(a) From the Director, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Indonesia1
I believe that all of us coming from the Southeast Asian countries have familiarity with coastal fishponds a very important source of human food, such as fish, crabs, shrimps and molluscs; and this city is located within such productive area where evidences show how this industry is playing an important role in supporting regional economic development.
Unfortunately, there are also evidences that the state of pond engineering are poorly developed. It is still a problem to assure successful harvest, or expect high production. The FAO UNDP South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme (SCSP), sponsoring this Seminar invited and brought together specialists in this field to participate in the discussions concerning topics dealing with coastal pond engineering. A visit to some of the tambaks and their integrated industries which will be included in this Seminar can be useful as supporting material to the discussions.
This Seminar is one of the many regularly organized by the SCSP in Southeast Asia and although most staff members of this regional body are familiar to us, such as you can see here, it is indeed an honour for me to extend our appreciation for responding to our needs and implementing programmes for the benefit of our fishery development.
On this occasion, I would like also to thank the Governor of East Java who is represented by the Vice-Governor for his kindness in supporting the Seminar to be conducted in Surabaya and also to the Head of the Provincial Fishery Service for assisting the local organization of this Seminar and lastly, to our Director General of the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (AARD) who plays a very important role in promoting research and development in this field.
(b) From the FAO/UNDP-SCSP Representative2
The Programme has purposely chosen East Java as the site of this meeting for the reason that for Indonesia this Province has its own historical background related to coastal pond fish culture. East Java is considered as the place where coastal aquaculture has first developed and now has been expanding to other parts of the country. FAO had conducted regional training courses way back in 1952 here in Indonesia where most of the time the practical exercises and field work on brackishwater fish culture were undertaken in Surabaya and its vicinities. It is a pleasure for us to be here to have this Consultation Seminar.
Within the last decade, coastal aquaculture has shown remarkable development. In the Philippines, it has become a prominent industry for the culture of milkfish and shrimps. Recently, other countries in the region such as Thailand and Malaysia have also shown great interest in this sector. It is indeed true that the available mangrove swamps and coastal mudflats could offer possibilities for the expansion of the industry, and with proper management and conservation measures the balance of the environment will not be endangered and could be maintained.
The South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme as sponsor of this Seminar in cooperation with the Government of Indonesia is always concerned with the development of the fisheries in the region. Its role is among others, to cope with common problems and development opportunities and has given emphasis towards the development of small-scale fisheries including coastal fishpond culture. As progress continues and improvement achieved in this fields, still it is considered necessary to gather more information. In view of the widespread development of the industry, one aspect which needs further assessment is pond engineering to ensure improvement of different basic pond designs and construction for efficient water management and stock manipulation. There is also the need to provide properly engineered fishponds for intensive fish culture.
This Seminar has brought together selected and knowledgeable participants from the region with the task of further elaborating the state of technology available for coastal pond culture development and its practical application in the field. We have here experienced individuals from different disciplines of work as research workers, engineers, biologists and technicians; all of whom have specific specialities in regard to particular aspects of pond engineering. Our expectation is that the Seminar could come out with definite and positive results which will directly benefit pond culture operators in their effort to increase their production. The report of this Seminar hopefully could serve as an engineering guidance in the coastal aquaculture industry for the present. It is also the aim of this Consultation/Seminar to look forward to the pursuance of required future work in this subject matter and during your discussion useful knowledge could be gained that may provide useful contribution towards the relevant future activities in each respective country.
(c) From the Head, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development3
It is significant that Surabaya was chosen as the venue for this Seminar. Historically, our brackishwater fishpond, or what we call “tambak”, originated in this area. You will have the opportunity for on-the-spot observation and study of this centuries old industry and hopefully can give us practical suggestions and recommendations for its improvement. Also holding this Seminar in Surabaya has enabled us to send more of our own staff to participate and gain experience and information from this Seminar.
1 Mr. Mohamad Unar.
2 Mr. V. Soesanto.
3 Mr. Sadikin Sumintawikarta.
The Agency for Agricultural Research and Development of the Ministry of Agriculture through its Central Research Institute for Fisheries is the main host agency for this Consultation Seminar.
Agriculture has been proclaimed to be the sector central to our national development effort in each of the five year development plans (PELITAS) since 1968. The current PELITA III (1979–1984) states that our development efforts are to be directed toward increasing food production, improving farmers income and standard of living, providing fuller and gainful employment opportunities, increasing exports and reducing agricultural imports, increasing the production of agricultural products required for the industrial sector, conserving and utilizing natural resources — all integrated in a harmonious manner consistent with regional development goals.
The development of the Indonesian fisheries industry parallels these goals and includes both marine and inland fisheries. Through modernization of marine fishing, our marine fishery production has increased annually. During the period from 1976 to 1980, this increased from 1 081 589 tons to 1 401 000 tons. At the same time, export of fishery products has increased from 53 000 tons to 73 000 tons. We estimate that these current production levels are only about 30 percent of the maximum sustainable yield of our fishery resources. However, we believe that sooner or later the production will level off due to the rapid development of fishing gear and technology. At present, overexploitation of fishery resources has been experienced in some areas such as the Strait of Malacca, the eastern coast of Sumatra and the north coast of Java.
By contrast, our country has a very high potential for the development of its aquaculture industry. In addition to the existing 182 000 hectares of tambak, 40 000 hectares of fresh-water fishponds and 79 500 hectares of fish culture in paddy fields, we also have about 3.6 million hectares of mangrove swamps, 4.5 million hectares of irrigated paddy fields. 13.7 million hectares of open waters and 61 000 kilometers of coastline that can be used for the industry. Given the necessary inputs, production can also be intensified in the areas that are already developed. The average water temperature is high the year around and our country is free from typhoons.
Research results have indicated that very high production levels may be achieved per unit of culture area by applying certain culture techniques. Bardach, et al (1972) reported a level of production of 1 000 to 4 000 tons of common carp per hectare of running water pond per year with intensive feeding. Our own researchers have produced 250 tons of common carp per hectare per year in running water ponds and 550 tons per hectare per year in floating net cages. Of course, intensive feeding was applied in these experiments.
It is well known that many aquatic organisms are efficient converters of food into protein and some even have the ability to convert sewage, human wastes and other wastes into usable protein.
Because aquaculture is a long established industry in our country, skillful and experienced manpower is readily available for the intensification or expansion of the industry. The inclusion of fish as a cheap source of protein is already common in many of the daily dishes of our society of more than 140 million people. But there is a very real potential for the expansion of fish consumption in our domestic market. Based on this potential and the favourable environmental condition our country affords, we agree wholeheartedly with those who believe that aquaculture will play a very important role in supplying protein food for our people in the future.
However, in spite of the great potential and the favourable conditions which support the development of the industry, aquaculture production has remained at a low level, especially in the coastal fishpond or tambak production areas. According to Schuster, a well known tambak expert, the exploitation of brackishwater ponds in Java must have been evident as early as the year 1400. In 1863, the production area covered 33 000 hectares and it had extended to 182 000 hectares by 1980.
Unfortunately, the long history of the tambak development in our country has not been accompanied by the expected increase in yields. To illustrate this point, the average yields has increased from 300 to 525 kg/ha/year from 1960 to 1980 — an increase of only 75 percent in 20 years. Several constraints contribute to the low yield level. Among them are shortages in the supply of fry, improper pond engineering which in turn causes water supply problems and the maintenance of traditional cultural techniques.
The fry supply shortage is mainly due to dependency on natural stocks. It is estimated that 900 million more milkfish fry are needed each year to intensify production to the desired levels. Another constraint is the rapid expansion of the culture area. As you are likely aware, the milkfish is the only finfish species cultured in brackishwater pond to the present time and shrimp culture has only been introduced into this country recently. Unlike the situation in freshwaters, species diver-sification in the tambaks is very slow — a factor which may also contribute to the fry supply problem.
In order to overcome these problems, we are establishing a new research station in Bali with responsibility to conduct research on milkfish and other finfish breeding and with additional attention to crustaceans. We expect this station to be in operation in early 1984.
The water supply problem can shorten the culture period which in turn will affect pond productivity. This problem is related to improper site selection, design and layout of the fishpond. During your field trip to the tambak areas, you may find units of ponds with the pond to pond or series water supply system. Lack of water supply canal in newly constructed ponds in the mangrove areas may also be observed. Most culture techniques adopted by the farmers are traditional thus the survival of the cultured species is very low.
The very high aquaculture production levels mentioned earlier were obtained through the interaction of a fast growing fish species, good quality feed and optimal water conditions. The latter were created by proper engineering of the culture system which include proper site selection, suitable design, layout and construction of ponds. The role of engineering technology was also observed in the improvement of aquaculture productivity in the breeding of giant freshwater prawns and penaeid shrimps. The use of green, conical fiberglass tanks, water heaters and ultraviolet rays in our experiments can produce a number of post larvae eight times greater than by using rectangular tanks without heaters or ultraviolet rays. The use of water pumps in some brackishwater ponds prolongs the rearing period which in turn produces more fish and shrimp. Another example is the baby box and nursery pond which can lessen the mortality rates of milkfish and shrimp from 70–80 percent to only 30–40 percent. This technology not only provides an increase in fry production but also means a great saving in time and effort.
From these examples, we recognize the importance of engineering to increase our coastal fishpond productivity. The question is: do we have the technology in hand now? According to my observations, most of the advances in our aquaculture, including the engineering aspects, have been derived from fishfarmers as a result of trial and error and only a few advances have resulted from research. In Indonesia, we have what we call the “Taman” and “Porong” types of tambak layouts. We also have shrimp ponds which are actually modified milkfish ponds. These and several other engineering improvements were developed by farmers. We need to do more research in this field. One prominent constraint we have to consider is expertise on pond engineering. Our researchers and the fisheries extension officers are either biologists or aquaculturists. None have the required engineering background in the mechanical, structural, hydraulic, electrical or chemical disciplines.
In closing, I would say that we are expecting inputs from your discussions, exchange of ideas and experiences for the improvement in the engineering of our coastal fishponds. We hope that during your field trip to the tambak areas near here you will give us your ideas on how improvements necessary can be implemented and what practical technology we may implement now for better production in brackishwater ponds. We want and would appreciate your recommendations and suggestions.
(d) From the Director General of Fisheries, Directorate General of Fisheries, Indonesia1
As an archipelagic state, Indonesia is indeed a potential fishing nation. The present condition of our fish production is however, relatively low compared with the available fishery resources. The bulk of our fish production comes from the production in 1982.
The marine fisheries itself is mainly carried out by the small-scale traditional fisheries, which due to limited capabilities is confined to the utilization of the coastal resources. The development of the large scale modern fisheries has been quite successful but still at a very limited extent. The progress however, has not been without problems. Although certain management measures have been applied, social conflicts with the traditional fisheries frequently are unavoidable. This brought about the latest government decision to gradually ban the operation of trawlers in Indonesian waters, starting from the most densely populated western part of the archipelago. The Government is quite aware of the consequences of this drastic action, particularly in the area of employment opportunity and the negative impact on the export of shrimp, which comprised 73 percent of the total value obtained from fisheries products exported in 1981. Indonesia is therefore quite aware of the need for developing her aquaculture potentials.
The increasing role of aquaculture has been one of the targets of fisheries development since the Second Five-Year Development Plan eight years ago, and is getting more emphasis during the Third Five-Year Development Plan. This policy is based on the high potentialities which can be derived from this sub-sector, particularly the social and economic benefits that can be derived therefrom.
With this policy,the contribution of aquaculture to the total fish production which was only 22 000 tons in 1981, is projected to be doubled to 440 000 tons in 1988 at the end of the coming Fourth Five-Year Development Plan. The potential production from existing aquaculture activities has been estimated at 800 000 tons, based on moderate average productivity. This could of course be doubled or even trebled if optimum technological inputs could be secured and applied.
With the continuing world economic recession, Indonesia as also many other countries, is suffering from the decline of exports of many kinds of her traditional commodities. The Government is therefore determined to boost the export of certain commodities which still have a high demand in the world market and command high prices like among others, shrimps. With the banning of trawl operations in Indonesian waters, aquaculture is the main source for shrimp production on a large and concentrated scale. For Indonesia, it is particularly true for penaeid shrimp which are grown in brackish-water ponds. The extent of existing brackishwater ponds covers an area of about 182 000 hectares in 1981, most of which are located in Java, South Sulawesi and Aceh but smaller areas are found in Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Kalimantan, North Sumatra and Lampung. Potential areas for immediate utilization are found especially in Aceh, North Sumatra, South Sulawesi and East Kalimantan, where local fishfarmers or those coming from other adjacent areas have already started in this undertaking.
The average productivity of brackishwater ponds in Indonesia is still relatively low, around 537 kg at the national level, consisting of both fish and shrimp. It has therefore been determined that as one of the targets of the Third Five-Year Development Plan, the productivity of brackishwater ponds will be increased to at least 800 kg/ha/year through an intensification programme. A total of 100 000 hectares of brackish-water ponds has been targetted during the Third Five-Year Development Plan, besides the 31 000 hectares of new ponds targetted for the same period as part of an extensification programme.
It should be admitted however, that the achievement of the goals are facing many problems and constraints. Some of the problems and constraints of specific nature to brackishwater pond development are shortage of fry, both for milkfish and shrimp; supply of sufficient and good quality water; to a certain extent also supply of fertilizers and pesticides; and last but not least the lack of proper pond engineering.
To face the problems and constraints, the Government is initiating the development of small-scale shrimp hatcheries, which eventually will be owned and managed by fishfarmers cooperatives. To tackle the water supply problem, the Directorate General of Fisheries has for some time rehabilitated a limited number of irrigation canals. A more extensive programme which will cover both rehabilitation and construction of new canals is being planned and coordinated with the Directorate General of Water Resources Development of the Department of Public Works.
To help the fishfarmers in developing their ponds, several small-scale credit schemes have been extended. This enabled the fishfarmers to intensify their culture operations. Although quite helpful to the fishfarmers, the programme is felt to be very limited in extent as well as in technological improvement. The Government is therefore negotiating an integrated brackishwater culture development programme with the Asian Development Bank, covering improvement of irrigation canals and pumping systems for the betterment of the water supply; provision of modern medium scale shrimp hatcheries; on-farm activities through intensive and semi-intensive methods; and marketing the yields. The irrigation canals will cover the rehabilitation of 280 km of primary and secondary canals servicing about 19 780 hectares of brackishwater pond in Java. Five hatcheries will be built, three in Java, one in South Sulawesi and one in Aceh. Each hatchery will produce around 40 million shrimp post larvae per year. The intensive on-farm development will cover 1 200 hectares of brackishwater ponds in Central and East Java for shrimp monoculture with a stocking rate of 2 × 20 000 post larvae per hectare per year. The semi-intensive on-farm development will cover about 14 600 hectares in Java, South Sulawesi and Aceh for shrimp and milkfish mix culture with a stocking rate for shrimp post larvae of 2 × 10 000/ha/year. This project, if successful, will be the basis for the further development of modern brackish-water culture in Indonesia.
Another less sophisticated brackishwater culture development programme is also underway as a cooperative effort between the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Finance. Besides on-farm activities, this programme will also cover the construction and operation of small-scale shrimp hatcheries. The scope and site of activities are now being looked into.
New technology inputs are of course still expected to augment the existing development programmes, especially in pond engineering; since it usually has direct influence to the productivity of the ponds.
Technically speaking the pond engineering applied in Indonesia, and to some extent also in other countries in the region is still very poor, resulting in very low survival rates and consequently also very low productivity, and hopefully improvements on this aspect will increase the income, but improvement measures will add the cost and this will be reflected in the economy of the whole effort.
Brackishwater fishponds, or coastal fishponds as they are referred to in this Seminar, traditionally depend on the tidal movement of sea water for their water supply. Due to environmental changes and new pond development to farther inland areas, the dependence on tidal movement becomes impractical to many pond areas. The application of water pumps might to some extent provide a way-out, but the type of pumps suitable for this purpose and the additional cost incurred are factors still needing careful consideration if a tangible benefit is to be expected for the farmers.
As an artificial environment for the growth of aquatic biota, particularly fish and shrimp, the brackishwater ponds should provide a water medium suitable quantitatively as well as qualitatively for optimum management. As far as possible, the ponds should be free from leakage problems, but at the same time it should be possible to drain them whenever required. The construction of dikes is a costly component, especially if it should meet the optimum technical requirements.
The size and the different compartments provided in one pond holding, vary quite considerably in brackishwater pond holdings in Indonesia. With a national average holding of 2.86 hectares, there are many instances where the holdings are very small and miss the opportunity to develop the needed compartments for optimum technical as well as economical requirements. The provision of appropriate compartments in brackishwater ponds is very important as it will influence the productivity of the ponds. Right now, very few ponds in Indonesia are provided with nursery and transition compartments. This increases the mortality rate of the fish or shrimp fry, and has bearing to the economy of the undertaking.
The size and shape of the individual ponds do not only present problems to the development of appropriate pond engineering, they also present problems in the planning and construction of suitable irrigation systems for certain areas. Land reform or land consolidation programmes might be one of the satisfactory answers, but it is not always applicable and acceptable to all countries and circumstances. Cooperative movements and the establishment of farmer groups might ease the implementation of pond holding consolidation programmes.
One of the most decisive factors in determining the productivity of fishponds once the problem of mortality has kept at a minimum level, is the provision of feedstuff for the growth of the cultured species. Feed can be provided either from external source or by growing living aquatic organisms in the ponds at the same time as the cultured species are being grown. Where feedstuff is to be grown in the ponds, the right pond engineering should be applied, so that the fertility for the growth of the food organisms is maintained while on the other hand, it will not adversely compete with the growth of the main species cultured. A balance growth of both will appreciably benefit the economy of the venture.
With still having vast potential for brackishwater pond development, Indonesia is not only interested in the development of the more sophisticated pond engineering suitable for intensive culture, but also in the less sophisticated ones suitable for extensive culture. This is needed where small-scale operations with low-cost technology is to be introduced, particularly in the remote areas outside Java. Intensification will then be carried out gradually within some years. This will, among others, be implemented through transmigration of fishfarmers from Java.
To conclude, I would like to restress the importance of pond engineering in supporting brackishwater culture development. But to be of real value to the existing community in this region, the technology used should be the appropriate one, suited to the needs and capabilities of the community itself. This means that for a region like Southeast Asia, different sets of technologies will be needed to suit the various conditions prevailing in this region.
(e) From H.E. the Governor of East Java1
Permit me first of all to extend the most cordial welcome to the Director General of Fisheries, Head of the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, participants of the “Consultation/Seminar on Coastal Fishpond Engineering” and participants from Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and representatives from FAO/UNDP, USAID and other agencies.
I also wish to extend my gratitude to the Ministry of Agriculture who has entrusted the Province of East Java to be host of the seminar and may I therefore express the hope that the result of the seminar be of great benefit for the technology of coastal fishpond management besides the aim to foster cooperation among the nations in Asia.
Considering and observing the coastal fishpond system our attention and interest are focused on two factors, i.e., technology on development of production and marketing guidance of the yield.
Guidance on production is aimed towards the five integrated policies including consideration of the following:
Maximum use of labour for intensification to gain optimum productivity;
Maximum use of labour for extensification to the still potential areas;
Diversification of labour/effort horizontally and vertically in order to realize an integrated farmers' operation to raise the income of fishfarmers;
Realization of a clean and efficient technology having no side effects which may be created; and
Increase of production oriented on the market demand and procurement of food.
Marketing guidance is directed towards the three main supporting factors, i.e.
Improvement of the variety and quality of the yield oriented on extensive market demand;
Improvement of facilities, infrastructure, system and marketing organization which support production activities and create the system of market information; and
Stimulating the people to consume fishery products extensively as nutriment.
Development of fishery activities is in general aimed at production of economic-oriented fish in the framework of developing commercial fish and cheap fish programme. Besides, the efficient fishery technology applied in East Java, it is still considered necessary that the new technology of marine culture be introduced and pioneered. Taking this fact into consideration, I do appreciate the initiative of cooperation between the Directorate General of Fisheries and the Directorate General of Irrigation in restoring fishpond canals considered to be of prime importance, besides the expansion in using coastal fishpond pumping system as was pioneered in East Java through the 250 units through President's grant.
As an illustration, I wish to put forward the overall fishpond condition in East Java. Fishponds in East Java spreads over 44 500 ha which covers 25 percent of the country's fishpond area; which employs 11 600 people, 81 percent of them located in the regencies and municipalities of Gresik, Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Pasuruan covering an area of 35 400 ha managed by 9 268 fishfarmers.
For the monoculture of milkfish (Chanos chanos), I ha yields 800 kg yearly while a mix culture cultivation of milkfish and tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) spread over 11 500 ha or 25 percent of the fishpond area of East Java. The yields average 250 kg tiger shrimp and 500 kg milkfish a year.
Income per capita for fishfarmers is at Rp 108 1682 with the following range — Rp 201 461 for modern fishfarmers and Rp 63 466 for traditional fishfarmers. The comparative values of the mentioned income per capita should further be related to the minimal physical needs per farmer family which is recently Rp 95 000 per capita in a year. Consequently, it will be noticed that income per capita of a modern fishfarmer tops the standard of minimal physical needs whereas that of a traditional fishfarmer is still below standard, a case which still poses problem to be solved.
Other complications are: Inadequacy in milkfish fry and shrimp fry; a deficiency of ± 200 million shrimp fry yearly or 88 percent as East Java produces up to 120 million milkfish fry which is 40 percent of the needs of East Java. These are the figures taken from a consideration of a 23 800 ha coastal fishpond area which is being intensified by way of applying the sapta usaha budidaya (semi-intensive method) with a stocking rate of 10 000 shrimp fry/ha/year and 7 500 milkfish fry/ha/year whereas the remaining fishpond area of 20 700 ha land are still being prepared traditionally or where monoculture (milkfish) of 7 500 fry/ha/year is used.
1 Speech delivered by Vice-Governor Soeparmanto.
2 Rp (rupiah) 650 = US$ 1 (August 1982).
Conclusion: East Java needs ± 230 million shrimp fry/year and 320 million milkfish fry/year. Whereas East Java production capacity has only reached ± 30 million shrimp fry and ± 200 million milkfish fry/year.
Intensification of culture techniques is aimed at increasing crop seasons to three times per year in the effort to spur production cumulatively by 30 percent. This is to be done by providing the requirement which ensures good irrigation system at the farmer's disposal continuously. For these particular purposes, restoration of fishpond canals and availability of water pumps are of utmost significance.
Due to financial problems with fishpond farmers who are counted as the weak economy group, it becomes impossible for them to totally restore the old construction, adjusting it to the latest fishpond technology.
The living quarters of the fishpond owners, who are not farmers, from the pond location tend to complicate information activities.
These are the four main problems we are apt to find solution by way of building more shrimp hatcheries, i.e., 50 units with production capacity of 3 to 4 million fry/year. For the procurement of milkfish fry, we are supposed to absorb the fry sent to us from other parts, e.g., West Nusa Tenggara and South Sulawesi, besides stimulating intensification of catching the milkfish fry.
Restoration of fishpond canals will ensure availability of clean water free from filth.
For total restoration of the fishpond, provision to gain soft credit (kredit lunak) should be light and easy, whereas for the extensification activities credit from the Rural Credit Project would be appropriated.
Mobility of fishery field extension workers in forwarding extension should be intensified.
For increasing production and productivity marine technology is still being worked out in Indonesia, besides the fact that realization of cheap, clean and efficient modern technology is something we hope for.
May I therefore forward my suggestion to increase and develop the frequency and keenness in fishery research while the regencies in various parts of the country are anxiously waiting for the input of the final result to be tested and practised.
In closing, I declare the Consultation/Seminar on Coastal Fishpond Engineering formally open.
(f) From the FAO/UNDP-SCSP Representative1
On behalf of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme (SCSP) of the FAO/UNDP, I would like to express my very sincere gratitude and indebtedness to the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, and the Directorate General of Fisheries, both of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government of Indonesia. for having made this important occasion possible and indeed so enjoyable.
I wish, at this point, that our long-time friend and colleague, the late Mr. Tirso Jamandre, could be with us. I need not remind ourselves that he was a highly competent professional in this field. Although he could not be physically here today, I am sure his spirit and his inspiration had all this time been with us. Ladies and gentlemen, with the kind permission of the host, I ask all participants to pay our respect to Tirso by having a one-minute silence
I also wish to thank the governments of the member countries of the SCSP for having sent their very capable and experienced staff to participate in this Consultation/Seminar. The participation of the United States Agency for International Development and the private sector has also further highlighted the value of the outcome of this occasion.
We have been reminded in the session by comments and by implication mainly, that the development of coastal fishpond engineering, if it is to meet the needs of coastal pond culture development, must be a multidisciplinary task. There is no quarrel with this tenet.
We have also told ourselves that while to gather sea life is not economical below a certain size and concentration of animal at any level of technological sophistication, the same situation is true in aquaculture when cost and earnings fail to strike a happy balance.
These and other problems were discussed and suggestions and recommendations drawn with a view to ensuring the over-all betterment of coastal fishpond engineering in the region.
In view of the breadth of topics discussed, it would be presumptuous and futile for me to attempt to summarize our deliberations. In the reports of this Consultation/Seminar, our findings will no doubt be systematically presented.
Finally, fellow participants, I am sure you will also wish to thank the Organizing Committee and its secretariat for all the work done in such an efficient way.
(g) From a Representative of the Participants2
As this Consultation/Seminar on Coastal Fishpond Engineering draws to a close and we return to our respective countries and responsibilities, each participant, I am sure, feels that the time spent here was put to good use.
The Consultation/Seminar ends but this is where work for each of us begins. We leave with a broader view of the regional situation of coastal aquaculture engineering.
For the valuable experience and for the opportunity to exchange views and interact with specialists and practitioners of coastal engineering in the region, we, as participants are indebted to the FAO UNDP South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme who recognized the need for this seminar, envisioned and planned it, and finally brought us together. FAO cooperated with the Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and the Directorate General of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, and to them, we the participants give our appreciation and gratitude.
Seribu terima kasih!
1 Delivered by W.L. Chan.
2 Delivered by Ms. D.J. Jamandre (Philippines).
PUBLICATIONS OF THE
SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME
WORKING PAPERS
SCS/74/WP/1 RABANAL, H.R. The potentials of aquaculture development in the Indo-Pacific Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 34p.
SCS/74/WP/2 CRUTCHFIELD, J.A., D.A. LAWSON and G.K. MOORE. Malaysia — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 27p.
SCS/74/WP/3 MARR, J.C. Republic of Vietnam — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 20p.
SCS/75/WP/4 LARSSON, S.O.R., G.C.A. VAN NOORT and E.O. OSWALD. Malaysia — A report on artisanal fisheries of Peninsular Malaysia with particular reference to Kuala Besut. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 58p.
SCS/75/WP/5 RABANAL, H.R. Irian Jaya, Indonesia — Survey of possibilities and recommendations for development of brackishwater fish production. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 27p.
SCS/75/WP/6 TUSSING, A.R. Fishery development perspectives. Sub-Region V: South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. (IPFC/74/Sym/7). 22p.
SCS/75/WP/7 MURDOCH, W.R. and M.A. MYERS. Republic of Singapore — Anassessment of the Jurong Fishing Harbour complex and expansion site on the east bank of the Jurong River. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 46p.
SCS/75/WP/8 PETERSON, C.L., K.J. ROSENBERG and A.C. SIMPSON. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyages 1 and 2. December 1–13, 1974 and January 5-February 3, 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 37p.
SCS/75/WP/9 OSWALD. E.O. and R.E.K.D. LEE. Regional — A proposal for live bait pole-and-line tuna fishing survey in the South China Sea and adjacent waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 38p.
SCS/75/WP/10 ROSENBERG, K.J. and A.C. SIMPSON. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyage 3. 9 February-26 March 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p.
SCS/75/WP/11 PETERSON, C.L. Regional — Resource survey of larger pelagic fish. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 32p.
SCS/75/WP/12 ROSENBERG, K.J., A.C. SIMPSON and C.M. RENWICK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyage 4. 9 April-24 May 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 36p.
SCS/75/WP/13 BAUM, G.A. Kuala Besut II — A supplementary report on selected socio-economic aspects and problems in a fishermen's community on the east coast of Penin-sular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 43p.
SCS/75/WP/14 CUERDEN, C. Library services for the South China Sea Fisheries Programme and its participating countries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 48p.
SCS/75/WP/15 LAWSON, R.M. Malaysia — An interim report on socio-economic aspects of the development of artisanal fisheries on the east coast of Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 29p.
SCS/75/WP/16 JAMANDRE, T.J. and H.R. RABANAL. Engineering aspects of brackishwater aquaculture in the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 96p.
SCS/75/WP/17 MURDOCH, W.R. Malaysia — Assessment of the viability and potential of the joint-venture. MAJUIKAN Mid-east Sdn Bhd, Kuching, Sarawak as requested by Lembaga MAJUIKAN, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 16p. (Restricted)
SCS/75/WP/18 CLEAVER, W.D. Malaysia — A preliminary design and general arrangement for an offshore purse seine vessel for the east coast of West Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 35p.
SCS/75/WP/19 PISCHEDDA, J.L. Republic of the Philippines — Legal and institutional aspects in the development of the fishing industry. Preliminary observations and identification of the main obstacles. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 35p.
SCS/75/WP/20 SIMPSON, A.C. Regional — Acoustic surveys of pelagic resources. Report No. 1. Gulf of Thailand, July 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p.
SCS/75/WP/21 CINTAS. D. and C.M. RENWICK. Regional — Report of aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish. I. Philippine waters, 12–29 June 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 28p.
SCS/76/WP/22 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Tobuan/Sual, Pangasinan Province, Central Luzon — A socio-economic study on a rural fishing population in Central Luzon in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme, 1976. 44p.
SCS/76/WP/23 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Panigayan, Lampinigan, Baluk-Baluk and Manangal, Basilan Province. A socio-economic study on four fishermen's communities affiliated to the Basilan Fishing Association (BFA/Isabela in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 62p.
SCS/76/WP/24 BARICA. J. Nutrient-dynamics in eutophic inland waters and for aquaculture in some countries bordering the South China Sea with particular reference to mass fish mortalities. Proposal for monitoring programmes, Philippines, Thailand and Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 43p.
SCS/76/WP/25 ROSENBERG, K.J., A.C. SIMPSON and J.A. MAYNARD. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Royal Venture and Southward Ho covering Voyages 5 and 6. 13 June-10 September 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 52p.
SCS/76/WP/26 MOORE. G.K. Malaysia — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. (2nd working paper). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 38p.
SCS/76/WP/27 WHEELAND. H.A. Malaysia — Preliminary observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 22p.
SCS/76/WP/28 MAYNARD. J.A. Regional — Report of aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish. II. Thailand — 20 November-1 December 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 20p.
SCS/76/WP/29 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Salay, Misamis Oriental Province — A socio-economic study on the fishing population of the seven coastal barrios of Salay Municipality in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 47p.
SCS/76/WP/30 MURDOCH, W.R. Hong Kong — A preliminary feasibility study to prosecute offshore pelagic stocks from Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 27p.
SCS/76/WP/31 JOHNSON. R.F. Preliminary report on aquatic pollution in the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 34p.
SCS/76/WP/32 WHEELAND, H.A. Preliminary observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Singapore. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 21p.
SCS/76/WP/33 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Coron/Tagumpay — Buswanga Island/Calamianes Group (Palawan Province). A socio-economic study of two rural fishing populations in northern Palawan in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 112p.
SCS/76/WP/34 JONES. R. Mesh regulations in the demersal fisheries of the South China Sea area. Regional. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 79p.
SCS/76/WP/35 SIMPSON, A.C. and S. CHIKUNI. Progress report on fishing for tuna in Philippine waters by FAO chartered purse seiners. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 38p.
SCS/76/WP/36 BONGA, O.B. Vessel specifications and drawings for two 10 m multipurpose fishing vessels for the small-scale fisheries project — Kuala Besut. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 36p.
SCS/76/WP/37 SHANG, Y.C. Economics of various management techniques for pond culture of finfish. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 36p.
SCS/76/WP/38 JOHNSON, H.N. Malaysia — A preliminary study of investment opportunities for the development of small-scale fisheries on east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 21p.
SCS/76/WP/39 SHANG. Y.C. Follow-up programmes on economics of aquaculture in the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 19p.
SCS/76/WP/40 COOK. J.L. Problems in shrimp culture in the South China Sea region, Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 50p.
SCS/76/WP/41 JOHNSON, H., J. DIBBS and R. NASOETION, Indonesia — A preliminary assessment for small-scale fisheries development in Riau North Sumatra and West Kalimantan Provinces. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 51p.
SCS/76/WP/42 BAUM, G.A. and J.A. MAYNARD. Bayawan Municipality, Negros Oriental Province/Negros. A socio-economic study on the rural fishing population of Bayawan municipality in connection with the Municipal Fisheries Pilot Programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 33p.
SCS/76/WP/43 MAYNARD, J.A. Philippines — Report on aerial survey for schooling pelagic fish in waters of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea adjacent to Palawan Island. 9–12 March 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p.
SCS/76/WP/44 CHAKRABORTY. D. Fisheries statistics in the Philippines — A plan for a new and expanded data collection programme. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 70p.
SCS/76/WP/45 MARR. J.C., G. CAMPLEMAN and W.R. MURDOCH. Thailand — An analysis of the present and recommendations for future fishery development and management policies, programmes and institutional arrangements. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 185p. (Restricted)
SCS/76/WP/46 CLEAVER, W. and O.B. BONGA. Thailand — Preliminary design, general arrangement and lines plans for two pelagic pure seine/midwater trawl research vessel, 27.5 m and 24 m lengths. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. (Not issued)
SCS/76/WP/47 CLEAVER.W. Hong Kong — A preliminary design, general arrangement and specifications for a combination pelagic/demersal research vessel. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. (Not issued)
SCS/76/WP/48 SIMPSON, A.C. and W.R. MURDOCH. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Royal Venture — Trips Nos. 7 & 8. 1 October-February 1976. Area — Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p.
SCS/76/WP/49 SIMPSON, A.C. and W.R. MURDOCH. Regional — Trip reports of chartered vessel Southward Ho — Trips 7 & 8. 11 September 1975-March 1976. Areas — Malaysia and Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 33p.
SCS/76/WP/50 SIMPSON, A.C. and W.R. MURDOCH. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Royal Venture and Southward Ho — Trip No. 9. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 22p.
SCS/76/WP/51 SIMPSON, A.C. and W.R. MURDOCH. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho — Trips 10 and 11. 15 April-8 August 1976. Area — East, North and West Coasts Luzon Island. Bohol Sea, Sulu Sea, Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 20p.
SCS/76/WP/52 WHEELAND, H.A. Statistics for fisheries development. Regional. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 11p.
SCS/76/WP/53 CHRISTY, L.C. Republic of the Philippines — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 65p. (Restricted)
SCS/76/WP/54 MAYNARD, J.A. Philippines — Province of Tawi-Tawi project identification and semi-detailed feasibility study relative to improving the status of small-scale fishermen and creating an integrated fishing industry in the Province of Tawi-Tawi. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 110p.
SCS/77/WP/55 OSWALD, E.O. and J.A. MAYNARD. Thailand — Proposed small-scale fisheries pilot project for Ban Ao Nakam Pom, Rayong Province. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 38p.
SCS/77/WP/56 MURDOCH, W.R. and P.S. WALCZAK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel, Southward Ho covering Voyage 12. Area — waters of the Sulu Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 11p.
SCS/77/WP/57 MURDOCH, W.R. and P.S. WALCZAK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Southward Ho and Royal Venture covering Voyage 13. Area mainly Moro Gulf, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 18p.
SCS/77/WP/58 SIMPSON, A.C., W.R. MURDOCH. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessel Southward Ho covering Voyages Nos. 14 and 15. Area — Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries, Programme, 1977. 15p.
SCS/77/WP/59 MURDOCH, W.R. and P.S. WALCZAK. Regional — Trip reports of chartered purse seine vessels Southward Ho covering Voyages Nos. 16 and 17. Area — waters of the Moro Gulf. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 23p.
SCS/77/WP/60 DOTY, M.S. Seaweed resources and their culture in the countries of the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 19p.
SCS/77/WP/61 RABANAL, H.R. et al. Shellfisheries of Thailand: Background and proposal for development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 14p.
SCS/77/WP/62 CHAKRABORTY, D. Observations and recommendations concerning the fisheries statistics programme of Hong Kong. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 14p.
SCS/77/WP/63 CHAKRABORTY, D. Observations and recommendations concerning the inland fisheries statistics programme of Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 15p.
SCS/77/WP/64 HANSEN, K.A., P. LOVSETH and A.C. SIMPSON. Acoustic surveys of pelagic resources. Report No. 2. Hong Kong, November 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 24p.
SCS/77/WP/65 CHRISTY, L.C. Republic of the Philippines — Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries development. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 55p.
SCS/77/WP/66 MURDOCH, W.R. et al. A proposal for a small-scale fisheries pilot project in the Pulau Tujuh (Seven Islands) area, Riau Archipelago District, Riau, Province. Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 69p.
SCS/77/WP/67 MOORE, G. Malaysia — A new fisheries bill. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 56p.
SCS/77/WP/68 GEDNEY, R.H. Water supply of the fishery development centre in the freshwater aquaculture at Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia.
SCS/78/WP/69 CHAN, W.L. et al. Cage culture of marine fish in east coast Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 66p.
SCS/78/WP/70LEE, R.E.K.D. Results of small-scale live bait pole-and-line fishing explorations for tuna in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 41p.
SCS/78/WP/71 MOORE. G. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management and development - a new licensing system, Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 23p. (Restricted)
SCS/78/WP/72 ANGELES, H.G. Preliminary fish and resources survey along the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978.
SCS/78/WP/73 DE LA CRUZ, Y.T. Malaysia - Small-scale fishermen credit and subsidy programmes - Implementing guideline recommendations (with particular reference to the Kuala Besut Fishermen's Association). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 50p.
SCS/78/WP/74 CHIKUNI, S. Report on fishing for tuna in Philippine waters by FAO chartered purse seiners. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. (Published as SCS/DEV/78/18).
SCS/78/WP/75 FYSON, J.E. Fishing vessel design proposals for small-scale artisanal fisheries in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 23p.
SCS/78/WP/76 LAU, F. and CHENG CHOR LUK. Recent innovations in the cage culture activity at Kuala Besut small-scale fisheries pilot project, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 16p.
SCS/78/WP/77 WHEELAND, H.A. Proposal for further development of fishery statistics programmes in developing countries with particular reference to the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 6p.
SCS/78/WP/78 MOORE, G. Legal and institutional aspects of fisheries management and development - A second Interim Report (Thailand) Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 37p. (Restricted)
SCS/79/WP/79 JONASSON. G. and PAISAL KATANYUWONG. Review of fishing activities of the small-scale fisheries project in Kuala Besut, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 23p.
SCS/79/WP/80 CANSDALE, G.S. Low-cost water filtration system. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 73p.
SCS/79/WP/81 LISAC, H. Some technical aspects of small-scale fish landing facilities. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 32p.
SCS/79/WP/82 CHAKRABORTY, D. Catch and analysis of fishermen in Kuala Besut, Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 59p.
SCS/79/WP/83 THOMPSON, B.G. Thailand — Management of fisheries data - feasibility of computerization. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 24p.
SCS/79/WP/84 CANSDALE, G.S. Report on second regional consultancy low-cost water filtration. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 48p.
SCS/79/WP/85 NEW, M. Report of consultancy on the fish nutrition programme at Changi Marine Fisheries Research Centre, Primary Production Department, Singapore. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 8p.
SCS/79/WP/86 WOYNAROVICH, E. and W.W. KUHNHOLD. Report of consultancy to Penang, Malaysia, regarding animal waste management problem. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 59p.
SCS/79/WP/87 THOMSON, D.B. Intermediate technology and alternative energy systems for small-scale fisheries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 69p.
SCS/80/WP/88 HECHANOVA, R.G. and B. TIENSONGRUSMEE. Report of assistance on selection of site, design, construction and management of the Ban Merbok, Kedah, Malaysia Brackishwater Aquaculture Demonstration Project. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 154p.
SCS/80/WP/89 TIENSONGRUSMEE, B. and R.G. HECHANOVA. Malaysia - Evaluation of the site selected, design of project and proposed construction and operations of the MAJUIKAN Tanjong Tualang Freshwater Aquaculture Centre. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 52p.
SCS/80/WP/90 SKILLMAN, R.A. Tuna statistics Indo-Pacific and Indian Ocean. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 45p.
SCS/80/WP/91 TRONO, G.C., JR., H.R. RABANAL and I. SANTIKA. Report of technical assistance on seaweed farming in Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 56p.
SCS/80/WP/92 BILAL, J. and W.W. KUHNHOLD. Marine oil pollution in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 85p.
SCS/80/WP/93 EVANS, E.D. Legal and policy consideration for use of the chartered fishing vessels in Philippine waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 35p. (Restricted)
SCS/80/WP/94 GOMEZ, E.D. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Regional Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 102p.
SCS/80/WP/94a SOEGIARTO, A. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Indonesia. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 65p.
SCS/80/WP/94b SASEKUMAR, A. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 80p.
SCS/80/WP/94c GOMEZ, E.D. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Philippines. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 88p.
SCS/80/WP/94d ZOOLOGY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Singapore. Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 76p.
SCS/80/WP/94e TWESUKDI, P. The present state of mangrove ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the impact of pollution — Thailand, Revised. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 108p.
SCS/80/WP/95 WHEELAND, H.A. and P.J. HOOKER. Organizational implications of a fisheries information system for the Philippines; specific recommendations regarding BFAR's statistics programme; and a plan for implementation. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 33p.
SCS/80/WP/96 HECHANOVA, R.G. Technical assistance on the design of government coastal aquaculture projects in Peninsular Malaysia. (A pattern for planning and design of aquaculture facility). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 78p.
SCS/80/WP/97 LISAC, H. Some aspects of fish utilization in small-scale fisheries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 32p.
SCS/80/WP/98 HECHANOVA, R.G. Indonesia — The engineering aspects of selected aquaculture projects. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 79p.
SCS/81/WP/99 HOOKER, P.J. and E.J. SAVARIRAJ. A fisheries information system for Peninsular Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 40p.
SCS/81/WP/100 HECHANOVA, R.G. Engineering aspects of selected aquaculture projects in Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 15p. (Annexes A to D)
SCS/81/WP/101 (FL/WPSCS/81/2) NAIR, R. Malaysia — A new fisheries bill — 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 15p. (Confidential and restricted)
SCS/82/WP/102 DELA CRUZ, C. Republic of the Philippines — Fishpen and cage culture development project in Laguna de Bay. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 27p.
SCS/82/WP/103 GLUDE, J.B., M.A. STEINBERG and R.C. STEVENS. The feasibility of oyster and mussel farming by municipal fishermen in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 100p.
SCS/82/WP/104 (FL/WPSCS/82/1) NAIR, R. Regional compendium of fisheries legislation. Vol. I. (Regional Fisheries Law Advisory Programme Western Pacific and South China Sea region). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 42p.
SCS/82/WP/105 (FL/WPSCS/82/1) NAIR, R. Regional compendium of fisheries legislation. Vol. II (Legislation) (Regional Fisheries Law Advisory Programme Western Pacific and South China Sea region). Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 585p.
SCS/82/WP/106 (FL/WPSCS/82/3) NAIR, R. Draft fisheries regulation — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 9p. (Restricted)
SCS/82/WP/107 (FL/WPSCS/82/4) NAIR, R. Draft bilateral access agreement — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 8p. (Restricted)
SCS/82/WP/108 (FL/WPSCS/82/5) NAIR, R. Law of the sea and Fiji. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (Restricted)
SCS/82/WP/109 (FL/WPSCS/82/6) NAIR, R. EEZ — Malaysia legislation. Part I. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 5p. (Restricted)
SCS/82/WP/110 GLUDE, J.B. The potential for seafarming in the Riau Archipelago district of Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 28p.
SCS/82/WP/111 IPTP/82/WP/2 DE JESUS, A.S. Tuna fishing gears of the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 47p.
SCS/82/WP/112 IPTP/82/WP/3 WHITE, T.F. and M. YESAKI. The status of tuna fisheries in Indonesia and the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 62p.
SCS/82/WP/113 IPTP/82/WP/4 YESAKI, M. Illustrated key to small and/or immature species of tuna and bonitos of the Southeast Asian Region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 16p.
SCS/82/WP/114 IPTP/82/WP/5 WHITE, T.F. The Philippine tuna fishery and aspects of the population dynamics of tunas in Philippine waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982.
SCS/82/WP/115 EDESON, W. EEZ — Malaysia legislation. Part II. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (Restricted).
SCS/82/WP/116 FL/WPSCS/82/10 EDESON, W. Comments on the fisheries bill — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 4p.
SCS/83/WP/117 GEDNEY, R.H., Y.C. SHANG and H.L. COOK. Comparative study of tidal and pumped water supply for brackishwater aquaculture ponds in Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1983. 40p.
SCS/83/WP/118 IPTP/83/WP/6 YESAKI, M. The pelagic fisheries of the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1983. 15p.
SCS/83/WP/119 IPTP/83/WP/7 YESAKI, M. Observations on the biology of yellowfin (Thunnus alba- cares) and skipjack (Katsuwonomus pelamis) tuna in the Philippine waters. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1983.
SCS/83/WP/120 FL/WPSCS/82/11 EDESON. W. Revised draft fisheries regulations — Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1983. 26p. (Restricted).
NOTE: Copies of these papers can be obtained by writing to the Programme in Manila, Philippines.
WORKSHOP REPORTS
SCS/GEN/74/1 Report on the workshop on planning and coordinating of resources survey and evaluation in the South China Sea. 28 August–4 September 1974. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries, Programme, 1974. 197p.
SCS/GEN/76/2 Report of the workshop on the fishery resources of the Malacca Strait. Part I. Jakarta, 29 March-2 April 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 89p.
SCS/GEN/76/3 Report of workshop on legal and institutional aspects of fishery resources management and development. 5–8 April 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 95p.
SCS/GEN/76/4 Report on the training workshop for field enumerators of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources — Philippines. 22–31 March 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 32p.
SCS/GEN/76/5 UNDP/FAO Training course on the management of small-scale fishery enterprises. Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia, 25 August-26 September 1975. Rome, FAO. 1976. 14p.
SCS/GEN/76/6 Report of the workshop on the fishery resources of the Malacca Strait — Part II. Jakarta, 29 March–2 April 1976. South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 85p.
SCS/GEN/76/7 Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the Visayan and Sibuyan Area. Tigbauan, Hoilo, Philippines. 18–22 October 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 26p.
SCS/GEN/76/8 Philippines — Report seminar on the fisheries statistics survey of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. 23 July 1976. DNR/BFAR/SCSP, Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 17p.
SCS/GEN/77/9 Report of the consultative group meeting on small-scale fisheries development in the South China Sea Region. 13–15 December 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 140p.
SCS/GEN/77/10 Report on the training workshop on fisheries statistics, Malaysia, 12–21 October 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 27p.
SCS/GEN/77/11 Report on the BFAR/SCSP workshop on fishery resources of the Sulu Sea and Moro Gulf areas, 25–29 April 1977, Cagayan de Oro. Manila, 1977. 58p.
SCS/GEN/78/12 Report of the workshop on the demersal resources, Sunda Shelf. Part I. 31 October-4 November 1977. Penang, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 58p.
SCS/GEN/78/13 Report of the workshop on the demersal resources. Sunda Shelf. Part II. 31 October-4 November 1977. Penang. Malaysia, Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 120p.
SCS/GEN/78/14 Joint SCSP SEAFDEC workshop on aquaculture engineering (with emphasis on small-scale aquaculture projects) Vol. 1 — General Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. v.p.
SCS/GEN/78/15 Joint SCSP SEAFDEC workshop on aquaculture engineering (with emphasis on small-scale aquaculture projects) Vol. II — Technical Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 463p.
SCS/GEN/78/16 A layout of standard tables of fishery statistics in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 162p.
SCS/GEN/78/17 Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of mackerels (Rastrelliger spp) and round scads (Decapterus spp) in the South China Sea. Part I. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 70p.
SCS/GEN/78/18 Report of the workshop on management of resources of the Sunda Shelf. Malacca Strait and related areas. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 14p.
SCS/GEN/78/19 Report of the BFAR SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the Pacific Coast of the Philippines. 18–22 September 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 48p.
SCS/GEN/79/20 Report of the workshop on demersal and pelagic fish resources of the Java Sea. 5–9 December 1978. Semarang. Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 60p.
SCS/GEN/79/21 Report of the workshop on the tuna resources of Indonesia and Philippine waters, Jakarta. 20–23 March 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 35p.
SCS/GEN/79/22 Report of the BFAR/SCSP workshop on the fishery resources of the north Luzon and western coasts of Luzon. 18–20 April 1979. Manila, Philippines Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 57p.
SCS/GEN/79/23 Report on training course in fishery statistics. 2 October-10 November 1978. Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. v.p.
SCS/GEN/79/24 Report of the consultation meeting on management of tuna resources of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 26–29 June 1979. Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 155p.
SCS/GEN/80/25 Report of the workshop on application and results of acoustic methods for resource appraisal surveys in the South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 19p. Annexes 1 to 4.
SCS/GEN/80/26 Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of penaeid shrimps in the South China Sea area. Part I. 30 June–5 July 1980. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 162p.
SCS/GEN/81/27 Report of the workshop on application and results of acoustic methods for resource appraisal surveys in the South China Sea. Part II. 19–23 November 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 102p.
SCS/GEN/80/28 Report of the training course in prawn farming for Asia and the Pacific. Jepara. Central Java, Indonesia. 5 October-15 November 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 138p.
SCS/GEN/81/29 Report on the training course on Gracilaria algae. (A training subproject under FAO/UNDP Project RAS/79/041 implemented through RAS/74/013). Manila, Philippines. 1–30 April 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981.
SCS/GEN/81/30 Report of the workshop on the biology and resources of penaeid shrimps in the South China Sea area. Part II. 30 June-5 July 1980. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981.
SCS/GEN/81/31 Report of the regional seminar on monitoring, control and surveillance of fisheries in exclusive economic zones. 30 November-4 December 1981. Jakarta, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. v.p.
SCS/GEN/82/32 A selected bibliography of tuna fisheries in the South China Sea region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 24p.
SCS/GEN/82/33 Working party on small-scale shrimp prawn hatcheries in Southeast Asia. Vol. 1 — General report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 30p.
SCS/GEN/82/34 Report of the training course on small-scale pen cage culture for finfish. 26–31 October and 1–12 November 1981. Laguna, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 246p.
SCS/GEN/82/35 Training on assessment of coastal aquaculture potential, Malaysia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 62p.
SCS/GEN/82/36 Provisional list of shrimp and prawn aquaculturists in Southeast Asia Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 16p.
SCS/GEN/82/37 Report of the training course on growing food organisms for fish hatcheries. Tigbauan, Hoilo, Philippines, 3–22 August 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 225p.
SCS/GEN/82/38 Report on the regional training courses on fishery stock assessment and statistics. Part I. General Report. Samutprakarn, Thailand. 1 September-9 October 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 67p.
SCS/GEN/82/39 Report of the training course on seabass spawning and larval rearing. Songkhla, Thailand, 1–20 June 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 105p.
SCS/GEN/82/40 Working party on small-scale shrimp prawn hatcheries in Southeast Asia Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 16–21 November 1981. Vol. II. Technical Report. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 125p.
SCS/GEN/82/41 Report on the regional training course on fishery stock assessment. 1 September-9 October 1981, Samutprakarn, Thailand. Part II — Technical Report Vol. 1. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 238p.
SCS/GEN/82/41a Report on the regional training course on fishery statistics. 1 September–9 October 1981, Samutprakarn, Thailand. Part II — Technical Report. Vol. 2. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. v.p.
SCS/GEN/82/42 Report of the consultation/seminar on coastal fishpond engineering. 4–12 August 1982. Surabaya, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 211p.
SCS/GEN/82/43 Report of the workshop on the development of rural coastal fisheries. 15–24 March 1982. Manila, Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 52p.
SCS/GEN/82/44 Joint IDRC/SCSP fish quarantine workshop. 6–11 December 1982. Jakarta, Indonesia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982.
SCS/GEN/79/45 Regional training workshop on joint venture agreements in fisheries. Manila, 15–27 January 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Report was not made but papers are available at the SCSP Library).
SCS/GEN/82/46 Consultation meeting of the joint Indonesian/Philippine tuna working group. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 64p.
SCS/GEN/83/47 IPTP/83/GEN/4 Report of the workshop on Philippine and Indonesian research activities. Manila, Philippines, 5–8 February 1983. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1983. 16p.
SCS MANUALS
SCS Manual No. 1 Handbook on field identification of fishes, crustaceans, molluses, shells, and important aquatic plants. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 60p.
SCS Manual No. 2 IPTP Manual No. 1Manual for the collection of historical data on tuna and tuna-like species in the Indo-Pacific Region. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. (for printing)
SCS Manual No. 3 A guide to the organization and management of small fishery library. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982.
SCS Manual No. 4 Floating netcage fish culture manual. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (In preparation)
SCS Manual No. 5 Fishpond engineering: a regional manual for small and medium scale coastal fishponds. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (for printing)
PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORTS
SCS/PR/74/1 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1974. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1974. 19p.
SCS/PR/75/2 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January–30 June 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 40p.
SCS/PR/75/3 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July–31 December 1975. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 38p.
SCS/PR/76/4 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January–31 December 1976. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 47p.
SCS/PR/77/5 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January–30 June 1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 37p.
SCS/PR/77/6 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1977. 19p.
SCS/PR/78/7 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January-30 June 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 12p.
SCS/PR/78/8 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1978. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 11p.
SCS/PR/79/9 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January-30 June 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 12p.
SCS/PR/79/10 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1979. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 65p.
SCS/PR/80/11 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January-30 June 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 28p.
SCS/PR/80/12 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 25p.
SCS/PR/81/13 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January-30 June 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 20p.
SCS/PR/81/14 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. 14p.
SCS/PR/82/15 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 January-30 June 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 13p.
SCS/PR/82/16 WOODLAND, A.G. Project progress report of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. 1 July-31 December 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982.
COORDINATING COMMITTEE REPORTS
SCSP/74/1 REP Report of the Ad Hoc Coordinating Committee Meeting of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 18–19 June 1974. 27p.
SCSP/74/2 REP Report of the first session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Jakarta, Indonesia, 6 November 1974. Rome. FAO. 1974. 22p.
SCSP/76/3 REP Report of the second session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 9 April 1976. 16p.
SCSP/77/4 REP Report of the third session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 24–25 February 1977. 19p.
SCSP/77/5/REP Report of the fourth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 11–12 October 1977. 21p.
SCSP/78/6 REP Report of the fifth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 11 March 1978. 16p.
SCSP/78/7 REP Report of the sixth session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Manila, 28–29 September 1978.
SCSP/79/8 REP Report of the seventh session of the Coordinating Committee of the South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme. Rome, 11–16 October 1979.
FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPERS
SCS/DEV/74/1 WOODLAND, A.G. et al. The South China Sea Fisheries: A proposal for accelerated development. Rome, FAO. 1974. 162p.
SCS/DEV/73/2 YAMAMOTO. T. Review of marine fishery statistical system in countries bordering the South China Sea, and proposals for their improvement. Rome, FAO. 1973. 46p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Statistical Systems).
SCS/DEV/73/3 AOYAMA. T. The demersal fish stocks and fisheries of the South China Sea, Rome, FAO, 1973. 80p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Demersal Resources)
SCS/DEV/73/4 KUME, S. Tuna resources in the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 18p.
SCS/DEV/73/5 LING, S. Status, potential and development of coastal aquaculture in the countries bordering the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 51p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Aquaculture Development)
SCS/DEV/73/6 MENASVETA. D. et al. Pelagic fishery resources of the South China Sea and prospects for their development. Rome, FAO, 1973. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Pelagic Resources)
SCS/DEV/73/7 MISTAKIDIS, M.N. The crustacean resources and related fisheries in the countries bordering the South China Sea. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Crustacean Resources)
SCS/DEV/73/8 RUCKES, E. Fish utilization, marketing and trade in countries bordering the South China Sea — status and programme proposals. Rome, FAO, 1973. 33p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Marketing and Trade)
SCS/DEV/73/9 DOUCET, F.J. et al. Institutional and legal aspects affecting fishery development in selected countries bordering the South China Sea. Rome, FAO, 1973. 32p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Institutional Legal Aspects)
SCS/DEV/73/10 LABON, A. Malaysian long-term fisheries development plan until 1995. Rome, FAO, 1973. 91p. (Cover title: The South China Sea Fisheries Malaysian development plan 1995)
SCS/DEV/76/11 Development potentials of selected fishery products in the regional member countries of the Asian Development Bank. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 107p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/76/11 Fishery country profiles. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, (Appendix 1) 1976. 173p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/76/12 The international market for shrimp. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 105p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/76/13 The international market for tuna. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 69p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies).
SCS/DEV/76/14 The international market for crab. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 46p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/76/15 The international market for lobster. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 46p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/76/16 The international market for cephalopods. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 95p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/76/17 The European canned fish market: Prospects for Rastrelliger spp. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1976. 56p. (ADB/FAO Market Studies)
SCS/DEV/78/18 CHIKUNI, S. A.C. SIMPSON and W.R. MURDOCH. Test fishing for tuna and small pelagic species: Reports on the operation of FAO chartered purse seiners in Philippine and South China Sea waters, 1974–1977. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. v.p.
SCS/DEV/79/19 POPE, J. Stock assessment in multispecies fisheries with special reference to the trawl fishery in the Gulf of Thailand. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 106p.
SCS/DEV/80/20 Implications of the extension of national jurisdiction for fisheries management and development. Report of an FAO Mission to the Government of Indonesia. 7 January-2 February 1980. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1980. 90p. (Restricted)
SCS/DEV/83/21 SCS/DEV/83/29 to Second Asian fish market study. Joint ADB/FAO(SCSP-INFOFISH) market studies. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1983. 9 vols.
FAO species identification for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing area 71). Rome, FAO, 1974. 4 vols.
TECHNICAL REPORTS CONTRIBUTED TO SYMPOSIA/MEETINGS, ETC.
RABANAL, H.R. FAO activities in inland fisheries and aquaculture with particular reference 1975 to Asia and the Far East. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 17p. (Contributed to the First Fisheries Research Congress, Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, 7–10 March 1975, Legaspi City, Philippines).
RABANAL, H.R. Preliminary report on the Macrobrachium fishery in the Indo-Pacific region. 1975 Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 20p. (Contributed to the International Conference on Prawn Farming, Vung Tau, Vietnam, 31 March-4 April 1975).
RABANAL, H.R. Distribution and occurrence of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forskal). Manila, South 1975 China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1975. 18p. (Contributed to the National Bangus Symposium. Manila, 25–26 July 1975).
RABANAL, H.R. Mangrove and their utilization for aquaculture. 1976 Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 20p. (Contributed to the National Workshop on Mangrove Ecology held in Phuket, Thailand, 10–16 January 1976).
RABANAL, H.R. Report of project identification mission to Bangladesh on inland fisheries 1976 and aquaculture. Manila, Asian Development Bank. 56p.
RABANAL, H.R. Aquaculture 1976: Focus Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries 1976 Programme. 12p. (Talk delivered at the National Convention of the Federation of Fish Producers of the Philippines, Iloilo City, 26 August 1976).
SIMPSON, A.C. Some proposals for research related to the understanding of mangrove 1976 ecology and the utilization of mangrove areas. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 10p. (Contributed to the National Workshop on Mangrove Ecology held in Phuket, Thailand, 10–16 January 1976).
COOK, H.L. Some aspects of shrimp culture research with particular reference to Philippine 1976 species. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 7p. (Contributed to the Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research (PCARR) Fisheries Work-shop, Subic, Zambales, Philippines, 15–17 January 1976).
RABANAL, H.R. The resources in inland waters: their utilization and management. Manila, 1976 South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 21p. (Talk delivered before the Phi Sigma Biological Society as a contribution to the Deogracias V. Villadolid Memorial lecture series. Manila, Philippines, 26 November 1976).
RABANAL, H.R. Aquaculture in the Philippines. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977 15p. (Talk delivered before the United States Peace Corps Volunteers, Los Baños. Laguna, Philippines. 11 January 1977).
RABANAL, H.R. Aquaculture in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries 1977 Programme. 10p. (Paper contributed to the Fifth FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in relation to Protection of Living Resources. Manila, Philippines, 17–27 February 1977).
SIMPSON, A.C. 1977 Fisheries research and development in the Philippines: Some recommendations with special reference to resource assessment. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 16p.
RABANAL, H.R. 1977 Aquaculture management. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 12p. (Contribution to the BFAR/FAO-UNDP Training of Regional Trainors in Aquaculture. Lucena, Quezon, Philippines, 19 September-27 October 1977).
RABANAL, H.R. Recent trends in aquaculture. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme. 1977 13p. (Paper contributed to the Seminar/Workshop for Fishery Schools' Administrators, conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Manila, Philippines. 24–28 October 1977).
RABANAL, H.R. Forest conservation and aquaculture development of mangroves. Manila, South 1977 China Sea Fisheries Programme. 15p. (Paper contributed to the International Workshop on Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific region. 14–19 November 1977, Manila, Philippines).
THOMSON, D.B. Lecture notes on fishing methods, equipment and deck layout of fishing 1978 vessels. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 151p. (Paper presented at the FAO NORAD Course on Fishing Vessel Design, Bangkok, Thailand, October-November 1978).
RABANAL, H.R. International traffic of live and fish eggs and control of the spread of fish 1978 diseases. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1978. 21p. (Contributed to the Workshop on Tropical Fisheries — their causes and control in Southeast Asia, Puncak, West Java, Indonesia, 28 November-1 December 1978).
RABANAL, H.R. and R.O. JULIANO. Aquaculture extension: How it could be a potent 1979 force in fisheries development in the ASEAN region. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Paper contributed to the First ASEAN Seminar/Workshop on Fisheries Extension, Manila 18–25 February 1979.
THOMSON, D.B. 1979 Marine fisheries extension. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 41p. (Paper contributed to the First ASEAN Seminar/Workshop on Fisheries Extension, Manila 18–25 February 1979).
THOMSON, D.B. Training requirements of the fisheries of Southeast Asia, Manila, South China 1979 Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 11p. (Paper presented at the SEAFDEC Consultative Meeting on Fisheries Training, Bangkok, 14–18 May, 1979.
KUHNHOLD, W.W. Aquatic pollution: Classes of pollutants, their occurrence, transport and 1979 dispersion. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 22p. (Lecture given at the Seventh FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in Relation to Protection of Living Resources — Analyses of Metals and Organochlorines in Biota. Manila. Philippines. 7 May-9 June 1979).
KUHNHOLD, W.W. 1979 Effects of aquatic pollution on fish and fisheries. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. (Lecture given at the Seventh FAO/SIDA Workshop on Aquatic Pollution in Relation to Protection of Living Resources — Analyses of Metals and Organochlorines in Biota. Manila, Philippines, 7 May-9 June 1979).
RABANAL, H.R. The design of research in brackishwater aquaculture. Manila, South China 1979 Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 7p. (Paper contributed to the Seminar/Workshop on Research Methodology and Technical Report Writing, conducted by the Fisheries Training Division, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Fisheries Training Centre. Cavite City. Philippines. 10–29 June 1979).
RABANAL, H.R. 1979 Production and recent innovations in design and management in aquaculture industry in Southeast Asia. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 7p. (Paper contributed to the Asian Seminar and Tour sponsored by the Bank of America, Manila, 6–9 November 1979).
THOMSON, D.B. The challenge of the 1980's for fisheries education, training and extension. 1979 Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1979. 11p. (Paper presented at the First International Symposium on Fishery Education. Fish Processing and Marketing Systems. Mexico, December 1979).
KUHNHOLD, W.W. Some aspects of the impact of aquatic oil pollution on fishery resources 1980 Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1980. 25p. (Paper contributed to the International Workshop on the Prevention. Abatement and Combating of Pollution from Ships in East Asian Waters. 3–8 November 1980, Manila, Philippines).
RABANAL, H.R. Small-scale shrimp/prawn hatcheries: an overview. In FAO/UNDP 1981 Working Party on Small-Scale Shrimp/Prawn Hatchery. Semarang, Indonesia, 15–22 November 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1981. (SCS/GEN/82/40: CP-1:15–18).
DELMENDO, M. and H.R. RABANAL. 1982 The organization and administration of aquaculture development in Asian countries. Part I. Agricultural Administration 9(1982)61–75.
RABANAL, H.R. and V. SOESANTO. Introduction to the taxonomy, biology and fishery 1982 of the giant seaperch or seabass. Lates calcarifer. In. Report of Training Course on Seabass Spawning and Larval Rearing. Songkhla, Thailand, 1–20 June 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (SCS/82/LEC,1:2–9)
SOESANTO, V. Some notes on programmes on seabass. In Report of Training Course on 1982 Seabass Spawning and Larval Rearing. Songkhla, Thailand, 1–20 June 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (SCS/82/SBTC/LEC, 22:62–63).
CHAN, W.L. Management of the nursery of seabass fry. In Report of Training Course on 1982 Seabass Spawning and Larval Rearing. Songkhla, Thailand, 1–20 June 1982. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. (SCS/82/SBTC/LEC, 15:34–37).
RABANAL, H.R. Status of aquaculture fisheries in the Indo-Pacific region. Manila, South 1982 China Sea Fisheries Programme, 1982. 12p. (Contribution to the FAO/IPFC Workshop on Inland Fisheries for Planners, Manila, Philippines 2–6 August 1982).
PUBLICATIONS OF THE
INDO-PACIFIC TUNA DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
(INT/81/034)
WORKING PAPERS
IPTP/82/WP/1 SCS/80/WP/90 SKILLMAN, R.A. Tuna fishery statistics for the Indian Ocean and the Indo- Pacific. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 86p.
IPTP/82/WP/2 SCS/82/WP/111 DE JESUS, A.S. Tuna fishing gears of the Philippines. Colombo, Indo- Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 47p.
IPTP/82/WP/3 SCS/82/WP/112 WHITE, T.F. and M. YESAKI. The status of tuna in Indonesia and the Philippines. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 62p.
IPTP/82/WP/4 SCS/82/WP/113 YESAKI, M. Illustrated key to small and/or immature species of tuna and bonitos of the Southeast Asian region. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 16p.
IPTP/82/WP/5 SCS/82/WP/114 WHITE, T.F. The Philippine tuna fishery and aspects of the population dynamics of tunas in Philippine waters. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. (for printing).
IPTP/83/WP/6 SCS/82/WP/118 YESAKI, M. The pelagic fisheries of the Philippines. Colombo, Indo- Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1983. 15p.
IPTP/83/WP/7 SCS/82/WP/119 YESAKI, M. Observations on the biology of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tunas in the Philippine waters. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1983. (for printing).
GENERAL REPORTS
IPTP/82/GEN/1 SCS/GEN/79/24 Report of the consultation meeting on management of tuna resources of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Manila, Philippines. 26–29 June 1979. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 155p.
IPTP/82/GEN/2 SCS/GEN/82/32 A selected bibliography on tuna fisheries in the South China Sea region. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 24p.
IPTP/82/GEN/3 SCS/GEN/82/46 Report of the consultation meeting of the joint Indonesian/Philippine Tuna Working Group. Manila, Philippines, 21–23 October, 1981. Manila, South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme or Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982. 64p.
IPTP/83/GEN/4 SCS/GEN/83/47 Report of the workshop on Philippine and Indonesian research activities. Manila, Philippines. Colombo, Indo-Pacific Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1983.
MANUALS
IPTP Manual No. 1 SCS Manual No. 2 Manual for the collection of historical data on tuna and tuna-like species in the Indo-Pacific Region Tuna Development and Management Programme, 1982.
PERIODIC PROGRESS REPORT
IPTP/PR/82/1 HOOKER, P.J. Project progress report of the Interregional Tuna Development and Management Programme. 1 January–30 June 1982. v.p.
IPTP/PR/82/2 HOOKER, P.J. Project progress report of the Interregional Tuna Development and Management Programme. 1 July-30 December 1982.
NOTE: Copies of these papers can be obtained by writing to the Project Director, Colombo, Sri Lanka
