The Effects of Paddlewheel Aeration on the Pond Production of Associated Natural Food Organisms under the Monoculture System of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Appendix 10. Genera composition of phytoplankton in Pond no. 2 without paddle wheel as a treatment. Subjective assessment +++ : dominant, about 50%; ++ = common, about 5–4g%; + = observed, less than 5%; - = absence

Organisms	Date 1985–1986
Organisms	9 Dec.	24 Dec.	7 Jan.	21 Jan.	4 Feb.	18 Feb.	4 Mar.	18 Mar.	2 Apr.	15 Apr.	29 Apr.	13 May.	27 May.	10 June
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)	(13)	(14)	(15)
CHLOROPHYTA

Ankistrodesmus	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
Closterium	++	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Coelastrum	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
Cosmarium	-	+	+	+	++	++	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	-
Crucigenia	-	-	++	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-
Desmidium	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dictyosphaerium	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dispora	++	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Eudorina	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Gonalozygon	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Oocystis	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	+
Pediastrum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	+	-	+
Protococcus	+	++	-	++	++	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-
Kenedosmus	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Spirogyra	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
Staurastrum	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tetrastrum	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
Volvox	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

EUGLENOPHYTA

Euglena	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	++	+	+	+
Phacus	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	+

PHYRODHYTA

Ceratium	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

CHRYSOPHYTA

Achnanthes	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Chlorobotrys	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Coscinodiscus	++	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cyclotella	+	+	+	++	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
Cymbella	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	-	-
Diatoma	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Dinobryon	+	++	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Eunotia	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Fragillaria	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Frustilia	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Gyrosigma	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	-	+
Navicula	++	+	+++	++	+	+	+	+	++	+	+	+	+	+
Nitzschia	-	+	+	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pinnularia	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-
Rhopalodia	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Synedra	-	-	+	+	++	+	+	+	-	+	+	++	+	+

CYANOPHYTA

Anabaena	+	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	++	+	+	+	-	+
Chroococcus	-	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lyngbya	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	++	+	-	-
Merismopedia	-	++	++	-	++	++	++	++	-	++	-	+	-	+
Nodularia	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	-	-
Oscillatoria	+	++	++	++	++	++	+++	+++	+++	+++	++	+++	+++	+++
Spirulina	+	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+

Appendix 11. Composition of phytoplankton abundance in the ponds (A : pond 1; B : pond 2) with paddle wheel aeration.

A. Pond 1

B. Pond 2

Appendix 12. Composition of phytoplankton abundance in pond (A : pond 1; B : pond 2) without paddle wheel aeration.

A. Pond 1

B. Pond 2

Appendix 13. Zooplankton abundance (plankter/liter) in the ponds during experimental period.

Date 1985–1986	Organisms group	With Paddle Wheel			Without Paddle Wheel
Date 1985–1986	Organisms group	Pond 1	Pond 2	Average	Pond 1	Pond 2	Average
09-Dec-85	Rotifer	10	9	10	8	3	6
	Cladocera
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	1	4	3	1	4	3
	Adult	2	9	6	7	12	10
	Total	13	22	18	16	19	18

24-Dec-85	Rotifer	133	671	402	109	376	243
	Cladocera	38	127	83	23	26	25
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	302	142	222	146	128	137
	Adult	154	202	178	159	130	144
	Total	627	1142	885	437	660	549

07-Jan-86	Rotifer	972	1277	1125	1448	279	864
	Cladocera	11	18	15	8	13	11
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	29	49	39	66	79	73
	Adult	47	106	77	77	35	56
	Total	1059	1450	1255	1599	406	1003

21-Jan-86	Rotifer	139	1441	790	403	246	325
	Cladocera	5	7	6	19	35	27
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	65	269	167	56	64	60
	Adult	73	80	77	96	81	89
	Total	282	1797	1040	574	426	500

04-Feb-86	Rotifer	215	216	216	415	790	603
	Cladocera	3	2	3	7	19	13
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	98	98	98	91	83	87
	Adult	66	93	80	91	168	130
	Total	382	409	396	604	1060	832

10-Feb-86	Rotifer	190	454	322	369	370	370
	Cladocera	1	14	8	1	43	22
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	57	132	95	115	138	127
	Adult	13	52	33	44	89	67
	Total	261	652	457	529	640	585
		261

04-Mar-86	Rotifer	443	290	367	353	232	292
	Cladocera	2	5	4	1	10	6
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	225	338	282	238	186	212
	Adult	252	108	180	250	80	15
	Total	922	741	832	842	508	675

18-Mar-86	Rotifer	375	82	229	293	98	195
	Cladocera	2	1	2		4	2
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	96	213	155	154	110	132
	Adult	111	46	79	89	29	59
	Total	584	342	463	536	241	389

02-Apr-86	Rotifer	1735	805	1270	1264	504	884
	Cladocera	1		1	1		1
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	476	230	353	243	160	202
	Adult	301	171	236	245	93	169
	Total	2513	1206	1860	1753	757	1255

15-Apr-86	Rotifer	3505	1344	2425	3366	723	2045
	Cladocera	5		3
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	223	86	155	71	36	54
	Adult	261	132	197	246	57	242
	Total	3994	1862	2778	3863	816	2339

29-Apr-86	Rotifer	952	177	565	311	938	625
	Cladocera	1	1	1	1		1
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	213	67	140	140	82	111
	Adult	162	393	278	214	299	257
	Total	1328	638	983	666	1319	993

13-May-86	Rotifer	1403	972	1187	851	1042	947
	Cladocera
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	166	209	188	170	165	168
	Adult	258	167	213	94	84	89
	Total	1827	1348	1588	1115	1291	1203

27-May-86	Rotifer	2113	420	1267	477	525	501
	Cladocera		1	1	1		1
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	447	58	253	270	169	220
	Adult	168	60	114	203	64	134
	Total	2728	539	1634	951	758	855

10-Jun-86	Rotifer	372	121	247	267	66	167
	Cladocera	10	2	6	4	4	4
	Copepoda
	Nauplius	480	358	419	190	264	227
	Adult	95	122	109	154	131	143
	Total	957	603	780	615	465	540

Appendix 14. Dominant zooplankton groups in the experimental ponds comprising at least 50% total zooplankton

Date 1985–1986	With Paddle Wheel		Without Paddle Wheel
Date 1985–1986	Pond 1	Pond 2	Pond 1	Pond 2
9 Dec.	Rotifer	Copepoda Adult	Rotifer	Copepoda Nauplius
24 Dec.	Copepoda Nauplius	Rotifer	Copepoda Adult	Rotifer
7 Jan.	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
21 Jan.	Rotifer	Copepoda Adult	Rotifer	Rotifer
4 Feb.	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
18 Feb.	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
4 Mar.	Rotifer	Copepoda Nauplius	Rotifer	Rotifer
18 Mar.	Rotifer	Copepoda Nauplius	Rotifer	Copepoda Nauplius
2 Apr.	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
15 Apr.	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
29 Apr.	Rotifer	Copepoda Adult	Rotifer	Rotifer
13 May	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
27 May	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer	Rotifer
10 Jun.	Copepoda Nauplius	Copepoda Nauplius	Rotifer	Copepoda Nauplius

Appendix 15. Composition of zooplankton abundance in the pond (A : pond 1; B : pond 2) with paddle wheel aeration.

A. Pond 1

B. Pond 2

Appendix 16. Composition of zooplankton abundance in the pond (A : pond 1; B : pond 2) without paddle wheel aeration.

A. Pond 1

B. Pond 2

Appendix 17. Biweekly Chlorophyll a concentration (ug/liter) in the ponds with paddle wheel aeration (A) and without paddle wheel aeration (B).

Appendix 18. Organic matter particulate (mg/m²) in pond (A : covering equipment; B : without covering equipment) with paddle wheel aeration (WP) and without paddle wheel aeration (WOP).

Appendix 19. Dominant group of benthic organisms in the experiment ponds comprising at least 50% of total organisms

Treatment	Date 1985–1986 (Monthly)
Treatment	16 Dec. (0)	7 Jan. (1)	28 Jan. (2)	25 Feb. (3)	25 Mar. (4)	22 Apr. (5)	25 May (6)
With Paddle Wheel
Pond 1	Nematoda	Chironomid	Chironomid	Nematoda	Chironomid	Nematoda	Nematoda
Pond 2	Chiromid	Chironomid	Chironomid	Chironomid	Chironomid	Chironomid	Nematoda
Without Paddle Wheel
Pond 1	Chironomid	Chironomid	Chironomid	Nematoda	Chironomid	Nematoda	Nematoda
Pond 2	Nematoda	Chironomid	Chironomid	Nematoda	Chironomid	Chironomid	Nematoda

Appendix 20. Qualitative analyses of plankton in the stomach and intestine content of five prawns juvenile after one month culture period.

Plankton Organisms	Number of prawn with corresponding plankton
	With Paddle Wheel		Without Paddle Wheel
	Pond 1	Pond 2	Pond 1	Pond 2
PHYTOPLANKTON

- Chlorophyta
Cosmarium	-	-	1	1
Netrium	-	-	1	1
- Chrysophyta
Diatoma	-	-	1	2
Navicula	-	1	1	1
Synedra	1	1	-	-
Tabellaria	-	-	1	-
- Cyanophyta
Anabacna	-	-	1	1
Merismopedia	-	-	1	1
Oscillatoria	3	2	2	5
- Euglenophyta
Euglena	-	-	-	1
- Rhodophyta
Chilomonas	-	-	1	-

ZOOPLANKTON
Copepoda Nauplius	1	-	-	-

Appendix 21. Qualitative analyses of plankton in the stomacha and intestine content of five prawns juvenile after 3 months culture period.

Plankton Organisms	Number of prawn with corresponding plankton
	With Paddle wheel		Without paddle wheel
	Pond 1	Pond 2	Pond 1	Pond 2
PHYTOPLANKTON

- Cholorophyta
Scenedesmus	-	1	-	2
- Chrysophyta
Diatoma	1	1	-	1
Navicula	-	2	-	-
- Cyanophyta
Morismopedia	-	-	1	1
Oscillatoria	2	5	4	2

ZOOPLANKTON
Rotifer	3	3	-	-
Copepoda Adult	1	1	1	1

Appendix 22. Qualitative analysis of plankton in the stomach and intestine content of sixteen prawns adult after 6 months culture period.

Plankton Organisms	Number of prawn with corresponding plankton
	With Paddle Wheel Aeration				Without Paddle Wheel Aeration
	Pond 1		Pond 2		Pond 1		Pond 2
	Stomach	Intestine	Stomach	Intestine	Stomach	Intestine	Stomach	Intestine
PHYTOPLANKTON

- Chlorophyta
Closterium	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Cosmarium	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-
Crucigenia	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
Scenedesmus	2	1	1	-	-	2	-	-
Spirogyra	2	-	1	1	2	1	3	-
- Chrysophyta
Cyclotella	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-
Cymbella	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-
Diatoma	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
Gyrosigma	2	-	1	-	1	-	-	-
Navicula	2	1	1	2	4	6	4	1
Pinnularia	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Synedra	1	-	2	-	2	3	-	-
- Cyanophyta
Anabaena	2	-	5	-	1	-	4	1
Lyngbya	-	-	4	-	1	-	1	-
Merismopedia	4	1	5	3	3	4	4	3
Oscillatoria	16	15	16	16	16	14	14	16
Spirulina	2	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
- Euglenophyta
Euglena	-	-	-	2	-	2	-	1
Phacus	3	-	-	-	3	1	2	-

ZOOPLANKTON
Rotifer	11	14	13	10	11	8	11	7
Cladocera	-	-	1	-	1	-	1	-
Copepoda Naupl.	3	-	2	-	2	-	2	-
Adult	3	3	1	6	4	1	1	7

Appendix 23. Analyses of variance of Chlorophyll a, Organic matter and Benthic organisms

	Date	F ratio	Probability	Remaks
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Chlorophyll a	9 Dec.	0.281	0.6489	-
	24 Dec.	2.861	0.2328	-
	7 Jan.	1.280	0.3753	-
	21 Jan.	0.154	0.7327	-
	4 Feb.	0.170	0.7202	-
	18 Feb.	0.633	0.5098	-
	4 Mar.	0.302	0.6376	-
	18 Mar.	0.726	0.4838	-
	2 Apr.	0.222	0.6838	-
	15 Apr.	0.310	0.6339	-
	29 Apr.	0.423	0.5824	-
	13 May	5.357	0.1467	-
	27 May	1.324	0.3688	-
	10 Jun.	0.527	0.5434	-
Organic matter with cover	1 Jan.	0.244	0.6827	-
	11 Feb.	3.924	0.1861	-
	11 Mar.	2.039	0.2895	-
	8 Apr.	0.417	0.5846	-
	6 May	0.638	0.5082	-
	3 Jun.	4.889	0.1576	-
Organic matter without cover	1 Jan.	0.365	0.6074	-
	11 Feb.	0.621	0.5133	-
	11 Mar.	0.314	0.6318	-
	8 Apr.	0.761	0.4749	-
	6 May	1.759	0.3159	-
	3 Jun.	31.937	0.0299	*)
Organic matter W.C and W.O.C in pond with paddle wheel	1 Jan.	0.001	0.9772	-
	11 Feb.	6.720	0.1221	-
	11 Mar.	9.962	0.0874	-
	8 Apr.	8.733	0.0980	-
	6 May	4.808	0.1596	-
	3 Jun.	34.318	0.0279	-
Organic matter W.C and W.O.C in pond without paddle wheel	1 Jan.	0.033	0.8734	-
	11 Feb.	5.483	0.1440	-
	11 Mar.	54.669	0.0178	*)
	8 Apr.	20.636	0.0452	*)
	6 May	10.968	0.0803	-
	3 Jun.	65.363	0.0150	*)
Benthos	16 Dec.	0.360	0.6093	-
	7 Jan.	0.002	0.9702	-
	28 Jan.	0.074	0.8107	-
	25 Feb.	0.012	0.9241	-
	25 Mar.	0.045	0.8522	-
	22 Apr.	1.172	0.3921	-
	25 May	1.022	0.4184	-

Note : F tabel P 5% = 18.51 ; P 1% = 98.50
*) Significant (P=5%)

Appendix 24. Analyses of variance of exponential growth rate to reach maximum population of Phyto- and Zooplankton

Organisms	F ratio	Probability	Remarks ^a)
PHYTOPLANKTON
Chlorophyta	0.001	0.9767	-
Chrysophyta	1.440	0.3530	-
Cyanophyta	0.028	0.8828	-
Euglenophyta	1.527	0.3420	-
Phyrophyta	0.906	0.4417	-
T o t a l	0.116	0.7662	-

ZOOPLANKTON
Rotifer	0.968	0.4289	-
Cladocera	8.009	0.1055	-
Copepoda Nauplius	1.636	0.3292	-
Copepoda Adult	2.117	0.2829	-
T o t a l	0.266	0.6575	-

^a) F tabel P 5% = 18.51 ; P 1% = 98.50

Appendix 25. Regression and correlation of parameter during experiment period

	Variable 1	Variable 2	Regression equation			Correlation coefficient
	(Y)	(X)	Pond 1	Pond 2	Average	Pond 1	Pond 2	Average
WPWA	Chl. a	Phyto pl.	Y=40+0.02X	Y=123+0.0002X	Y=56+9X	0.83^a,b	0.23^a,b	0.77
	Phyto pl.	Zoo pl.	Y=1336+3X	Y=7488+X	Y=3806+3X	0.60^a	0.05	0.22
	Phyto pl.	Org.mt.wc.	Y=-967+10822X	Y=800+21888X	Y=-1374+18046X	0.98^ab	0.53	0.76
	Phyto pl.	Org.mt.woc.	Y=325+23792X	Y=-1606+43166X	Y=-1790+39333X	0.87^a	0.59	0.78
	Zoo pl.	Org.mt.wc.	Y=-367+3333X	Y=917-303X	Y=379+679X	0.71	-0.39	0.56
	Zoo pl.	Org.mt.woc.	Y=-1000+10000X	Y=944-575X	Y=830+1058X	0.44	-0.42	0.41
	Benthic org.	Org.mt.wc.	Y=1567-114X	Y=686-399X	Y=1099-185X	-0.04	-0.51	-0.11
	Benthic org.	Org.mt.woc.	Y=1246+1157X	Y=704-700X	Y=996+20X	0.17	-0.50	0.01

WOPWA	Chl. a	Phyto pl.	Y=63+0.01X	Y=63+0.01X	Y=70+5X	0.51	0.51	0.42
	Phyto pl.	Zoo pl.	Y=283031-80X	Y=2212+7X	Y=2362+5X	-0.10	0.31	0.40
	Phyto pl.	Org.mt.wc.	Y=1492+18241X	Y=-3115+23644X	Y=-885+20875X	0.66	0.91^a	0.94^a,b
	Phyto pl.	Org.mt.woc.	Y=-5549+108554X	Y=7318-7381X	Y=1670+41914X	0.53	-0.13	0.47
	Zoo pl.	Org.mt.wc.	Y=731+310X	Y=720+317X	Y=730+301X	0.26	0.33	0.42
	Zoo pl.	Org.mt.woc.	Y=102+5399X	Y=579+1658X	Y=568+1910X	0.60	0.75	0.66
	Benthic org.	Org.mt.wc.	Y=1964-1891X	Y=629-689X	Y=1306-1366X	-0.70	0.63	-0.68
	Benthic org.	Org.mt.woc.	Y=1548-2352X	Y=590-1386X	Y=1278-3686X	-0.16	-0.55	-0.45

N o t e : WPWA : With Paddlewheel Aeration;
WOPWA : Without Paddlewheel Aeration
a) Significant (P=5%)
b) Significant (P=1%)

Appendix 26. Diurnal DO (ppm) in pond (bottom (bot) and survival (sur) with paddle wheel aeration (±. pw) and without paddle wheel aeration (-pw)