect to domestic price
c Elasticity with respect to import price
d Export price used as a proxy for domestic price
e Estimated using apparent consumption, and cross-section model.
na = not available (not estimated)

Table 21—Comparison of price elasticities for sawn hardwood

 ETTS Va
CountryETTS IVDomestic demandbImport demandc
Austriana.060.330
Finlandnanana
France-.279-.150-.330
Germany-.342-.070-.820
Italy-1.876na-.460
Norwaynanana
Spainnana-.470
Swedennanana
United Kingdom-.4861.610 
UK Tropical  -.220
UK Temperate  -.200
Netherlandsna-.027d 
Switzerland-1.070-.027d 

a Own price elasticity; estimates from multiple equation models except for Netherlands and Switzerland.
b Elasticity with respect to domestic price
c Elasticity with respect to import price
d Estimated using apparent consumption, and cross-section model.
na = not available (not estimated)

Table 22—Comparison of price elasticities for particleboard

 ETTS V: multiple equation estimatesa
CountryETTS IVDomestic demandbImport demandc
Austriana.320-2.000
Finlandna-.090dna
Francena-.220-.430
Germanyna-.360-1.930
Italyna-.110-1.150
Norwayna-.110d-1.270
Spainnana-5.300
Swedenna-.090dna
United Kingdomnanana
Netherlandsna-.169ena
Switzerlandna-.169ena

a Own price elasticity; estimates from multiple equation models except for Netherlands and Switzerland.
b Elasticity with respect to domestic price
c Elasticity with respect to import price
d Export price used as a proxy for domestic price
e Estimated using apparent consumption and cross-section model.
na = not available (not estimated)

Table 23--Comparison of end use elasticities for sawn softwood

 ETTS V
CountryETTS IVDomestic demandImport demand
Austria.610.4502.590
Finlandna.742na
France.5131.040.640
Germany1.036.490.700
Italy.870.430.570
Norway.321.2021.713
Spain.670.370.360
Swedenna.743na
United Kingdom1.083.667.485
Netherlands1.056.724ana
Switzerland1.118.724ana

a GDP elasticity; estimated using apparent consumption and cross-section model.
na = not available (not estimated)

Table 24—Comparison of end use elasticities for sawn hardwood

 ETTS V
CountryETTS IVDomestic demandImport demand
Austriana.8302.730
Finlandnanana
France.753.4503.090
Germany.9741.6502.870
Italy.797.2902.070
Norwaynanana
Spain.797.8301.830
Swedennanana
United Kingdom1.211.600 
Tropical  1.180
Temperate  1.910
Netherlands1.508.285ana
Switzerland1.481.285ana

a GDP elasticity; estimated using apparent consumption and cross-section model.
na = not available (not estimated)

Table 25—Comparison of end use elasticities for particleboard

 ETTS V
CountryETTS IVDomestic demandImport demand
Austria1.7351.7003.010
Finland2.0411.090na
France1.137.6901.590
Germany.9511.1001.550
Italyna.2001.220
Norway.889.690.830
Spain2.4401.0201.540
Sweden2.717.940.940
United Kingdom2.2751.6501.660
Netherlandsna.250ana
Switzerland1.595.250ana

a GDP elasticity; estimated using apparent consumption and cross-section model.
na = not available (not estimated)


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