Table 10.1 Pig population in the three biggest states
in the Island of Penang (data for 1978 from
State Veterinary Department)
Location | No. of pigs | No. of pens | No. of sties | No. of farms | Average No. of pigs/farm |
Pantai Acheh | 1 299 | 472 | 42 | 26 | 50 |
Gertak Sanggul | 4 352 | 818 | 30 | 11 | 395 |
| ca. 7 000* | | | 15* | 470 |
Batu Maung | 11 006 | 1 810 | 115 | 52 | 211 |
| ca. 11 000* | | | 74* | 149 |
Table 10.2 Waste characteristics - A pig estate of 11 000 pigs
(from Taiganides, 1979)
N a m e | Waste parameter | Preliminary design values |
Symbol | Unit | | |
Standing pig population | SPP | - | 2 | 11 000 |
Pig animal unit | PAU | - | 1 | 5 500 |
Total live weight | TLW | kg/d | 100 | 550 000 |
Total wet waste as excrated | TWW | kg/d | 5.1 | 38 050 |
Total liquid wastewater (includes wash water and TWW) | TLW | l/d | 25 | 137 500 |
Total solids | TTS | kg/d | 0.69 | 3 795 |
Total volatile solids | TVS | kg/d | 0.57 | 3 135 |
Biochemical oxygen demand | BOD | kg/d | 0.22 | 1 210 |
Chemical oxygen demand | COD | kg/d | 0.72 | 3 941 |
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen | TKN | kg/d | 0.039 | 914 |
Total phosphates | TPO | kg/d | 0.017 | 94 |
Table 10.3 Requirements for individual treatment of the
total waste waters of a pig estate of 11 000 pigs
(from Taiganides, 1979)
Process component | Design parameter | Land index | Index rank |
Anaerobic digestion | - volume | 2 kg TVS/m3-d | 1 670 m3 | 1 |
- depth | 3 m | - |
- area | - | 500 m2 |
High rate algae system | - area | 200 kg BOD/ha-d | 6 ha | 1 |
Aerated lagoons | - volume | 0.5 kg BOD/m3/d | 2 500 m3 | 1 |
- depth | 2 m | - |
- area | - | 1 250 m2 |
- energy | 0.9 kg BOD/Kwh | 1 090 Kwh/d |
Anaerobic lagoon | - volume | 200 kg TVS/m/d | 16 700 m3 | 2 |
| 1.5 m | |
| - | 1 ha |
Oxidation ditch | - volume | 2 kg BOD/m3/d | 605 m3 | 2 |
- depth | 1.2 m | - |
- area | - | 1 000 m2 |
- rotors | 1 kg BOD/m/h | 50 m |
- energy | 0.7 KwMr/kg BOD | 850 Kwh/d |
Oxidation ponds | - volume | - | 100 000 m3 | 3 |
- depth | 1.2 m | - |
- area | 100 kg BOD/ha-d | 12.5 ha |
Fishponds | - area | 8 kg BOD/ha/d | 150 ha | 10 |
-area | 1.5 kg TKN/ha/d | 140 ha |
Shrimp ponds | - area | 0.2 kg TKN/ha-d | 1 070 ha | 100 |
Table 10.4 The composition of wastes from commercial piggeries
(mg/kg wet waste) (Woynarovich, 1979)
Component | Solid waste (average) | Liquid waste* | Liquid phase |
Minimum | Maximum |
O2 consumption | 32 087 | 8 558 | 90 900 | 8 858 |
BOD5 | 15 389 | 4 000 | 41 324 | 5 444 |
S | 38 | 14 | 85 | 37 |
Total N | 2 612 | 824 | 8 302 | 1 139 |
NH4 | 1 421 | 260 | 6 150 | 543 |
PO4 (water soluble) | 1 038 | 300 | 1 840 | 432 |
P2O5 (water soluble) | 776 | 224 | 1 375 | 323 |
Total P2O5 | 1 268 | 687 | 2 555 | 514 |
Total K2O | 2 345 | 720 | 6 300 | 1 233 |
Dry matter | 38 367 | 12 600 | 113.310 | 11 171 |
Organic matter | 31 240 | 8 520 | 97 060 | 7 984 |
Floating matter | 31 923 | 8 810 | 98 090 | 7 418 |
Dissolved matter | 6 444 | 2 896 | 16 095 | 3 752 |
Dissolved mineral | 2 873 | 950 | 6 070 | 1 863 |
pH | 7.9 | 7.2 | 9.0 | 7.6 |
Conductivity | 10 562 | 4 624 | 26 673 | 5 944 |
Table 10.5 Average waste production per pig (in Hungary)*
(Woynarovich, 1979)
Pig type | Faeces (kg/day) | Urine (l/day) | Total (kg/day) |
Fattening pig, 20–220 day old | 3.0–3.4 | 3.5–4.0 | 6.5–7.4 |
Sow (one-year average) | 7.5–8.5 | 8.0–9.0 | 15.5–17.5 |
Boar (one-year average) | 7.0–8.0 | 7.0–8.5 | 14.0–16.5 |
Piglet (30–60 day old) | 0.9–1.4 | 1.6–2.0 | 2.5–3.4 |
Young pig (one-year average) | 4.0–6.0 | 4.5–6.5 | 8.5–12.5 |