ANNEX 1

SCHEDULE OF WORK

LIST OF PERSONS MET

Government of Kenya

• Mr. NGATA, Chief Accountant, Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife
• Mr. DEYA, Chief Personnel Officer, Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife
• Mr. KIBUTHU, Accountant, Fisheries Department
• Mr. KAMANDE, Deputy Director, Fisheries Department
• Mr. MWAKILENGE, Assistant Director of Fisheries, Coast Province
• Mr. KAVU, Fisheries Officer-in-Charge
• Mr. MWANGI, Fisheries Officer-in-Charge of aquaculture
• Mr. JUBA, Assistant Fisheries Officer

United Nations

• Mr. Pennacchio, UNDP Resident Representative
• Mr. Phillips, FAO Representative
• Mr. Jacobsen, Programme Officer, FAO
• Mr. Sivalingam, Project Manager, KEN/80/018
• Mr. Hada, Aquaculture Engineer, UN Volunteer

Private Industry

• Mr. Pousse, Kenya Remote Sensing Soil Survey
• Mr. Hellier, biologist
• Mr. Chawdry
• Mr. Evans, Compass Ltd.
• Mr. Balleto, Salt Operation Engineer

PERSONNEL ATTACHED TO THE PROJECT

FAO STAFF

• a Project Manager
• an UNV Aquaculture Engineer
• 2 Secretaries

Note: previously there were 2 biologist/associate experts until early 1984 and one fishfarm manager throughout 1983

KENYA STAFF

• a Fisheries Officer counterpart to Project Manager (on leave during my visit)
• a Fisheries Officer (on fellowship)
• a Fisheries Officer counterpart to the Biologist
• an Assistant Fisheries Officer, counterpart to the Fishfarm Manager
• an Assistant Fisheries Officer, counterpart to the Aquaculture Engineer (both in Ngomeni)
• one Fisheries Assistant in Malindi
• 3 Fisheries Assistants in Ngomeni
• 2 Fish Crew and Scouts in Malindi
• 2 Fish Crew and Scouts in Ngomeni
• 4 casual workers in Malindi
  • 1 for laboratory maintenance
  • 3 Drivers
• 13 casual field workers in Ngomeni
  • 4 Field Assistants
  • 4 Watchmen
  • 4 Helpers
  • 1 Store Assistant
• casual construction workers (33 during my visit)

total in Malindi      13
total in Ngomeni   20
one on fellowship

TABLE 1: PRODUCTION RESULTS

Column

1      Year/culture serial number/pond code number
2      Date of stocking/date of harvest
3      Duration of grow-out (days)
4      Density of shrimp fry stocked (number/m²)
5      Final production (weight in kg)
6      Production rate: weight/hectare
7      Mean weight of individual shrimp (gr)

Exp. experimental cycle - no production data

TABLE 2: AVERAGE PRODUCTION BY POND

kg = average weight of shrimp production per harvest period approx. 90 d

TABLE 3 : GROWTH CURVES

Trial No                              Pond No                              Area                             

Date of Stocking                                

Date of harvesting                                   No of days                                

BIOLOGICAL DATA (SAMPLING/STOCKING)

DATE                          POND                          STATION                         

GEAR                                                               SAMPLE NO                         

REMARKS                                                                                                                         

1 SAMPLE OF PRAWNS FROM POND                                                 

HARVEST/GROWTH                                                                          SPECIES                                                 

DATE COLLECTED                                                                         

INDIVIDUAL WEIGHT IN GRAMS

ANNEXE 2

Proposals for improvement of the pond gate

FARMING PROCEDURE NO. 1: MR. PADLAN'S RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HASTENING DEVELOPMENT OF GELATINOUS MUD AT NGOMENI PILOT FISH FARM

A. Slightly acid to slightly alkaline pond soils (pH 6.5–7.5)

1. Dry pond bottom for 7 to 10 days
2. Let in water through fine mesh bag net screen to a depth of 60 cm minimum, 1.0 m maximum
3. Fertilize immediately with chicken manure at 150 kg/ha or raw cow dung at 300 kg/ha plus ammonium phosphate (16-20-0 or 20-20-0, NPK) at 25 kg/ha.
4. If chicken manure is used, apply weekly thereafter at 100 kg/ha and ammonium phosphate at 20 kg/ha. Chicken manure should be soaked one night before and applied evenly and simultaneously with ammonium phosphate.
5. If raw cow dung is used, apply at 60 to 100 kg/ha every other day, or 200 to 300 kg/ha every week plus 20 kg/ha of ammonium phosphate at weekly intervals.
6. Continue application of fertilizers for three months.
7. Pond may be stocked with mullet fingerlings (0.5 to 2 g) up to 10 000/ha ¹ to utilize the space and time, but institute aeration immediately, or apply hydrated lime up to 200 kg/ha evenly over the water surface if O₂ deficiency symptons (fish bobbing on surface before sunrise) occur or allow new water if tide conditions permit.
8. Drain pond and dry.

B. Acidic soils (pH 5.0 to 6.0)

1. Before levelling work, apply 1.5 tons of agricultural lime/ha over the pond bottom. Let in 5 cm in water. ²
2. Level pond bottom, loosening soil to soft consistency up to 15 cm during the process.
3. Drain, apply 1.5 tons of agricultural lime/ha over the entire pond.
4. Proceed as in A.

C. Acidic soils (pH 4 to 4.5)

1. Proceeds as in B, steps 1 and 2, but apply agricultural lime at double the rate.
2. Allow about 15 to 20 cm of water and let it stay for 2 weeks. At the end of this period, test water pH just before sunrise.
3. If pH is lower than 5.5, drain pond, dry for 2 weeks and repeat step 2.
4. Repeat step 3 until pH reaches 5.5.

¹ If stocked with fish, pond salinity should not be allowed to exceed 45 ppt. When salinity goes beyond this level, initiate partial water exchange 1 or 2 days before the next fertilization schedule. Limit carrying capacity of pond to 600 kg/ha at one time. Make partial harvest of 100 to 200 kg/ha when this is reached. Confine fish in supply canal for 2–3 days to get rid of strong smell if they are intended for the market. Harvest or transfer fish to another area for further growing.

² Consultants' additional recommendations to Mr. Padlan's procedures.

CULTURE OF LABLAB AFTER FORMATION OF 5–10 CM LAYER OF HYDROPHILIC MUD

A. January to March (before long rains)

1. Drain pond and dry until moisture content of soil is about 20%. Without moisture tester, this can be determined by walking over pond bottom. Drying is complete if standing on one leg, one does not sink more than 1 cm. Care should be taken not to over dry point of dessication of surface layer.
2. Distribute chicken manure in heaps at regular interval to conform to application at 2 t/ha, air dry weight.
3. Allow water. On a well levelled pond, this should be an average depth of 5 to 7 cm over platform.
4. Distribute the chicken manure evenly after it has soaked.
5. Allow water to dry by evaporation.
6. Allow pond bottom to dry until 20% moisture content is attained again.
7. Let in new water to an average depth of 7–8 cm.
8. After 3 days, when a thin layer of lablab has developed, apply ammonium phosphate (16-20-0 or 20-20-0 NPK) at 25 kg/ha.
9. After 2 weeks, raise water gradually to 15 cm at not more than 2 cm per day. Then apply ammonium phosphate at 10 g/m³ of water.
10. Continue raising water every spring tide until 40 cm depth is attained. By this time, rains will have started to fall, reducing salinity to suitable levels for stocking.
11. Apply ammonium phosphate weekly thereafter at same rate as in 9.

B. August to September

1. Drain and dry pond last rain to 20% moisture content.
2. Allow water to a depth of 7 to 10 cm
3. After 3 days, fertilize with diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) at 50 kg/ha.
4. Raise water gradually to 40 cm.
5. Apply diammonium at about 8 g/m³ at weekly intervals.

Note: In all operations A and B, pond may be stocked as soon as water has reached a depth of 25 to 30 cm. Ensure proper acclimatization measures, however, before releasing fish into the pond. Shrimps may be stocked if salinity is within growing range.

FARMING PROCEDURE NO. 2: COUNTING PROCEDURE A

• Principle: observation of samples of shrimp fry in comparison to an exactly counted sample in an identical situation.
• Prepare 5 or more white basins with the same amount of sea-water (10 to 20 l. Count exactly 500 juveniles one by one in basin no. 1. Make sure to count only the P. indicus but leave in the foreign unwanted species in the same proportion as in the wild population.
• Observe the basin for a while
• Fill up progressively the remaining basins in order to have the same visual impression as in basin no. 1.
• When the five basins look identical, pour the shrimps in the ponds, keeping only the basin no. 1 for a next round of estimations.
• If the observers have difficulty in estimating 500 juveniles, they can start with only 300 fry and then increase progressively the number to 500, 800 and even more.

FARMING PROCEDURE NO. 3: COUNTING PROCEDURE B

• Principle: count the exact number of fry in a defined unit of measure and then use that unit to estimate the whole population.
• A traditional unit of measurement of shrimp fry in Japan is the teasieve. The juveniles are gathered with a scoop net, then gently poured to fill up a teasieve and then counted. It is then known that a full teasieve represent so many juveniles (500 or 1 000) depending of the size of the teasieve and of the size of the juveniles.
• As a commercial teasieve may be too big, the volume can be reduced in different ways, by filling up part of the sieve with P.V.C. resin or by painting a red line around the sieve or by building a small sieve out of a P.V.C. ring and mosquito mesh.
• The units is filled with fry up to the notified limit and the shrimps are counted one by one; then the population is estimated by counting the total number of sieves that can be filled up.
• It is necessary to recount the shrimps one by one in a full sieve every 30 or 50 samples as the size may vary between the beginning and the end of the operation.
• The shrimps are hardy and support very well the operation if the operation is realized with care and attention.

FARMING PROCEDURE NO. 4: SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

• To do a correct sampling a castnet is used in many countries, but it cannot be used in Ngomeni due to the presence of branches in the pond to discourage poachers. A square trap net (60 × 60 cm) mounted on a frame can be used. It is left lying on the bottom of the pond with some bait for one hour; it is then suddenly pulled out of the water with all the shrimps that have been attracted. Such trap catch will give a more accurate evolution of the growth. The results of the sample as well as of the other parameters must be typed immediately and distributed to the staff. They can then be discussed and the programme adjusted during the following staff meeting.

DAILY OPERATION DATA

The form is to be filled everyday; it must give a detailed report of what is happening in each pond.

Environmental data

Weather: it can be reported as sunny, cloudy or rainy.

Water exchange

The water exchange will be done automatically as soon as an improved gate design will be put in service. The water exchange will be noted as + on the day of exchange and O when there will be no exchange. The level must be recorded just after closing the gate and just before opening it. The salinity must be read with the refractometer every other day and just before opening the gate.

Lablab

The pond manager will appreciate the growth of lablab as none, little, normal or excess.

Comments

In this column will be specified the activity developed every day in each pond such as drying, elimination of crabs, fertilization with the type of fertilizer and the amount used in kg, preparation of lablab, stocking with the exact number, sampling, harvesting, etc.

Any additional intervention or unusual observations must be specified such as an anormal colour of the soil or the water, problems at the gate or maintenance of the pond (tilling, reinforcement of the dike, etc.).

DAILY OPERATION DATA

POND MANAGEMENT DATA

For administration use only

Staff and administration pro rata expenses.

OPERATION NO

POPULATION RECORD DATA

OBSERVATIONS:

OPERATION NO

POND RECORD DATA

OBSERVATIONS: