IV. ANNEXES

Annex 1
FISHERIES FORMULATION MISSION IN OCTOBER 1986
TERMS OF REFERENCE

1. Background

1.1 KEN/86/003 - Development of Coastal aquaculture Phase III is planned as follow-up to KEN/80/018, the second phase of KEN/77/010 which became operational in January 1979. Total UNDP contributions is US$ 1,426,903. The immediate objective under both phases was to examine the economic and technical viability of coastal aquaculture using locally available fish and crustacean species. A survey, conducted in April 1986 focussed on soil type and the energy costs of using tidal water and/or pumping along Kenya's coast. The first phase of the project concentrated on the intensive cultivation of P. indicus, an indigenous prawn species whose seeds are naturally available whereas the second phase introduced P. monodon (including a hatchery) and Artemia production in a move to diversify aquaculture research and development.

1.2 KEN/86/027 - Fish-farming in the Lake Basin, Phase II is planned as a follow-up to KEN/80/006, which became operational in January 1984, to continue and expand the activities financed under FAO/TCP for about 10 months. The immediate objective of the KEN/80/006 was to provide training for extension workers (35 agents and 7 district coordinators), develop seven new fish fry development centres and rehabilitate existing rural ponds while contributing the necessary technical support towards their operation and maintenance. The joint GOK/UNDP/FAO/BSF Evaluation Mission of December 1985 identified several areas where corrective measures were necessary; such as the fact that the immediate objectives of the project were unrealistic given the proposed time-frame (3 years). An inventory of existing ponds was undertaken by extensionists; funded by a World Bank credit, and the information gathered was used to guide the rehabilitation of ponds and the construction of new ones. The first phase of the project has so far succeeded in constructing a major fry production centre at Kibos and two others in Kisii and South Nyanza. 1,122 ponds have been rehabilitated substantially increasing fish development in the region.

1.3 The proposed assistance for KEN/86/006 - Wildlife and Fisheries Training Institute was initiated by an FAO Fisheries and Wildlife Mission in 1984. The project document is now out-dated. The proposed assistance therefore requires a major appraisal.

2. ISSUES

The mission will be expected to review and assess the following issues:

1. The employment and income effects of fisheries activities on small-holders. In this respect, the private investment opportunities and existing/potential technological packages should be reviewed.

2. Skill development of small-holders, extension workers and technicians.

3. Sources of credit for small-scale aquaculture.

4. Institution and manpower development, particularly as relates to extension services.

5. The implications of the project proposals on government budgets.

6. Coordination among the government institutions involved i.e., the Department of Fisheries (DOF) and the Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA), etc.

7. The possibilities for co-financing for the proposed projects (e.g. the Belgian Survival Fund, Dutch, etc.) and for coordination with an on-going programmes of other donor agencies (e.g. the World Bank, USAID, etc.).

8. Implementation arrangements and the use of national experts.

3. ISSUES SPECIFIC TO PROPOSED PROJECTS

3.1 KEN/86/003 - Development of Coastal Aquaculture

1. A more balanced experimentation with P. monodon, P. indicus, fin-fish and Artemia.

2. Analysis of the technical and economic results obtained to date on P. indicus and especially P. monodon.

3. Replication of aquaculture in the private sector and among individual rural small-scale farmers or through groups.

4. Processing, handling and marketing, both local and international, of prawns and fin fish.

5. Staff training and development to sustain research and extension activities beyond the conclusion of UNDP/FAO assistance.

3.2 KEN/86/027 - Fish-farming in the Lake Basin

1. Options for using LBDA research/extension and fry production resources to induce private investors to produce tilapia and fingerling.

2. Assess the recurrent budgetary implications, particularly as relates to extension services and fry production centres.

3. Assess the areas of cooperation between the LBDA and the DOF.

4. Staff training and development to sustain research and extension activities beyond UNDP/FAO assistance.

3.3 KEN/86/003 - Wildlife and Fisheries Training Institute

1. Assess the institutional capacity of the Institute's fisheries sector.

2. Assess the relevance of the curriculum for both extension services and small holders.

3. Identify the requirements of the WFTI for advisory services and training in the field of fisheries.

4. Outputs - The Mission will present its analysis and recommendations to the Government, UNDP, FAO and BSF and other interested donors. Furthermore, it will formulate and appraise the appropriate project documents in line with the above assessment.

5. Organization of the Mission - The mission will be composed of representatives of UNDP, BSF and FAO.

Planned Itinerary

Annex 2
Draft Project Document KEN/86/027

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Project of the Government of Kenya

PROJECT DOCUMENT

(This project document and its appendixes constitute the agreement amongst the signatories)

PART 1. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

1.1 Background

Since the early eighties the Government of Kenya has become increasingly concerned over the failure of fish production from the natural waters of the country, to increase as fast as local demand and population growth, particularly in the densely populated areas of western Kenya, the Lake Victoria Basin, where 40 percent of the total population lives on only 8.4 percent of the total area of the country. Since the catch rates from the major lakes are in general approaching the maximum level of potential yield, increases in production through fishculture are advocated. Further it is felt that some of current Lake Victoria catch now marketed in Kenya may further decline with the turn to stability in Uganda.

A national programme for the estimation of various fisheries development activities was established with World Bank/IDA financial support, and in addition the Government established in 1980 the Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA) with responsibility for the overall planning coordination and implementation of programmes for accelerated rural development and improved food production, in both Western and Nyanza Provinces of Kenya. However, in 1982 a UNDP/FAO Preparatory Assistance Mission reviewed the fisheries exploitation situation in the important Lake Basin area, and concluded that although the IDA-supported Kenya fisheries project would provide major assistance in the capture fisheries and commercial aquaculture sectors, there was an immediate need for more rapid and intense assistance for the development of rural small-scale fishfarming in the Lake Basin area, particularly to rehabilitate the several thousand rural fishponds which had been constructed and then abandoned over the last 30 years, mainly due to the lack of sustained and effective fishculture extension services that were needed to support and improve fishculture production by rural farmers or small-holders.

A UNDP/FAO project proposal was thus prepared with the objective of rehabilitating some 2 000 existing rural fishponds and increasing their actual production, as well as setting up and training a specialized fishculture extension service in the area, together with associated support facilities such as fish-fry production centres. However, the main phase of this project KEN/80/006 - Development of small-scale fishfarming in the Lake Basin Area, could not, because of financial stringency, commence before 1984. Thus, at the request of the Government, FAO provided initial TCP assistance in 1983–84 in order to give specialized training to a team of some 54 fishfarming extensionists and their supervisors, forming the extension service within the UNDP/FAO project when it started up in 1984. Subsequently the Belgian Survival Fund provided major financial contributions, to supplement initial UNDP inputs. The project evaluation mission in December 1985 noted that the original objectives of the project, although still valid, had been defined too optimistically and could not be achieved in the original time frame, thus a second phase should be undertaken so that they might be fulfilled completely.

The Kenya Development Plan 1984–88 notes that improvement in the average standard of living is a central objective of planning for development, and that the nation's output of goods and services has to grow at a rate faster than the population. The country must also be able to absorb the growing labour force in productive employment, and their average output should not be less than the existing average.

Moreover, the alleviation of poverty must claim the highest priority in the allocation of public sector resources and the Government seeks to improve the access of the poor to income-earning opportunities. Amongst the specific target groups are the small farmers, the landless rural workers and the handicapped.

Specifically the fisheries sector of the Development Plan gives targets for fish production and notes an emphasis on fishfarming, as this contributes more to the nutritional status of local communities, earns money to fishfarmers and fits well in areas of agricultural unproductive water-logged soils.

1.2 Reason for UNDP/BSF Assistance

The rehabilitation of rural fishculture in the Lake Basin area is still a Government priority, but many of the existing LBDA staff assigned to the fishculture programme still require further specialized training and in-service experience alongside higher qualified fishculture experts, in order to teach and support the large and widely dispersed population of rural farmers interested in small-scale fishculture. In addition, further investment is needed in terms of facilities and equipment, to establish and operate not only extra fry production centres, but also the extension service itself, and to carry out the rehabilitation of a large number of rural fishponds. Finally, the income-earning aspect of fishculture operations must be clearly demonstrated so as to stimulate investment follow-up by rural farmers.

PART 2: MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Immediate Objectives

2.1.1  To promote amongst rural farmers the concept of small-scale fishfarming as a method of raising additional food profitability from non-productive land

2.1.2  To rehabilitate on a selective basis about 600 existing rural fishponds each year

2.1.3  To promote the development on a selective basis of about 100 new rural fishponds each year, at first as demonstration and community ponds, and later on as individual ponds

2.1.4  To provide for private rural fishfarmers the technical support through an extension service enabling the average annual fishculture production to increase from the present 1 000 kg/ha to some 2 000–2 500 kg/ha

2.1.5  To continue the training of some 60 existing LBDA rural fishculture extension personnel and a similar number of  Fisheries Department fisheries extension staff in fishfarming management practices adapted to the local conditions

2.1.6  To provide training in specialist disciplines for senior LBDA fishculture staff

2.1.7  To strengthen the technical and operational capacity of the LBDA fishculture extension service

2.1.8  To consolidate the establishment and full operation of fish fry production centres, at Kibos, Rongo, Borabu and Bungoma, directly run by LBDA/DOF

2.1.9  To plan, initiate and support the establishment of two new fry production centres for Siaya and Kakamega Districts for economic operation by LBDA/DOF/private sector as appropriate

2.1.10  To monitor the staff of all the rural fishponds and fish fry centres within the LBDA area, their productivity and operational costs

2.1.11  To organize and facilitate revolving-fund credit for funding commercial market supplies of juvenile and adult fish for fishfarming, thus increasing the employment and income of small-holders in rural areas.

2.2 Outputs:

(a) Meetings with rural development institutions and farmers

Periodic meetings between senior project staff and staff of other institutions concerned with rural development and fishculture, or between junior project staff and fishfarmers themselves, to discuss opportunities and constraints. Realization of such meetings depends also upon the receptiveness of the partners as much as upon project personnel.

(b) Rehabilitated existing rural fishponds

Each rehabilitated pond will have been repaired and modified as appropriate, filled and stocked. Numbers and the status of rehabilitated ponds being monitored regularly. External factors outside the control of the project include the willingness and ability of the private owners to carry out rehabilitation as advised.

(c) Constructed new rural fishponds

Economic assessments will determine the appropriate site, size and operations for larger income. Each new pond site to be identified, designed, constructed, filled and stocked. Numbers and descriptive data being monitored regularly. External factors again include the identification of potential sites by landowners their willingness and ability to undertake constructions.

(d) Increased average fishculture production rates

Average fishculture production raised above 1 000 kg/ha/year, toward 2 000–2 500 kg/ha/year and shown to be profitable in relation to inputs and harvest sales. An indirect output of the project dependent upon the actual productivity and data provided by all the collaborating fishfarmers.

(e) Trained existing fishculture extension personnel

Each existing LBDA fishfarming coordinator and extensionist to complete an annual week-long refresher course organized by project staff. A similar number of Fisheries Department extension staff to attend; their nomination is outside the direct control of the project.

(f) Trained senior LBDA fishculture staff

Specialist training to be completed at appropriate overseas centres:

1. Aquaculture engineering - new appointee - three months
2. Tilapia fry production centre operation, semi-intensive type - Assistant Aquaculturist - two months each
3. mixed Tilapia, duck and livestock production arrangement, semi-intensive type - Provincial Coordinator and Aquaculturist trainee - two months each
4. Rural fishculture extension service management, semi-intensive type - Aquaculturist - two months. The timing of individual courses to be decided later, and in any case dependent upon acceptance by host governments.

(g) Strengthening of technical and operational capacity

Additional facilities to be set up at the Kibos fry production centre near Kisumu, to give six office/laboratory spaces for the project team, store room, plus two more experimental production ponds.

(h) Operational fish fry production centres

The completion, filling, stocking and management of all ponds at the centres at Kibos, Rongo, Borabu and Bungoma, so that fish fry are produced and distributed regularly.

(i) Two new fry production centres

The construction and initial operation of the two new fry centres by the project if remaining as an LBDA responsibility, financed if necessary through a project revolving fund. The availability of suitable land remains outside the immediate control of the project, depending upon agreements to be negotiated between LBDA, DOF, private landowners, etc.

(j) Reports on the status of the fishponds

Periodic updated printouts of statistical data on all the fishponds in the LBDA area and their production history. Data normally collected directly by project staff, but dependent upon information and collaboration from private small-scale fishfarmers.

(k) Credit

The establishment and operation of a revolving fund for small-scale fishfarming will be independently established with advisory technical services from the project.

2.3 Work Plan

2.4 Inputs

2.4.1 Government Inputs

Personnel

The following staff, except where indicated, will be assigned full time to project duties:

The Senior Aquaculturist will act as direct counterpart to the FAO Team Leader, in the day-to-day coordination and administration of the project.

Non-Professional (support staff)

• Secretary-Typists (2)
• Drivers (3)
• Subordinate staff for the routine operation of fry production centres (approx. 4 each centre)

Premises

Office space will continue to be provided at the LBDA headquarters complex in Kisumu, until the facilities are established at the main Kibos field station, where all senior project staff will be located, with storage facilities for project equipment and adequate security arrangements. Sites have already been provided for fry production centres constructed at Kibos (Kisumu), at Rongo (S. Nyanza), Borabu (Kisii), Bungoma District (under construction) and negotiations are in hand for the acquisition of additional sites in Siaya, Busia and Kakamega Districts. Such sites may be available on long-term lease from other government agencies, from private owners or purchased outright, depending upon the site studies to be undertaken by the project.

Equipment

The three used vehicles transferred to LBDA from project KEN/80/006, namely:

- one   4-wheel-drive stationwagon Daihatsu (44 UN 66K)

- one   4-wheel-drive pick-up Toyota Landcruiser (44 UN 26K)

- one 25-seater bus Daihatsu (44 UN 69K)

will be assigned full-time to project activities from the commencement of the project.

Other miscellaneous equipment for office use, for the field coordinators and extension workers as required.

Miscellaneous

The Government will provide its staff with any allowances to which they might be entitled under Government Regulations for transport and subssitence, etc., whilst away from their assigned duty station.

Operation and maintenance costs

The Government will cover the local operation and maintenance costs of their own equipment and facilities.

2.4.2 BSF/UNDP Inputs

Provision is made for short-term consultancy services that may be required from time to time to such specialized subjects as fishbreeding systems, fish disease control, localization and selection of new broodstock, preliminary studies on species suitable or polyculture with Tilapia, aquaculture economics, integrated livestock/fishculture, hatchery systems, etc. Due consideration will be given to the identification of Kenyan institutions and experts who can provide the required services.

Provision is made for, junior professionals to support the senior project personnel in specific aspects of fishculture consultation, extension and management duties, e.g., cage-culture trials, pond harvesting techniques, etc., to be carried out during the intensive work programme of the project, but such support will not be required by LBDA itself in the larger towns after completion of the project. Kenyan candidatures would be appropriate.

Training

Overseas/external training courses will be organized for senior nationals in specialized subjects such as project management, integrated tropical fishculture techniques, fish breeding and fry production, etc. (see Appendix 5). US$ 100 500

In-service training will be given to all counterpart staff, by the international staff, as part of the gradual transfer of responsibilities for full national management of project activities. In addition, specific training courses will be organized as follows:

Infrastructure

The BSF/UNDP/FAO inputs include allocations as indicated below, to cover the direct costs in terms of supplies, materials and labour for the construction of essential infrastructure installations:

Note: these allocations do not include the costs of lease/purchase of land at appropriate sites.

Supplies and materials

Equipment

Miscellaneous

A revolving fund to be established to enable small-holders interested in taking up or expanding their rural fishculture activities, to obtain credit for the purchase of equipment, supplies and materials necessary for the rehabilitation, construction and stocking of their ponds and/or fry production centres. This fund shall be managed by a small farmers' credit agency with experience in Kenya yet to be identified, with prerequisite conditions for qualification to be defined by the project.

BUDGET COVERING THE UNDP/BSF CONTRIBUTION
(in US$)

KEN/86/027

BUDGET COVERING THE GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION
(in £K)

KEN/86/027

Notes on budget 3.1 (Government)

1. Figures based on four-year period totals estimated for period 1987–90 by LBDA
2. No increases estimated for inflation
3. Increase envisaged from 53 to 60 FFEs
4. 58 Subordinate staff at each of (seven) fry production centres proposed by LBDA
5. FAO estimate of Aquaculture Engineer's, Computer Operator's and Admin. Officer's salary rates
6. No estimate made for allowances; are these included in LBDA salary costs already?
7. Six offices costing US$ 60 000 = £K 48 000 @ 5 percent per annum
8. Operation and maintenance of fry production centres: total cost Kibos US$ 60 000 = £K 48 000 @ 5 percent per annum. Cost Borabu etc. US$ 20 000 = £K 16 000 @ 10 percent per annum
9. Fry centres at Siaya, Busia and Kakamega might be constructed and operated privately and not by LBDA if public land is not available in which case no operation and maintenance costs (or revenues) would be applicable
10. Transport pool estimated at seven vehicles, seven motorcycles and 60 bicycles; total value £K 92 400 @ 10 percent per annum
11. Annual replacement of one vehicle (US$ 10 025 = £K 8 200), one motorcycle (US$ 2,500 = £K 2 000), 10 cycles (US$ 3 750 = £K 3 000)
12. Miscellaneous supplies/materials and miscellaneous operational and administrative costs based on LBDA 1987–90 global estimate (£K 2 500 p.a.) and current UNDP project costs
13. Revenue estimates Kibos 350 000 fry per annum @ K.Sh. 0.25 each, Borabu, etc. 150 000 fry p.a. @ K.Sh. 0.25 each
14. The LBDA recurrent budget estimates give no breakdown for the fisheries sector, and include only three senior posts. The LBDA development estimates are similarly not allocated by separate items. No forward budget estimates are yet available for 1987–88 onward.

Appendix 1

LEGAL CONTEXT

This project document shall be the instrument (therein referred to as Plan of Operation) envisaged in Article l, paragraph 2 of the Agreement between the Government of Kenya and the United Nations Development Programme, signed by the parties on 1 October 1964. The "Organization of the Project" is attached to the project document as Annex, and forms part of the document.

Appendix 2

THE BELGIAN SURVIVAL FUND

Following the publication by 53 Nobel Prize winners of the manifesto against starvation and in view of the duty of Belgium to respond to such an initiative, a law was passed in the Belgian Parliament on 3 October 1983 to establish a survival fund for the Third World. The fund is intended to ensure the survival of people threatened by hunger, malnutrition and underdevelopment in those areas of the Third World where there are the highest rates of mortality due to these factors. The primary objective of the Fund is not to intervene in emergency situations caused by the recurrence of famines, civil wars or natural disasters, but rather to promote self-sufficiency in foodstuffs and to provide affected groups with the means to assure their own subsistence and promote their own integrated rural development in areas particularly affected by junger and malnutrition. The Belgian Government has agreed to make available to the United Nations Development Programme certain contributions from the Survival Fund, specifically in order to support the activities of the present project.

Appendix 3

SCHEDULE OF MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING

A. Tripartite Monitoring Review and Technical Reviews

The project will be subject to periodic reviews in accordance with the policy and procedures established by UNDP for monitoring projects and programme implementation.

B. Evaluation

The project will be subject to evaluation in accordance with the policies and procedures established for this purpose by UNDP. The organization, terms of reference and timing of the evaluation will be decided by consultation between the Kenya Government, the Belgian Government, UNDP and FAO.

The project advisory committee will receive assessments and technical reports which provide economic feasibility results for monitoring and ongoing evaluation review of the project.

It is projected that an evaluation of the project will be made at the end of 1988, on the basis of which future assistance plans will be prepared.

C. Progress and Terminal Reports

The FAO expert designated Team Leader will submit half-yearly progress reports as established by UNDP regulations.

It is envisaged that he will also submit a draft terminal project report to FAO by October 1990 and that a final version of this report will be submitted to the Government by March 1991.

Appendix 4

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

The Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA) will be the Government-implementing agency of the project. Project head-quarters and administrative offices will be located initially at Kisumu and as soon as established at the adjacent Kibos centre.

The Government-implementing agency will be expected to promote liaison and coordination with the Ministry of Finance and Planning, the Ministry of Cooperative Development, the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife (Department of Fisheries and the Naivasha Wildlife and Fisheries Training Institute), the Ministry of Culture and Social Services, the Ministry of Agriculture (Extension Services), in order to permit coherent utilization of the fish skills and facilities of all relevant agencies in the Lake Victoria Basin Area with regard to achievement of the project's objectives.

It is suggested that such multiple liaison and coordination may best be accomplished by establishing a small technical consultative committee convened by the LBDA fisheries specialist comprising representatives from DOF, KMFRI, District development committees, representatives of fishfarmers, together with senior staff from the project and from LBDA. The committee should consider project results, current operations and forward plans during quarterly meetings so as to facilitate implementation activities for overcoming problems before they become obstacles.

Appendix 5

PROPOSED EXTERNAL TRAINING PROGRAMME AND QUALIFICATIONS

1. Aquaculture Engineer

An intensive short (two-four month) course at an appropriate institution in SE Asia, e.g. Southeast Asia Fishery Development Centre and Univ. Philippines Los Banos, or Kasetsart University and Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, or Wuxi, NACA Fishculture Institute, People's Republic of China, or Fishculture Training Centre, Bogor and Soukabunu, Java, Indonesia, followed by a one-month study tour to the other two countries to review aquaculture construction techniques used on both small-scale and semi-intensive patterns. To be scheduled in 1987.

Requires a basic degree in irrigation engineering with post-graduate qualification and experience in this discipline. The candidate is expected to be identified amongst serving LBDA staff, and will return to LBDA service after completion of his training.

2. Senior Aquaculturist

The Senior Aquaculturist is to undertake a diploma course in fishculture management at an appropriate specialist institution in Philippines, Thailand or Indonesia, followed by a study tour to FAO HQ Rome, to complete a wider overview of management aspects. Duration approximately nine months plus one month in Rome; to start in 1987 if possible. Qualifications: basic degree in fisheries science plus post-graduate specialization and experience in fishculture.

3. Assistant Aquaculturist

4. Aquaculturist (Trainee)

One candidate to follow a full academic course in tropical fishculture at Orissa, India. Duration approximately nine months to start as soon as possible (1987–88). Qualification: a basic degree in fisheries with some experience of fishculture techniques.

5. Fisheries Specialist

One candidate to undertake a study tour to examine the application of mixed (integrated) fishculture techniques as applied in small-scale and semi-intensive situations. Duration: one month in 1987 in Hungary and in Zambia. Qualifications: a basic qualification in fisheries science and at least ten years experience of fishculture applications in Africa.

6. District Field Coordinators (8)

These candidates have already undertaken a short course on semi-intensive Tilapia culture techniques as applied in Israel, but additional knowledge and experience is required regarding smaller, less intensive techniques used in SE Asia, plus for some candidates a particular exposure to Tilapia fry production techniques. Four candidates to SEAFDEC Philippines, four candidates to Thailand. Duration: 1.0 m/m, preferably in the first semester of the year 1987 or 1988.

7. Fishculture Extension Officer

Candidates not yet identified but a national expert is required with a combination of skills in rural fishculture production and in communication/teaching, so as to lead the orientation, teaching and transfer of known technology to the target groups of rural farmers and rural community groups. A four/six-month diploma in aquaculture in SEAFDEC Philippines. Qualifications: a basic degree in fisheries science combined with a further qualification in teaching methods, plus considerable practical experience in fishculture.

8. Fishfarming Extensionists

Seven candidates scheduled to be charged with the day-to-day management of the seven fry production centres, to undertake the standard three-month course in aquaculture in India. Two or three candidates per year. Qualifications: successful completion of the FFE training course organized by the project, plus subsequent responsible experience in the field.

9. Training of Emergent Fishfarmers Overseas, e.g. in Zambia, Philippines, Thailand.

Appendix 6

PROFILES FOR SENIOR NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL POSTS

Fisheries Specialist (LBDA)

Under the direction of the Managing Director of LBDA, responsible for the planning and implementation of all fisheries activities, of which the fishfarming activities of the project are only a part. Focal point for coordination and liaison of project activities with other governmental agencies. Post-graduate qualification in fisheries science plus at least ten years progressively senior experience.

Senior Aquaculturist (LBDA)

Under the supervision of the Fisheries Specialist, responsible in conjunction with the FAO Team Leader for the implementation of the project. A basic qualification in fisheries science plus a post-graduate qualification in aquaculture and at least four years practical fishculture experience.

Assistant Aquaculturist/Provincial Coordinators (LBDA)

Responsible, under the Senior Aquaculturist and in collaboration with the fishculture extensionist, for the implementation and maintenance of the fishculture extension programme and local training activities. Basic qualification in fisheries science or equivalent plus a post-graduate qualification in aquaculture.

Aquaculturist Trainee (LBDA)

Under the supervision of the Fisheries Specialist, various temporary assignments, being an initial orientation toward the fishculture programme. A basic qualification in fisheries science with specialization in aquaculture.

District Field Coordinators (LBDA)

Responsible under the Provincial Coordinator for the implementation and monitoring of the fishculture extension programme, and general supervision of operations of the district fry production centre. Top-ranking qualification at the Fish-farming Extensionists' courses run by the project.

Fishfarming Extensionists (LBDA)

Responsible under the District Field Coordinators for the day-to-day implementation and maintaining of the fishculture extension programme, in direct daily contact with the fish-farmers. Satisfactory completion of the FFE courses run by the project. Selected FFEs will be responsible for the day-to-day operations' arrangements of fry production centres.

Fishfarming Extensionist (FAO)

Responsible, in collaboration with the Senior Aquaculturist (LBDA), for the organization and execution of the whole extension programme and its monitoring as well as all the internal training activities of the project, including the use of community and fry production centres as demonstration ponds. A basic qualification in fisheries/fishculture with at least four years specific field experience in small-scale fishculture extension techniques.

Fishculturist (FAO)

Responsible, in collaboration with the Senior Aquaculturist (LBDA) and the two Assistant Aquaculturists (LBDA), for the implementation of the fishculture rehabilitation programme, taking primary responsibility for the development of the fry production centres, and demonstration ponds. A basic qualification in fisheries with at least seven years experience in fishculture of tilapia under extensive/semi-intensive conditions.

Aquaculture Engineer (UNV)

Responsible, under the FAO Fishculturist, for the construction of fry production centres and under the Fishfarming Extensionist, for advising wherever needed in the construction and rehabilitation of private fishponds. Profile: a basic qualification in civil engineering with at least four years practical experience in aquaculture engineering techniques.

Fishfarming Extensionists (UNV)

Under the general supervision of the Fishfarming Extensionist and Senior Aquaculturist, will be responsible for assisting in the training of personnel in the field, and particularly in the rehabilitation/construction of and stocking of fishponds. A basic qualification in fisheries or related discipline plus experience in development work, preferably fishfarming of Tilapia in Africa.

Administrative/Executive Assistant (FAO)

Under the general supervision of the FAO Team Leader and in collaboration with the Senior Aquaculturist (LBDA), responsible for the administration of the project accounts for forward expenditure planning and detailed monitoring of the inputs and costs of each principal project activity as well as the fry production centre operation. A basic qualification in accounting/office administration and preferably two years progressively senior professional experience with government and/or international institutions.

Junior Professionals (FAO)

Under the general supervision of the Senior Aquaculturist (LBDA) and FAO Team Leader, responsible for undertaking specific assignments assisting in the training of junior personnel in the field, in the rehabilitation/construction and stocking of fish-ponds. A basic qualification in fisheries as a related discipline and preferably some experience in fisheries development activities.

Junior professionals will be recruited by FAO for limited periods, to provide specific disciplinary expertise not available elsewhere in the project team (e.g. cage culture, breeding systems or particular research specialization), to carry out such activities, while the national graduate counterpart is sent to be trained to take over those particular functions in the project.

Annex 3
Draft Project Document KEN/86/003

(to follow, for information only since it is no longer included in the latest draft UNDP Country Programme)

Annex 4
Draft Project Document KEN/86/006

(to follow for information only since it is not included in the Latest draft UNDP Country Programme)

Annex 5
PROJECT CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEES

Due to the multidisciplinary nature of both fisheries projects in their objectives and work programmes which need to interact with many other departments, institutions and private sector activities, effective channels of collaboration are always needed. In order to ensure such cooperation and coordination, a technical consultative committee is suggested for each fisheries project.

The general terms of reference of are:

1. to promote and facilitate cooperation in attaining project objectives.

2. to provide technical guidance in overcoming local operational and/or administrative constraints in development activities.

3. to review periodic progress reports and facilitate forward planning and implementation priorities.

4. to enable practical liaison between departments and private sector activities for the application of project results and for widening impact.

5. to undertake any other advisory functions as may be needed for the effective operations of the project.

The membership may be as follows:

1) Coastal aquaculture development consultative committee

Assistant Director of Fisheries (Marine) (Chairman)
Representative of KMFRI
FAO Team Leader
National Project Manager
Representative of Salt Industries
Fishermen's Associations and other co-opted members (e.g. from Ports & Harbours, University of Nairobi, KWFTI, etc).

2) Inland fish-farming development consultative committee

Deputy Managing Director, LBDA (Chairman)
National project leader, LBDA
Assistant Director of Fisheries (Western) or SFO Sagana
FAO Technical Advisor/Team Leader
Representative of Belgium Survival Fund
Representative from KMFRI (Kisumu)
Representative from University of Nairobi
Representative from Agricultural Farmers' Training Centres/District Development Committees
Private fish-farmers (2), individual and group representatives
Other co-opted members (KWFTI, UNDP, irrigation or agricultural projects, etc.)

Annex 6
REVOLVING FUND: PROMOTIONAL CREDIT FOR SMALL HOLDER FISH-FARMING

A special allocation of funds is recommended, for administration by the people's participation programmes, to be reserved exclusively for promoting fish-farming enterprise. The same general principles apply, viz:

• to increase credit-worthiness

• to increase financial and economic self reliance

• to provide reasonably priced and timely credit

• to expand development and income-generating capacity of rural groups

• to increase group-member access to credit and savings thus promote financial security;

• to create a pool of capital for local community investments and enhance credit worthiness of rural individuals and groups.

It is recognized that such joint-liability of well-organized farmers' groups is more effective than individual loans since it reduces the unit cost of servicing these small accounts, stimulates group pressure to ensure better repayment and provides credit to capable and technically worthy small holders who lack traditional forms of local collateral.

Since such credit programmes are already operational in the Kakamega district for small farmers' groups, the infrastructure already exists for carrying out the fish-farming credit scheme. It is suggested that objective criteria should be used as qualifiers for applicants, and that extension staff should not be involved in the loan approval process which is the exclusive responsibility of the loan committee of the credit agency for small farmers.

1. Suggested criteria for applicants to qualify for credit

a. Pre-requisite

1. Fish-pond owners, trained at extension courses, with demonstrated operating competence

2. Approved site suitable for expansion with adequate water supply and soil type

3. Minimum pond size 500 m² with potential expansion to 0.5 ha

4. Adequate protection from erosion, flood damage, predation, pollution hazards

5. Adequate labour inputs supplied for completing earthwork pond construction, supply and drainage canals

6. Provision of records of development in existing fishponds and use of standard records for new ponds.

b. Desirable

1. Group-operated with much employment generating potential for youths, women

2. Location in protein-deficient or high market demand areas

3. Multiple water use and conservation aspects

4. Integration with livestock, poultry and vegetable production or rice irrigation schemes.

2. Suggested Terms of Credit

Cash

1. Maximum levels for individual KShs 5,000/-, group KShs 50,000/-

2. Purchase of hardware against payment bills (pipes, cement for tanks, gabion protection, etc. livestock/poultry pens)

3. Purchase of initial stocks - fingerling fish, ducks or pigs, feeds

4. Technical certification by extensionist of plan, estimates and construction for required purchases.

Services

1. Labour inputs by the group/owner should not be financed by credit

2. Maintenance and operational costs should be part of group/owner inputs

3. Conditions

These may be consistent with loans for small livestock but should have:

1. grace period for repayment of at least 6 months to 1 year from time of fingerling stocking

2. payments should begin with first harvesting of fish

3. maximum period should be 3 years for 500 m² and 5 years for larger ponds

4. verification of calculations and data in the application form

5. flexibility in the event of unforeseen problems or disasters

6. continued extensionist advice and support to ensure success

4. Assessment System

Objective ratings may be given by scores of 1 to 10 by extensionists for:

Market Potential: table fish ............. fingerlings  ........... local need  ........... 
Location: Land size ............. soil type ............. water supply ............. 
Risks: Flood damage  ........... erosion ............. pollution ............. predation ......... 
Supplies available: fish fingerlings ............. livestock ............. feeds ............. 
Fishpond condition: Size ............. harvest ............. condition ............. 
Development potential: Pond area ............. livestock ............. integration .......... 

5. Disaster Clause

In the event of sudden uncontrollable circumstances which affect the operation of the fishpond (flood/wash-out/fish mortality, etc.) the loan committee may seek the technical advice of the extension service for deferred payments. Efforts should be made to re-establish or re-stock the pond, avoid total operating losses and extend the repayment period for the group.

Annex 7
ITINERARY AND INSTITUTIONS VISITED

Mission Itinerary

Mr. W.H. Allsopp represented UNDP, and Mr. M.J. Mann, FAO, but in fact the BSF member (Prof. de Maeseneer) although nominated was unable to join the mission, however Mr. E. Naessens from the KMFRI-Belgium Artemia project joined as an observer (23 to 27/10) whilst the Coastal Aquaculture activities were being considered.

There was no permanent member representing the Kenya Government, but for each of the three activities senior officers and their staff from the Government Implementing Agencies (particularly Mr. N. Odero, DOF; Mr. S.B. Obura, LBDA; Mr. A. Achieng, LBDA; Mr. S. Allela, KMFRI; Mr. F. Petet, WFTI) and their staff were closely consulted.

Concluding discussions were held on 19 November with the Permanent Secretaries of the two principal ministries concerned: Tourism and Wildlife; Energy and Rural Development, together with their senior officers and representatives of UNDP Nairobi, FAO Nairobi, and the Belgian Government.

Institutions contacted

Government of Kenya

Department of Fisheries (Director, Deputy Director, Senior Fishery Officers), Nairobi
Assistant Director Fisheries (Marine) Mombasa
ADF (Western) Kisumu
Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (Director and Senior Staff) Mombasa, Kisumu
Kenya Wildlife and Fisheries Training Institute (Director and Senior Staff), Naivasha
Lake Basin Development Authority (Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Senior Staff), Kisumu
Ministry of Wildlife and Tourism, Nairobi
Ministry of Energy and Regional Development, Nairobi

Project Headquarters

Other Institutions and Agencies

World Bank/IDA offices, Technical Assistance offices of University of Nairobi, Zoology department), Diplomatic missions of Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States.

Annex 8
CONTACTS WITH DONOR AGENCIES

World Bank: Intimated that the Kabonyo project for commercial fishpond development was in abeyance and was unlikely to be taken up before the credit agreement expires, because of the long lead-time required for construction bids, etc. WB was interested to learn that the LBDA small-farmer project will be catering for farmers' skill-development in commercial aquaculture systems which should prepare groups of competent operators for private enterprise using larger fishponds. This could mean that the Kabonyo scheme may be operated by such groups in the future.

Netherlands: Were interested in the possible follow-up of the project proposals presented by the Zonneveld mission. The possibility of assistance to WFTI, or expertise for breeding systems of catfish and of prawns, were discussed as possible projects inputs if these were formally requested through UNDP or FAO as bilateral or co-financed projects.

USA/Peace Corps: The existing team of 20 volunteers working mostly in West Nyanza was likely to be phased out when their assignments were completed. The current arrangements with DOF had been subject to many operational constraints, and following a recent technical review it was agreed that the volunteers should work with a more limited number of target farmers (5 instead of 20), and that the specialist services of mature volunteers would be preferable in the future. Accordingly possible inputs with the LBDA or WFTI projects may be considered.

UK/ODA: Had previously provided some literature to the library of WFTI, some inputs to Lake Turkana, and was now interested in any possible assistance needs which DOF may request in aquaculture. UK/ODA intimated a willingness to provide specialist inputs in sex-reversal techniques for Tilapia, fish-processing systems, and possibly collaboration with industrial fish-farming activities such as had been carried out with the sugar estates' aquaculture systems of Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mauritius. Similarly prepared to consider inputs for WFTI since UK/ODA had had considerable experience with English-speaking fisheries training institutions in the tropics.

Belgium/Belgian Survival Fund: Indicated a readiness to continue cost-sharing arrangements for KEN/80/006=KEN/86/027, also to contribute to a credit fund for the small holders' fishculture programme, but requested that their inputs (e.g. UNV fish-farmers, cost-sharing contributions) should be more clearly identified as part of Belgium's programme in Kenya. Prepared to consider further joint programmes with KMFRI and perhaps with WFTI. The Belgian Minister for Cooperation would visit Kenya end November 1986.

Annex 9
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF NATIONAL PROJECT LEADERS

It has been the general feeling that projects should be nationally managed, that the national project leaders be given specific short-course training so as to be able to fulfill their obligations.

The Project Leader is a national responsible for planning and directing the activities of the project toward the achievement of its objective, as defined in the project document. He is responsible both to the Government Implementing Agency and the UN Executing Agency. In carrying out his functions he will adhere to the policies and procedures of the Government in respect of the Government inputs, and of UNDP/FAO in respect of the UNDP financed inputes. He may delegate specific functions but the ultimate responsibility for these activities rests with him. His specific responsibilities include:

1. Preparation of a workplan consistent with the provisions of the project document.

2. Coordination of the assignments of the national and international personnel foreseen, including their identification and selection.

3. Coordination of the work undertaken by the national and international personnel assigned to the project in line with the workplan and the overall project objectives.

4. Supervision of all project activities and, together with the project advisory committee, reviewing progress and workplans.

5. Coordination of project activities with other related bilateral or national activities undertaken in the country.

6. Nomination of national project staff for group training and/or fellowships and the identification of their training programmes.

7. Preparation of and supervision of in-service and on-the-job training programmes.

8. Monitoring of all training programmes and the integration of all newly trained personnel.

9. Mobilization of Government inputs in respect of subcontracted services, equipment, facilities and operating costs.

10. Supervision of the delivery, installation and utilization of all equipment, and maintenance of an inventory of all project equipment and service records.

11. Management and expenditure of funds provided under the donor budget for local operating costs, including for duty travel, administrative support, operations and maintenance, and sundry, as well as the maintenance of the appropriate accounts.