F 53
KOHNO, H, DURAY, M. and J. JUARIO
State of grouper (Lapu-lapu) culture in the Philippines.
1988 5 pp
SEAFDEC Asian Aquaculture, vol. 10, no. 2
The grouper, locally known as lapu-lapu, is a highly esteemed food fish in the Philippines. It represents about 2% of total fish catch in the country. The grouper is a preferred species by small-scale fishermen and is commonly caught by hook and line, gill-net, and bamboo fish trap. Recently, more attention has been given to grouper as a candidate for culture. Consequently, studies on grouper culture have been undertaken in several countries. In the Philippines, some private firms have ventured into grouper culture, although there are only few statistical data available. The existing culture method for grouper is usually based on the fish farmers own experiences; more likely than not, it is without scientific bases. Although researchers in the Philippines have become more interested in grouper culture, no positive results have been obtained so far. To determine the direction of development of grouper culture in the Philippines, the present state of culture and the technical problems and constraints involved must first be described. Only then can research studies be identified to solve these problems or constraints.
F 54
SEAFDEC
Fishery products development.
1988 2 pp
SEAFDEC Newsletter, vol. 11, no. 3
Fish is a highly perishable food item, which begins to deteriorate when captured. Hence, preservation methods from the time it is caught and improvements in packaging technology for fish and fish products need to be thoroughly investigated if quality is not to hold back further development of this important industry.
F 55
TEICHERT-CODDINGTON, D.R. and R.O. SMITHERMAN
Lack of response by Tilapia nilotica to mass selection for rapid
early growth.
1988 4 pp
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 117, 297–300
Mass selection for rapid and slow early growth was applied for one generation to 58-d-old Nile tilapia Tilapia nilotica (Ivory Coast strain). Realized heritability (+ SE) for rapid growth was -0.1o + 0.02, and mean body weight of progeny was not different (P> 0.05) from that of control fish. This confirms an earlier prediction from half-sib analysis of the same stock that selection for rapid growth would be ineffective for these fish (half-sib heritabilities were 0.04 + 0.14 at age 45 d and 0.04 + 0.06 at age 90d). In contrast, selection for slow early growth resulted in realized heritability of 0.36 + 0.08, and mean body weight of progeny was less than that of control fish (P<0.05). Our study indicated that an upper limit to growth enhancement by selection exists in this stock of T. nilotica, probably due to a small founder stock, subsequent reductions in effective breeding numbers, and 8 years of domestication. We conclude that half-sib analysis can be an efficient means for estimating the effectiveness of mass selection.
F 56
GREEN, B.W., PHELPS, R.P. and H.R. ALVARENGA
The effect of manure and chemical fertilizers on the production of
Oreochromis niloticus in Earthern ponds.
1989 6 pp
Aquaculture, 76: 37–42
The effect of weekly applications of similar quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus from three different sources on the production of Oreochromis niloticus (10,000/ha) was studied in 0.1 ha earthen ponds. Layer chicken litter (500 kg total solids (TS)/ha), dairy cow manure (1020 kg TS/ha) and chemical fertilizer (46-0-0 at 30.6 kg/ha and 0–46 at 62.6 kg/ha) were applied weekly. Mean total net production after 150 days was greater with chicken litter (1759 kg/ha). Differences in fish production were explained in terms of net and gross primary productivity and community respiration.
F 57
POWLES, H. (Ed.)
Cage culture research projects. Report of a workshop held in
cairo, Egypt, 23–26 October 1985.
1987 182 pp
International Development Research Centre, IDRC, MR 164 e,f
The culture of fish in cages presents several theoretical advantages over pond based systems for the small scale fish culturist. Existing water bodies can be used, simplifying water management problems; initial investment is relatively low, at least if maximum use is made of cheap locally available materials; natural water productivity can be taken advantage of, but supplement feeds can also be used up to high levels. Following a 1979 workshop jointly sponsored by IDRC and the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Centre (SEAFDEC), a number of cage culture research projects have been pursued. By 1984, it appeared that results of these projects justified another workshop to review progress. This workshop could not hope to present a definitive review of all cage culture projects; but it provides a good overview of cage culture systems usable in a wide range of ecological and socioeconomic milieus. Objectives of the workshop were: - to summarize and compare results from cage culture research projects in a variety of milieux; - to identify priority research areas in cage culture systems and possible approaches to these; -to discuss specific aspects of cage culture systems (for example feed, economics); - to provide an opportunity for aquaculture researchers to discuss current problems in the field.
F 58
CHANG, W.Y.B.
Pond fish culture in the Pearl River delta, China.
1985 2 pp
Aquaculture Magazine, vol. 11, no. 4, 45–46
The pearl River Delta is the richest area for warm water pond fish culture in China. The number and area of ponds in the delta is also the highest in China. Pond fish culture is carried out in five counties of the delta, of which Shunde Country has the highest pond area, about 16,500 hectare. If the area surrounding the ponds used to cultivate plants and crops for integrated pond culture is taken into consideration, the total area in pond culture related use in Shunde County is 33,900 hectare. The total pond area in these five counties is 28,200 hectares, and the total integrated culture area is 58,800 hectare.
F 59
KATAVIC, I., JUG-DUJAKOVIC, J. and B. GLAMUZINA
Cannibalism as a factor affecting the survival of intensively
cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings.
1989 9 pp
Aquaculture, 77, 135–143
The large percentage of intensively cultured sea bass fingerlings apparently lost to cannibalism indicates that this source of mortality probably contributes significantly to poor survival. The growth rate of ungraded fingerlings produces increasing differences in size which run parallel with increasing cannibalism, especially after the weaning period. Sea bass fingerlings, if not fed early in the morning, showed increased cannibalistic activities; 37% of the larger fish filled their stomachs with smaller siblings. The predator must be twice the length of the victim for ingestion. The extent of cannibalism is found to depend on feeding frequency.
F 60
SOLETCHNIK, P., SQUET, M., THOUARD, E. and J.P. MESDOUZE
Spawning of yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch 1791) in
captivity.
1989 13 pp
Aquaculture, 77, 287–289
Observations on yellowtail snapper maturation indicated a long spawning season (March to October), including two periods of high sexual activity (March and July). Twenty-one batches of good quality eggs (mean viability rate 85%) were recorded without hormonal treatment. Spawning was also induced by HCG injection. Fecundity was high (172,000 eggs/kg), but the viability rate remained low (31%).
F 61
BEVERIDGE, M.C.M
Cage aquaculture
1987 352 pp
Fishing News Books Ltd., 1 Long Garden Walk, Farnham, Surrey,
England
Although of comparatively recent origin, cage aquaculture is playing an increasingly important role in the world production of food fishes, not only of the high market value marine species, such as salmon, which dominate interests in northern Europe and North America, but also the more ubiquitous carps and tilapias. Moreover, there is a growing awareness that the possibilities offered by cage aquaculture have only begun to be explored. For example, cages can provide low-cost alternatives to conventional land-based hatcheries or nurseries and may be employed in culturing even large, fast-swimming, pelagic species such as tunas. Moreover they may be used not only for rearing food fishes, but also to help combat eutrophication of lakes. The principal aim of this book is to attempt a synthesis of available information on cages and cage aquaculture. The book is not intended as a comprehensive do-it-yourself manual, since book learning is no substitute for practical experience, although it does deal to some extent with the practicalities of establishing and managing a cage farm. The book should be viewed more as a source or reference book.
