WP/81/SPH/CP-22

STATUS OF SHRIMP/PRAWN CULTURE IN INDIA, BANGLADESH AND SRI LANKA

by

M. Karim¹

1. INDIA

India has more than 2 million ha of brackishwater area (estuaries, backwaters, mangrove swamps and lagoons) but currently only about 30500 ha area is under some kind of coastal aquaculture. Potential area available for coastal aquaculture is 1.7 million ha. A breakup of this water area by state is given in Table 1.

Shrimp culture (along with finfish) has established and flourished in areas where farms can be entirely tide dependent, i.e., both filling in and flushing out are possible by tidal gravity.

Presently, shrimp culture is mostly a seasonal affair alternating with paddy. Stocking is non-selective. Screening out the predators and selective stocking is practised in some farms in West Bengal. In Kerala state, stocking and harvesting are done continuously throughout the year; in West Bengal stocking is done during the peak seeding period, several harvesting towards the end of the culture season. Pond fertilization and supplemental feeding are seldom practised.

Table 1.
Brackishwater areas by states

¹ Fisheries Adviser, Bay of Bengal Programme (FAO/RAS/40/SW)Madras, India

Dominating species in the harvest are Metapenaeus dobsonii in Kerala; Penaeus mcnodon, P. indicus, M. monoceros and M. brevicornis in West Bengal while contribution of Macrobrachium during the wet season is also significant.

Apart from shrimp farming in paddy fields, some shrimp are also obtained from salt ponds in various states. Private sector efforts in commercial culture of shrimp in pump-fed ponds constructed in states having low tidal amplitude have not been remunerative so far.

Cage and pen culture of shrimp are being tried on experimental basis. Production of shrimp from culture sources is about 8 000 tons of which 4 000 tons come from Kerala, 3 000 tons from West Bengal; the rest 1 000 tons come from Karnataka and Goa. Average production in the continuous stocking and harvesting technique as practised in Kerala is 500–900 kg/ha; the shrimp size is small and the per unit value is also low. In West Bengal, the production/ha is reported to be about 750 kg in the farmers' fields; 30 percent of the production is shrimp and the rest finfish.

The country envisaged to utilize 0.45 million ha of brackishwater for aquaculture during 1974–84 and produce 0.22 million tons of fish and shrimp by 1984.

In the available reports, indications are there that production level to the extent of 511 kg in 90 days and 483 kg/ha in 65 days have been achieved in the Kerala paddy fields under intensive scientific care and management. In West Bengal, production level of more than 1 000 kg/ha/year (monoculture of P. monodon) under intensive care has been reported.

Currently, all the commercial farms entirely depend on natural seed supply. The basic technique of artificial propagation of shrimp by eyestalk ablation/coterisation method is known. It has been possible to spawn and rear most of the cultivable species of shrimp in India in the laboratory. Though miniature hatcheries have been set up at Narakkal by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute and at Azhikode by the State Fisheries Department both near Cochin in Kerala, their production has not yet been dependable source for the farmers. Efforts are being made by various maritime states to establish a series of shrimp hatcheries. Pre-stocking nursery rearing in ponds, plastic pools and nylon cages has been carried out at various centres like Kakinada, Kakdwip, Keshpur and Kovalam in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu respectively on limited scale with good results.

2. BANGLADESH

In the draft second five-year plan for the fisheries sector, the main development thrusts are on increased production of food fishes for raising the nation's nutritional status, accelerated production of shrimp to augment export earnings and increased employment opportunities in the rural areas. A large part of the above national objectives will be fulfilled through the development of coastal aquaculture for which excellent opportunities exist in the country. The government plans to introduce improved culture techniques in the existing shrimp farms.

The total estuarine area having potentials for shrimp culture covers an estimated area of about 240 000 ha. Large parts of the paddies within heavy and high dykes constructed to prevent tidal influx of saline water from entering the paddy fields in some of the southern districts also offer good opportunities for shrimp culture. Currently, at least 10 500 ha area is under traditional shrimp culture. The estimated production of shrimp and fish from this area is 5 000 tons. Nearly, 50 percent of the export shrimp comes from culture fishery; current level of export is 3 500 tons of headless shrimp, on the average.

The geographical distribution of the culture area is presented in Table 2.

The present culture system is an age old process consisting of trapping, holding and growing whatever fish and shrimp fry and juveniles enter the field along with the high tides. The existing culture system does not provide for predator or competitor control, selective stocking, appropriate water management, feeding or fertilization. Amongst the shrimp, Penaeus monodon is the predominant species in the culture ground. Finfish include cock-up, threadfins, catfish, mullet, etc.

In Khulna district, marine shrimp culture is practised in the paddies subjected to regular tidal inundation from the nearby canal. Culture season extends from January or February to June or July during the period when the canal water is brackish. During the rest of the year, the canal water is fresh and the fields are then utilized for growing a special variety of paddy crop. The juveniles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii are naturally stocked in the ditches and low-lying areas within the paddy fields and show quick growth. In Chittagong area, shrimp culture extends over a more prolonged period and discontinued during the heavy monsoon when water salinity becomes unsuitable for holding marine shrimp. In some salt pans in this district, shrimp culture is alternated with the salt production.

The government has an approved plan to establish a Macrobrachium hatchery in Khulna district. There is no immediate plan to establish any hatchery for penaeid shrimp in the country.

3. SRI LANKA

Interest in shrimp culture is of recent origin. The magnitude of the potential area for shrimp culture is not known. Present production through culture is negligible. The government is trying to promote shrimp culture by establishing some farms to demonstrate improved culture techniques.

Table 2.
Culture areas in Bangladesh, by districts

PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME

WORKING PAPERS

SCS/74/WP/1 RABANAL, H.R. The potentials of aquaculture development in the Indo-Pacific Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 34p.

SCS/74/WP/2 CRUTCHFIELD, J.A., D.A. LAWSON and G.K. MOORE, Malaysia Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 27p.

SCS/74/WP/3 MARR, J.C. Republic of Vietnam - Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 20p.

SCS/74/WP/4 LARSSON, S.O.R., G.C.A. VAN NOORT and E.O. OSWALD. Malaysia A report on artisanal fisheries of Peninsular Malaysia with particular reference to Kuala Besut. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 58p.

SCS/75/WP/5 RABANAL, H.R. Irian Jaya, Indonesia - Survey of possibilities and recommendations for development of brackishwater fish production. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1974. 27p.

SCS/75/WP/6 TUSSING, A.R. Fishery development perspectives. Sub-Region V: South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975 (IPFC 74 Sym 7). 23p.

SCS/75/WP/7 MURDOCH, W.R. and M.A. MYERS. Republic of Singapore. An assessment of the Jurong Fishing Harbour complex and expansion site on the east bank of the Jurong River. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 46p.

SCS/75/WP/8 PETERSON, C.L., K.J. ROSENBERG and A.C. SIMPSON. Regional Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyages 1 and 2. December 1–13. 1974 and January 5 - February 3, 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 37 p.

SCS/75/WP/9 OSWALD, E.O. and R.E.K.D. LEE. Regional — A proposal for a live bait pole-and-line tuna fishing survey in the South China Sea and adjacent waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 38p.

SCS/75/WP/10 ROSENBERG, K.J. and A.C. SIMPSON. Regional - Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyage 3. 9 February to 26 March 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p.

SCS/75/WP/11 PETERSON, C.L. Regional - Resource survey of larger pelagic fish. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 32p.

SCS/75/WP/12 ROSENBERG, K.J., A.C. SIMPSON and C.M. RENWICK. Regional Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyage 4. 9 April to 24 May 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975. 36p.

SCS/75/WP/13 BAUM, G.A. Kuala Besut II - A supplementary report on selected socio-economic aspects and problems in a fishermen's community on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 43p.

SCS/75/WP/14 CUERDEN, C. Library services for the South China Sea Fisheries Programme and its participating countries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975. 48p.

SCS/75/WP/15 LAWSON, R.M. Malaysia - An interim report on socio-economic aspects of the development of artisanal fisheries on the East Coast of Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975. 29p.

SCS/75/WP/16 JAMANDRE, T.J. and H.R. RABANAL. Engineering aspects of brackish-water aquaculture in the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 96p.

SCS/75/WP/17 MURDOCH, W.R. Malaysia — Assessment of the viability and potential of the joint venture. Majuikan Mid-east Sdn Bhd. Kuching. Sarawak as requested by Lembaga Majuikan, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 16p. (Restricted)

SCS/75/WP/18 CLEAVER, W.D. Malaysia — A preliminary design and general arrangement for an offshore purse seine vessel for the East Coast of West Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 35p.

SCS/75/WP/19 PISCHEDDA, J.L. Republic of the Philippines Legal and institutional aspects in the development of the fishing industry. Preliminary observations and identification of the main obstacles. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 35p.

SCS/75/WP/20 SIMPSON, A.C. Regional Acoustic surveys of pelagic resources. Report No. 1. Gulf of Thailand, July 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p.

SCS/75/WP/21 CINTAS, D. and C.M. RENWICK. Regional — Report of aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish. 1. Philippine waters, 12–29 June 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975. 28p.

SCS/76/WP/22 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Tobuan Sual, Pangasinan Province, Central Luzon - A socio-economic study on a rural fishing population in Central Luzon in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme, 1976. 44p.

SCS/76/WP/23 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Panigayan, Lampinigan., Baluk Baluk and Manangal, Basilan Province. A socio-economic study on four fishermen's communities affiliated to the Basilan Fishing Association (BFA Isabela in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 62p.

SCS/76/WP/24 BARICA, J. Nutrient-dynamics in eutophic inland waters and for aquaculture in some countries bordering the South China Sea with particular reference to mass fish mortalities. Proposal for monitoring programmes, Philippines, Thailand and Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 43p.

SCS/76/WP/25 ROSENBERG, K.J., A.C. SIMPSON and J.A. MAYNARD. Regional Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyages 5 and 6. 13 June to 10 September 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 52p.

SCS/76/WP/26 MOORE, G.K. Malaysia - Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. (2nd working paper). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 38p.

SCS/76/WP/27 WHEELAND, H.A. Malaysia Preliminary observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 22p.

SCS/76/WP/28 MAYNARD, J.A. Regional Report of aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish. II. Thailand 20 November to 1 December 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 20p.

SCS/76/WP/29 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Salay, Misamis Oriental Province. A socio-economic study on the fishing population of the seven coastal barrios of Salay Municipality in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 47p.

SCS/76/WP/30 MURDOCH, W.R. Hong Kong. A preliminary feasibility study to prosecute offshore pelagic stocks from Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 27p.

SCS/76/WP/31 JOHNSON, R.F. Preliminary report on aquatic pollution in the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 34p.

SCS/76/WP/32 WHEELAND, H.A. Preliminary observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Singapore. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 21p.

SCS/76/WP/33 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Coron Tagumpay — Buswanga Island Calamianes Group (Palawan Province). A socio-economic study of two rural fishing populations in northern Palawan in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 112p.

SCS/76/WP/34 JONES, R. Mesh regulations in the demersal fisheries of the South China Sea area. Regional Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 79p.

SCS/76/WP/35 SIMPSON, A.C. and S. CHIKUNI. Progress report on fishing for tuna in Philippine waters by FAO chartered purse seiners. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 38p.

SCS/76/WP/36 BONGA, O.B. Vessel specifications and drawings for two 10 m multipurpose fishing vessels for the small-scale fisheries project Kuala Besut. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 36p.

SCS/76/WP/37 SHANG, Y.C. Economics of various management techniques for pond culture of finfish. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 36p.

SCS/76/WP/38 JOHNSON, H.N. Malaysia. A preliminary study of investment opportunities for the development of small-scale fisheries on East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 21p.

SCS/76/WP/39 SHANG, Y.C. Follow-up programmes on economics of aquaculture in the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 19p.

SCS/76/WP/40 COOK, J.L. Problems in shrimp culture in the South China Sea Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 50p.

SCS/76/WP/41 JOHNSON, H., J. DIBBS and R. NASOETION. Indonesia A preliminary assessment for small-scale fisheries development in Riau North Sumatra and West Kalimantan Provinces. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 51p.

SCS/76/WP/42 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Bayawan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province Negros. A socio-economic study on the rural fishing population of Bayawan municipality in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 33p.

SCS/76/WP/43 MAYNARD, J.A. Philippines. Report on aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish in waters of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea adjacent to Palawan Island. 9–12 March 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p.

SCS/76/WP/44 CHAKRABORTY, D. Fisheries statistics in the Philippines. A plan for a new and expanded data collection programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 70p.

SCS/76/WP/45 MARR, J.C., G. CAMPLEMAN and W.R. MURDOCH. Thailand. An analysis of the present and recommendations for future fishery development and management policies, programmes and institutional arrangements. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 185p. (Restricted)

SCS/76/WP/46 CLEAVER, W. and O.B. BONGA. Thailand Preliminary design, general arrangement and lines plans for two pelagic pure seine midwater trawl research vessel, 27.5 m and 24 m lengths. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. (not issued)

SCS/76/WP/47 CLEAVER, W. Hong Kong A preliminary design, general arrangement and specifications for a combination pelagic demersal research vessel. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. (not issued)

SCS/76/WP/48 SIMPSON, A.C. and W.R. MURDOCH. Regional Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Royal Venture. Trips Nos. 7 & 8. 1 October to February 1976 Area Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 17p.

SCS/76/WP/49 SIMPSON, A.C. Regional Trip reports of chartered vessel Southward Ho Trips 7 & 8. 11 September 1975 to March 1976. Areas Malaysia and Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 33p.

SCS/76/WP/50 SIMPSON, A.C. Regional Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Royal Venture and Southward Ho Trip No. 9. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 22p.

SCS/76/WP/51 SIMPSON, A.C. Regional Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho Trips 10 and 11, 15 April to 8 August 1979. Area East North and West Coasts Luzon Island, Bohol Sea. Sulu Sea, and Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976 20p.

NOTE: Copies of these papers can be obtained by writing to the Programme in Manila, Philippines.

SCS/76/WP/52 WHEELAND, H.A. Statistics for fisheries development. Regional. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 11p.

SCS/76/WP/53 CHRISTY, L.C. Republic of the Philippines — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 65p. (Restricted)

SCS/76/WP/54 MAYNARD, J.A. Philippines - Province of Tawi-Tawi project identification and semi-detailed feasibility study relative to improving the status of small-scale fishermen and creating an integrated fishing industry in the Province of Tawi-Tawi. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 110p.

SCS/77/WP/55 OSWALD, F.O. and J.A. MAYNARD. Thailand — Proposed small-scale fisheries pilot project for Ban Ao Nakam Pom, Rayong Province. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 38p.

SCS/77/WP/56 MURDOCH, W.R. and P.S. WALCZAK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel, Southward Ho covering Voyage 12. Area — waters of the Sulu Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 11p.

SCS/77/WP/57 MURDOCH, W.R. and P.S. WALCZAK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Southward Ho and Royal Venture covering Voyage 13. Area — mainly Moro Gulf, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 18p.

SCS/77/WP/58 SIMPSON, A.C., W.R. MURDOCH. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho covering Voyages Nos. 14 and 15. Area — Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries, Programme, 1977. 15p.

SCS/77/WP/59 MURDOCH, W.R. and P.S. WALCZAK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seme vessel Southward Ho covering Voyages Nos. 16 and 17. Area — waters of the Moro Gulf Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 23p.

SCS/77/WP/60 DOTY, M.S. Seaweed resource and their culture in the countries of the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 19p.

SCS/77/WP/61 RABANAL, H.R. et al. Shellfisheries of Thailand: Background and proposal for development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 14p.

SCS/77/WP/62 CHAKRABORTY, D. Observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977. 14p.

SCS/77/WP/63 CHAKRABORTY, D. Observations and recommendations concerning the inland fisheries statistics programme of Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977. 15p.

SCS/77/WP/64 HANSEN, K.A.,P. LOVSETH and A.C. SIMPSON. Acoustic surveys of pelagic resources. Report No.2. Hong Kong, November 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 24p.

SCS/77/WP/65 CHRISTY, L.C. Republic of the Philippines — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 55p.

SCS/77/WP/66 MURDOCH, W.R. et al. A proposal for a small-scale fisheries pilot project in the Pulau Tujuh (Seven Islands) area. Riau Archipelago District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 69p.

SCS/77/WP/67 MOORE, G. Malaysia — A new fisheries bill. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 56p.

SCS/77/WP/68 GEDNEY, R.H. Water supply of the fishery development centre in the fresh-water aquaculture at Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia.

SCS/77/WP/69 CHAN, W.L. et al. Cage culture of marine fish in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 66p.

SCS/78/WP/70 LEE, R.E.K.D. Results of small-scale live bait pole-and-line fishing explorations for tuna in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 41p.

SCS/78/WP/71 MOORE, G. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management and development — a new licensing system, Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 23p. (Restricted)

SCS/78/WP/72 ANGELES, H.G. Preliminary fish and resources survey along the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978.

SCS/78/WP/73 DE LA CRUZ, Y.T. Malaysia — Small-scale fishermen credit and subsidy programmes — Implementing guideline recommendations (with particular reference to the Kuala Besut Fishermen's Association). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 50p.

SCS/78/WP/74 CHIKUNI, S. Report on fishing for tuna in Philippine waters by FAO chartered purse seiners. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. (Published as SCS DEV 78 18)

SCS/78/WP/75 FYSON, J.E. Fishing vessel design proposals for small-scale artisanal fisheries in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 23p.

SCS/78/WP/76 LAU, F. and CHENG CHOR LUK. Recent innovations in the cage culture activity at Kuala Besut small-scale fisheries pilot project, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 16p.

SCS/78/WP/77 WHEELAND, H.A. Proposal for further development of fishery statistics programmes in developing countries with particular reference to the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 6p.

SCS/78/WP/78 MOORE, G. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management and development A second Interim Report (Thailand) Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 37p. (Restricted)

SCS/79/WP/79 JONASSON, G. and PAISAL KATANYUWONG. Review of fishing activities of the small-scale fisheries project in Kuala Besut, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 23p.

SCS/79/WP/80 CANSDALE, G.S. Low-cost water filtration system. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 73p.

SCS/79/WP/81 LISAC, H. Some technical aspects of small-scale fish landing facilities. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 32p.

SCS/79/WP/82 CHAKRABORTY, D. Catch and analysis of fishermen in Kuala Besut, Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 59p.

SCS/79/WP/83 THOMPSON, B.G. Thailand — Management of fisheries data — feasibility of computerization. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 24p.

SCS/79/WP/84 CANSDALE, G.S. Report on second regional consultancy low-cost water filtration. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 48p.

SCS/79/WP/85 NEW, M. Report of consultancy on the fish nutrition programme at Changi Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Primary Production Department, Singapore. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 8p.

SCS/79/WP/86 WOYNAROVICH, E. and W.W. KUHNHOLD. Report of consultancy to Penang, Malaysia, regarding animal waste management problem. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 59p.

SCS/79/WP/87 THOMSON, D.B. Intermediate technology and alternative energy systems for small-scale fisheries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 69p.

SCS/80/WP/88 HECHANOVA, R.G. and B. TIENSONGRUSMEE. Report of assistance on selection of site, design, construction and management of the Ban Merbok, Kedah, Malaysia Brackishwater Aquaculture Demonstration Project. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 154p.

SCS/80/WP/89 TIENSONGRUSMEE, B. and R.G. HECHANOVA. Malaysia — Evaluation of the site selected, design of project and proposed construction and operations of the MAJUIKAN Tanjong Tualang Freshwater Aquaculture Centre. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 52p.

SCS/80/WP/90 SKILLMAN, R.A. Tuna statistics Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 45p.

SCS/80/WP/91 TRONO, G.C., JR., H.R. RABANAL and I. SANTIKA. Report of technical assistance on seaweed farming in Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 56p.

SCS/80/WP/92 BILAL, J. and W.W. KUHNHOLD. Marine oil pollution in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 85p.

SCS/80/WP/93 EVANS, E.D. Legal and policy consideration for use of the chartered fishing vessels in Philippine waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 35p.

SCS/80/WP/94 GOMEZ, E.D. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Regional. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 102p.

SCS/80/WP/94a SOEGIARTO, A. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Indonesia. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 65p.

SCS/80/WP/94b SASEKUMAR, A. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 80p.

SCS/80/WP/94c GOMEZ, E.D. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Philippines. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 88p.

SCS/80/WP/94d ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Singapore. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 76p.

SCS/80/WP/94e TWESUKDI, P. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Thailand. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 108p.

SCS/80/WP/95 WHEELAND, H.A. and P.J. HOOKER. Organizational implications of a fisheries information system for the Philippines; specific recommendations regarding BFAR's statistics program; and a plan for implementation. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 33p.

SCS/80/WP/96 HECHANOVA, R.G. Technical assistance on the design of government coastal aquaculture projects in Peninsular Malaysia. (A pattern for planning and design of aquaculture facility). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 78p.

SCS/80/WP/97 LISAC, H. Some aspects of fish utilization in small-scale fisheries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 32p.

SCS/80/WP/98 HECHANOVA, R.G. Indonesia — The engineering aspects of selected aquaculture projects. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 79p.

SCS/80/WP/99 HOOKER, P.J. and E.J. SAVARIRAJ. A fisheries information system for Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 40p.

SCS/80/WP/100 HECHANOVA, R.G. Engineering aspects of selected aquaculture projects in Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 15p. (Annexes A to D)

SCS/81/WP/101 (FL/WPSCS/82/1) Malaysia — A new fisheries bill — 1982. Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 15p. (Confidential and restricted)

SCS/81/WP/102 Fishpen and cage culture development project in Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981.

SCS/82/WP/103 The feasibility of oyster and mussel farming by municipal fishermen in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982.

SCS/82/WP/104 (FL/WPSCS/82/1) Regional compendium of fisheries legislation. Vol. 1. (Regional Fisheries Law Advisory Programme Western Pacific and South China Sea region). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 42p.

SCS/82/WP/105 (FL/WPSCS/82/1) Regional compendium of fisheries legislation. Vol. II (Legislation) (Regional Fisheries Law Advisory Programme Western Pacific and South China Sea region). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982. 585p.

SCS/82/WP/106 (FL/WPSCS/82/3) Draft fisheries regulation — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982. 9p.

3SCS/82/WP/107 (FL/WPSCS/82/4) Draft bilateral access agreement Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982. 8p.

SCS/82/WP/108 (FL/WPSCS/82/5) Law of the sea and Fiji. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982.

SCS/82/WP/109 EEZ (FL/WPSCS/82/6) Malaysia legislation. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 5p.

WORKSHOP REPORTS

SCS/GEN/74/1 Report on the workshop on planning and coordinating of resources survey and evaluation in the South China Sea. 28 August to 4 September 1974. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1974. 197p.

SCS/GEN/76/2 Report of the workshop on the fishery resources of the Malacca Strait. Part I. Jakarta, 29 March to 2 April 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 89p.

SCS/GEN/76/3 Report of workshop on legal and institutional aspects of fishery resources management and development. 5–8 April 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 95p.

SCS/GEN/76/4 Report on the training workshop for field enumerators of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources — Philippines. 22–31 March 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 32p.

SCS/GEN/76/5 UNDP/FAO Training course on the management of small-scale fishery enterprises. Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia, 25 August to 26 September 1975. Rome, FAO, 1976. 14p.

SCS/GEN/77/6 Report of the workshop on the fishery resources of the Malacca Strait — Part II. Jakarta, 29 March to 2 April 1976. South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 85p.

SCS/GEN/76/7 Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the Visayan and Sibuyan Area. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. 18–22 October 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 26p.

SCS/GEN/76/8 Philippines — Report seminar on the fisheries statistics survey of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. 23 July 1976. DNR/BFAR/SCSP. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p.

SCS/GEN/76/9 Report of the consultative group meeting on small-scale fisheries development in the South China Sea Region. 13–15 December 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 140p.

SCS/GEN/77/10 Report on the training workshop on fisheries statistics. Malaysia, 12–21 October 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977. 27p.

SCS/GEN/77/11 Report on the BFAR/SCSP workshop on fishery resources of the Sulu Sea and Moro Gulf areas, 25–29 April 1977, Cagayan de Oro. Manila, 1977. 58p.

SCS/GEN/77/12 Report of the workshop on the demersal resources, Sunda Shelf. Part I. November 7–11, 1977. Penang, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 58p.

SCS/GEN/77/13 Report of the workshop on the demersal resources. Sunda Shelf. Part II. November 7–11, 1977. Penang, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 120p.

SCS/GEN/77/14 Joint SCSP/SEAFDEC workshop on aquaculture engineering (with emphasis on small-scale aquaculture projects) Vol. I — General Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. v.p.

SCS/GEN/77/15 Joint SCSP/SEAFDEC workshop on aquaculture engineering (with emphasis on small-scale aquaculture projects) Vol. II — Technical Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 463p.

SCS/GEN/77/16 A layout of standard tables of fishery statistics in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 162p.

SCS/GEN/77/17 Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of mackerels (Rastrelliger spp) and round scads (Decapterus spp) in the South China Sea. Part I. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 70p.

SCS/GEN/78/18 Report of the workshop on management of resources of the Sunda Shelf. Malacca Strait and related areas. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 14p.

SCS/GEN/78/19 Report of the BFAR SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the Pacific Coast of the Philippines. 18–22 September 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 48p.

SCS/GEN/79/20 Report of the workshop on demersal and pelagic fish resources of the Java Sea. 5–9 December 1978. Semarang, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1979. 60p.

SCS/GEN/79/21 Report of the workshop on the tuna resources of Indonesia and Philippine waters. Jakarta, 20–23 March 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1979. 35p.

SCS/GEN/79/22 Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the north Luzon and western coasts of Luzon. 18–20 April 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1979. 57p.

SCS/GEN/79/23 Report on training course in fishery statistics. 2 October-10 November 1978. Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1979. v.p.

SCS/GEN/79/24 Report of the consultation meeting on management of tuna resources of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 26–29 June 1979. Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1979. 155p.

SCS/GEN/80/25 Report of the workshop on application and results of acoustic methods for resource appraisal surveys in the South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1980. 19p. Annexes 1 to 4.

SCS/GEN/80/26 Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of penaeid shrimps in the South China Sea area. Part I. 30 June-5 July 1980. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1980. 162p.

SCS/GEN/80/27 Report of the workshop on application and results of acoustic methods for resource appraisal surveys in the South China Sea. Part II. 19–22 November 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1980. 102p.

SCS/GEN/81/28 Report of the training course in prawn farming for Asia and the Pacific. Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. 5 October — 15 November 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 138p.

SCS/GEN/81/29 Report on the training course on Gracilaria algae. (A training subproject under FAO/UNDP Project RAS/79/041 implemented through RAS/74/013). Manila, Philippines, 1–30 April 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1981.

SCS/GEN/81/30 Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of penaeid shrimps in the South China Sea area. Part II. 30 June — 5 July 1980. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1981.

SCS/GEN/82/31 Report of the regional seminar on monitoring control and surveillance of fisheries in exclusive economic zones. 30 November — 4 December 1981. Jakarta, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1981. v.p.

SCS/GEN/82/32 Report on training course on fishery statistics. 1 September — 9 October 1981. Samutprakarn, Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982.

SCS/GEN/82/33 Working party on small-scale shrimp/prawn hatcheries in Southeast Asia. Vol. I — General report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982. 30p.

SCS/GEN/82/34 Report of the training course on small-scale pen cage culture for finfish. 26–31 October and 1–12 November 1981. Laguna, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982.

SCS/GEN/82/35 Training on assessment of coastal aquaculture potential, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1982.

SCS MANUALS

SCS Manuals No. 1 Handbook on field identification of fishes, crustaceans, molluscs, shells, and important aquatic plants. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 60p.

PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORTS

SCS/PR/74/1 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1974. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1974. 19p.

SCS/PR/75/2 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975. 40p.

SCS/PR/75/3 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1975. 38p.

SCS/PR/76/4 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 31 December 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 47p.

SCS/PR/77/5 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977. 37p.

SCS/PR/77/6 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977. 19p.

SCS/PR/78/7 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 12p.

SCS/PR/78/8 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 11p.

SCS/PR/79/9 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 12p.

SCS/PR/79/10 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 65p.

SCS/PR/80/11 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 28p.

SCS/PR/80/12 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 25p.

SCS/PR/81/13 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January to 30 June 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 20p.

SCS/PR/81/14 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July to 31 December 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981.

COORDINATING COMMITTEE REPORTS

SCSP/74/1 REP Report of the Ad Hoc Coordinating Committee Meeting of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 18–19 June 1974, 27p.

SCSP/74/2 REP Report of the first session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Jakarta, Indonesia, 6 November 1974. Rome, FAO, 1974. 22p.

SCSP/76/3 REP Report of the second session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 9 April 1976. 16p.

SCSP/77/4 REP Report of the third session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 24–25 February 1977. 19p.

SCSP/77/5/ REP Report of the fourth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 11–12 October 1977. 21p.

SCSP/78/6 REP Report of the fifth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 11 March 1978. 16p.

SCSP/78/7 REP Report of the sixth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 28–29 September 1978.

SCSP/79/8 REP Report of the seventh session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Rome, 11–16 October 1979.

FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPERS

SCS/DEV/73/1 WOODLAND, A.G. et al. The South China Sea Fisheries: A proposal for accelerated development. Rome, FAO, 1974. 162p.

SCS/DEV/73/2 YAMAMOTO, T. Review of marine fishery statistical system in countries bordering the South China Sea, and proposals for their improvement. Rome, FAO, 1973. 46p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Statistical Systems)

SCS/DEV/73/3 AOYAMA, T. The demersal fish stocks and fisheries of the South China Sea. Rome, FAO. 1973. 80p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Demersal Resources)

SCS/DEV/73/4 KUME, S. Tuna resources in the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973, 18p.

SCS/DEV/73/5 LING, S. Status, potential and development of coastal aquaculture in the countries bordering the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 51p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Aquaculture Development)

SCS/DEV/73/6 MENASVETA, D. et al. Pelagic fishery resources of the South China Sea and prospects for their development. Rome, FAO, 1973. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Pelagic Resources)

SCS/DEV/73/7 MISTAKIDIS, M.N. The crustacean resources and related fisheries in the countries bordering the South China Sea. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Crustacean Resources)

SCS/DEV/73/8 RUCKES, E. Fish utilization, marketing and trade in countries bordering the South China Sea — status and programme proposals. Rome, FAO. 1973. 33p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Marketing and Trade)

SCS/DEV/73/9 DOUCET, F.J. et al. Institutional and legal aspects affecting fishery development in selected countries bordering the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 32p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Institutional Legal Aspects)

FAO species identification for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing area 71). Rome, FAO, 1974. 4 vols.

SCS/DEV/76/11 Development potentials of selected fishery products in the regional member countries of the Asian Development Bank. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1976. 107p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/11 Fishery country profiles. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, (Appendix 1) 1976. 173p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/12 The international market for shrimp. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 105p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/13 The international market for tuna. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 69p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/14 The international market for crab. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 46p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/15 The international market for lobster. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 46p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/16 The international market for cephalopods. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 95p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/76/17 The European canned fish market: Prospects for Rastrelliger spp. Manila. South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 56p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)

SCS/DEV/78/18 CHIKUNI, S.,A.C. SIMPSON and W.R. MURDOCH. Test fishing for tuna and small pelagic species: Reports on the operation of FAO chartered purse siners in Philippine and South China Sea waters, 1974–1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. v.p.

SCS/DEV/79/19 POPE, J. Stock assessment in multispecies fisheries with special reference to the trawl fishery in the Gulf of Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 106p.

SCS/DEV/80/20 Implications of the extension of national jurisdiction for fisheries management and development. Report of an FAO Mission to the Government of Indonesia. 7 January — 2 February 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1980. 90p. (Restricted)

TECHNICAL REPORTS CONTRIBUTED TO SYMPOSIA/MEETINGS. ETC

RABANAL, H.R. 1975 FAO activities in inland fisheries and aquaculture with particular reference to Asia and the Far East. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 17p. (Contributed to the First Fisheries Research Congress, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, 7–10 March 1975, Legaspi City, Philippines).

RABANAL, H.R. 1975 Preliminary report on the Macrobrachium fishery in the Indo-Pacific region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 20p. (Contributed to the International Conference on Prawn Farming, Vung Tau, Vietnam, 31 March—4 April 1975).

RABANAL, H.R. 1975 Distribution and occurrence of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forskal). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 18p. (Contributed to the National Bangus Symposium. Manila, 25–26 July 1975).

RABANAL, H.R. 1976 Mangrove and their utilization for aquaculture. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 20p. (Contributed to the National Workshop on Mangrove Ecology held in Phuket. Thailand, 10–16 January 1976).

RABANAL, H.R. 1976 Report of project identification mission to Bangladesh on inland fisheries and aquaculture. Manila. Asian Development Bank. 56p.

RABANAL, H.R. 1976 Aquaculture 1976: Focus Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 12p. (Talk delivered at the National Convention of the Federation of Fish Producers of the Philippines, Iloilo City, 26 August 1976).

SIMPSON, A.C. 1976 Some proposals for research related to the understanding of mangrove ecology and the utilization of mangrove areas. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 10p. (Contributed to the National Workshop on Mangrove Ecology held in Phuket, Thailand, 10–16 January 1976).

COOK, H.L. 1976 Some aspects of shrimp culture research with particular reference to Philippine species. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 7p. (Contributed to the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research (PCARR) Fisheries Workshop, Subic, Zambales, Philippines. 15–17 January 1976).

RABANAL, H.R. 1976 The resources in inland waters: their utilization and management. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 21p. (Talk delivered before the Phi Sigma Biological Society as a contribution to the Deogracias V. Villadolid Memorial lecture series. Manila, Philippines, 26 November 1976).

RABANAL, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 15p. (Talk delivered before the United States Peace Corps Volunteers, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. 11 January 1977).

RABANAL, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 10p. (Paper contributed to the Fifth FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in relation to Protection of Living Resources. Manila, Philippines, 17–27 February 1977).

SIMPSON, A.C. 1977 Fisheries research and development in the Philippines: Some recommendations with special reference to resource assessment. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 16p.

RABANAL, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture management. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 12p. (Contribution to the BFAR/FAO-UNDP Training of Regional Trainors in Aquaculture. Lucena, Quezon, Philippines, 19 September to 27 October 1977).

RABANAL, H.R. 1977 Recent trends in aquaculture. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 13p. (Paper contributed to the Seminar/Workshop for Fishery Schools' Administrators, conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Manila, Philippines, 24–28 October 1977).

RABANAL, H.R. 1977 Forest conservation and aquaculture development of mangroves. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 15p. (Paper contributed to the International Workshop on Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific region. 14–19 November 1977. Manila, Philippines).

THOMSON, D.B. 1978 Lecture notes on fishing methods, equipment and deck layout of fishing vessels. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1978. 151p. (Paper presented at the FAO NORAD Course on Fishing Vessel Design, Bangkok, Thailand. October-November 1978).

RABANAL, H.R. 1978 International traffic of live and fish eggs and control of the spread of fish diseases. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 21p. (Contributed to the Workshop on Tropical Fisheries — their causes and control in Southeast Asia. Puncak, West Java, Indonesia, 28 November to 1 December 1978).

RABANAL, H.R. and R.O. JULIANA. 1979 Aquaculture extension: How it could be a potent force in fisheries development in the ASEAN region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Paper contributed to the First ASEAN Seminar/Workshop on Fisheries Extension, Manila 18–25 February 1979.

THOMSON, D.B. 1979 Marine fisheries extension. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 41p. (Paper contributed to the First ASEAN Seminar/Workshop on Fisheries Extension, Manila, 18–25 February 1979).

THOMSON, D.B. 1979 Training requirements of the fisheries of Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 11p. (Paper presented at the SEAFDEC Consultative Meeting on Fisheries Training, Bangkok, 14–18 May, 1979.

KUHNHOLD, W.W. 1979 Aquatic pollution: Classes of pollutants, their occurrence, transport and dispersion. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 22p. (Lecture given at the Seventh FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in Relation to Protection of Living Resources - Analyses of Metals and Organochlorines in Biota. Manila, Philippines, 7 May to 9 June 1979).

KUHNHOLD, W.W. 1979 Effects of aquatic pollution on fish and fisheries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Lecture given at the Seventh FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in Relation to Protection of Living Resources - Analyses of Metals and Organochlorines in Biota. Manila, Philippines, 7 May — 9 June 1979).

RABANAL, H.R. 1979 The design of research in brackishwater aquaculture. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 7p. (Paper contributed to the Seminar/Workshop on Research Methodology and Technical Report Writing, conducted by the Fisheries Training Division, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Fisheries Training Centre. Cavite City, Philippines, 10–29 June 1979).

KUHNHOLD, W.W. 1979 Some aspects of the impact of aquatic oil pollution on fishery resources. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Seminar held at Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines, 31 July 1979).

RABANAL, H.R. 1979 Production and recent innovations in design and management in aquaculture industry in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 7p. (Paper contributed to the Asian Seminar and Tour sponsored by the Bank of America, Manila, 6–9 November 1979).

THOMSON, D.B. 1979 The challenge of the 1980's for fisheries education, training and extension. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 11p. (Paper presented at the First International Symposium on Fishery Education, Fish Processing and Marketing Systems. Mexico, December 1979).

KUHNHOLD, W.W. 1980 Some aspects of the impact of aquatic oil pollution on fishery resources. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 25p. (Paper contributed to the International Workshop on the Prevention, Abatement and Combating of Pollution from Ships in East Asian Waters. 3–8 November 1980, Manila, Philippines).