Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page


Annex III. Literature Cited


Alcamo, J. (ed.), 1994: IMAGE 2.0: Integrated Modelling of Global Climate Change. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 321 p.

Ambach, W., 1993: Effects of climatic perturbations on the equilibrium-line altitude, West Greenland. Glaciology, 39, 5-9.

Arnell, N., B. Bates, H. Lang, J.J. Magnuson and P. Mulholland, 1996: Hydrology and freshwater ecology. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contributions of Working Group H to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 325-363.

Baldocchi, D.D., B.B. Hicks and T.P. Meyers, 1988: Measuring biosphere atmosphere exchanges of biologically-related gases with micrometeorlogical methods. Ecology, 69, 1131-1340.

Barry, R.G., 1985: The cryosphere and climate change. In: Detection of Co-induced Climatic Change, M.C. MacCracken and P.M. Luther (eds.), DOE/ER-0235, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Barry, R.G., 1986: The sea ice database. In: The Geophysics of Sea Ice, N. Untersteiner (ed.), Plenum, New York, NY.

Barry, R.G. and R.L. Armstrong, 1987: Snow cover data management; the role of WDC-A for Glaciology. Hydrological Science, 32, 281-295.

Barry, R.G., 1990: Cryospheric products from the DMSP SSM/I: Status and research applications. Global and Planetary Change, 4, 231-234.

Barry, R.G., 1993: Climate change in the mountains. In: The State of the World's Mountains, P.B. Stone (ed.), Zed Books, London, UK.

Barry, R.G. and A. M. Brennan, 1993: Towards a permafrost information system. In: Permafrost, Sixth International Conference Proceedings, Volume 1. South China University of Technology Press, Wushan Guangzhou, China.

Barry, R.G. and J. A. Maslanik, 1994: Monitoring lake freeze-up, break-up as a climatic index. In: Snow Watch '92 Glaciology Data Report, GD-25, R.G. Barry, B.E. Goodison and E.F. LeDrew (eds.), WDC-A for Glaciology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

Barry, R. G., J. Brown and A. Heginbottom, 1995: Workshop on Permafrost Data and Information, Oslo, Norway. Glaciology Data Report, GD-28, WDC-A for Glaciology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

Baumgartner, A. and E. Reichel, 1975: The World Water Balance. R. Oldenberg, Vienna, Austria.

Baumgartner, M.F. and A. Rango, 1991: Snow cover mapping using microwave imager processing systems. Nordic Hydrology, 22, 193-210.

Berner, E. and R. Berner, 1987: The Global Water Cycle. Prentice and Hall Inc., Princeton, NJ.

Beven, K.J. and M.J. Kirkby, 1979: A physically-based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. Hydrological Services Bulletin, 24, 1, 43-69.

Beven, K.J. and M.J. Kirkby, N. Schofield and A.F. Tagg, 1984: Testing a physically-based flood forecasting model (TOPCMODEL) for three UK catchments. Journal of Hydrology, 69, 119-143.

Bonan, G.B., 1991: Atmosphere-biosphere exchange of carbon dioxide in boreal forests. Geophysical Research, 96, 7301-7312.

Bonan, G.B., 1993a: Physiological derivation of the observed relationship between net primary production and mean annual air temperature. Tellus, Ser. B, 45, 397-408.

Bonan, G.B., 1993b: Importance of leaf area index and forest type when estimating photosynthesis in boreal forests. Remote Sensing of Environment, 43, 303-314.

Bonan, G.B., 1995: Land-atmosphere interactions for climate system models: Coupling biophysical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem dynamical processes. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51, 57-73.

Botkin, D.B., J.F. Janak, and J.R. Wallis, 1972: Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth. Ecology, 60, 849-872.

Bourke, R.H. and A.S. McLaren, 1992: Contour mapping of Arctic Basin ice draft and roughness parameters. Geophysical Research, 97, 17715-17728.

Braithwaite, R.J. and Olesen, O.B., 1990: Increased ablation at the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet under a greenhouse-effect climate. Annals of Glaciology, 14, 20-22.

Braithwaite, R.J. 1993: Is the Greenland Ice Sheet getting thicker? Climatic Change, 23, 379-381.

Brown, S., J. Sathaye, M. Cannell, P. Kauppi, et al., 1996: Management of forests for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contributions of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 773-797.

Brutsaert, W., 1984: Evaporation into the Atmosphere. D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Brutsaert, W., T. Schmugge, P. Sellers and F. Hall, 1988: Large-scale experimental technology with remote sensing in land surface hydrology and meteorology. EOS (May 3), 561.

Bugmann, H.K.M. and A.M. Solomon. 1996: The use of a European forest model in North America: A study of ecosystem response to climate gradients. Journal of Biogeography, 22, 477-484.

Carroll, T.R., 1991: Operational airborne and satellite snow cover products of the National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Centre. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Eastern Snow Conference, Bangor, ME.

Chang, A.T.C., J.L. Foster and O.K. Hall, 1987: Nimbus-7 SMMR derived global snow cover parameters. Annals of Glaciology, 9, 39-44.

Chang, A.T.C., J.L. Foster, D.K. Hall, H.W. Powell and U.L. Chien, 1990: Nimbus-7 SMMR derived global snow depth data set. The Pilot Land Data System, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre, Greenbelt, MD.

Chapman, W.L. and J.E. Walsh, 1993: Recent variations of sea ice and air temperature in high latitudes. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 74, 33-47.

Chen, J.M. and T.A. Black, 1992: Defining leaf area index for non-flat leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 15, 421-429.

Chen, J.M. and J. Cihlar, 1995a: Plant canopy gap-size analysis theory for improving optical measurements of leaf-area index. Applied Optics, 34, 27, 6211-6222.

Chen, J.M. and J. Cihlar, 1995b: Algorithms for retrieving LAI and FPAR of boreal conifer forests using Landsat TM images. Digest of 17th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Saskatoon, Canada.

Clark, P.U., D.R. MacAyeal, J.T. Andrews and P.J. Bartlein, 1995: Ice sheets play an important role in climate change. EOS, July 4, 265.

Collingham, Y.C., M.O. Hill and B. Huntley, 1997: The migration of sessile organisms: A simulation model with measureable parameters. J. Vegetation Sci. (in press).

Crane, R.G. (ed.), 1993: Workshop on Cryospheric Data Rescue and Access. In: Glaciological Data, Report GD25. World Data Centre-A for Glaciology, Boulder, CO.

Dickinson, R.E. 1983: Land surface processes and climate-surface albedos and engery balance. Advances in Geophysics, 25, 305-353.

Dickinson, R.E., A. Henderson-Sellers, C. Rosenzweig and P.J. Sellers, 1991: Evapotranspiration models with canopy resistance for use in climate models: A review. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54, 373-388.

Dickinson, R.E., 1995: Land processes in climate models. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51, 27-38.

Dixon, R.K., S. Brown, R.A. Houghton, A.M. Solomon, M.C. Trexler and J. Wisneiwski. 1994: Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science, 263, 185-190.

Doake, C.S.M. and D.G. Vaughan, 1991: Rapid disintegration of the Wordie Ice Shelf in response to atmospheric warming. Nature, 350, 328-330.

Dolph, J., D. Marks and G.A. King, 1992: Sensitivity of the regional water balance in the Columbia River Basin to climate variability: Application of a spatially distributed water balance model. In: Watershed Management: Balancing Sustainability and Environmental Change, R.J. Naiman (ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

Drewry, D., 1983: Antarctica, Glaciological and Geophysical Folio. Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, UK.

Dunne, T. and L.B. Leopold, 1978: Water in Environmental Planning. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, NY.

Duus, A.L., 1992: Estimation and analysis of snow cover in the Snowy Mountains between 1900 and 1991. Australian Meteorological Magazine, 40, 195-204.

Eagleson, P.S. 1986: The emergence of global-scale hydrology. Water Resources Research, 22, 9, 6-14.

Eidenshink, J.C. and J.L. Faundeen, 1994: The 1 km AVHRR global data set: First stages in implementation. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15, 17, 3443-3462.

Emanuel, W.R., H.H. Shugart and M.P. Stevenson, 1985a: Climate change and the broad-scale distribution of terrestrial ecosystem complexes. Climatic Change, 7, 29-43.

Emanuel, W.R., H.H. Shugart and M.P. Stevenson, 1985b: Climate change and the broad-scale distribution of terrestrial ecosystem complexes: Response to comment. Climatic Change, 1, 457-460.

Fahnestock, M., R. Bindschadler, R. Kwok and K. Jezek, 1993: Greenland Ice Sheet surface properties and ice dynamics from ERS-1 SAR. Science, 262, 1530-1534.

Famiglietti, J.S., E.F. Wood, M. Sivapalan and D.J. Thongs, 1992: A catchment scale water balance model for FIFE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 18997-19007.

Farnsworth, R. and E. Thompson, 1982: Mean monthly, seasonal and annual pan evaporation for the United States. NOAA Technical Report NWS 34, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.

Fitzharris, B.B., et al., 1996: The cryosphere: changes and their impacts. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution of Working Group H to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Fohn, P.M., 1990: Schnee und lawinen. In: Schnee, Eis und Wasser der Alpen in einer warmeren Atmosphere. Mitteilungen 108, VAW/ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.

Foster, J.L., 1989: The significance of the date of snow disappearance on the Arctic tundra as a possible indicator of climate change. Arctic Alpine Research, 21, 60-70.

Foster, J.L., J.W. Winchester and E.G. Dutton, 1992: The date of snow disappearance in the Arctic tundra as determined from satellite, meteorological station and radiometric in situ observations. Transactions Geoscience Remote Sensing, 13, 225-231.

Fung, I.Y., C.J. Tucker and K. Prentice, 1987: Application of AVHRR vegetation index to study atmospheric-biosphere exchange of CO2. Geophysical Research, 92, 2999-3015.

GCOS-13, 1995: GCOS Data and Information Management Plan, WMO/TD-No. 677, Geneva, Switzerland.

GCOS-14, 1995: Plan for the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), WMO/TD-No. 681, Geneva, Switzerland.

GCOS-15, 1995: GCOS Plan for Space-based Observations, WMO/TD-No. 684, Geneva, Switzerland.

GCOS-17, 1995: Report of the GCOS Atmospheric Observation Panel, Second Session, Tokyo, Japan, WMO/TD-No. 696, Geneva, Switzerland.

GCOS-21, 1995: GCOS/GTOS Plan for Terrestrial Climate-related Observations, Version 1.0, WMO/TD-No. 721, Geneva, Switzerland.

Gilichinsky, D.A., 1986: Sezonnaya kriolitozona zapadnoy Sibiri (Seasonal Cryolithozones of western Siberia). Nauka, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Gleick, P.H. 1987: Regional hydrologic consequences of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other trace gases. Climatic Change, 10, 137-161.

Gloersen, P. and W.J. Campbell, 1991: Recent variations in Arctic and Antarctic sea ice covers. Nature, 352, 33-36.

Gloersen P., W.J. Campbell, D.J. Cavalieri, J.C. Comiso, C.L. Parkinson and H.J. Zwally, 1992: Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, 1978-1987: Satellite passive-microwave observations and analysis. NASA SDP-511, NASA, Washington, DC.

Goldammer, J.G., 1990: Fire in the tropical biota. In: Ecosystem Processes and Global Challenges, J.G. Goldammer (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

Goldstein, R.M., H. Englehardt, B. Lamb and R.M. Frolich, 1993: Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring ice sheet motion, application to an Antarctic ice stream. Science, 262, 1525-1530.

Goodison, B.E. and A. Walker, 1993: Data needs for detection of climatic change: Some challenges. In: Snow Watch '92, Glaciology Data Report GD-25, R.G. Barry, B.E. Goodison and E.F. LeDrew (eds.), WDC-A for Glaciology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

Goward, S.N., C.J. Tucker and D. Dye, 1985: North American vegetation patterns observed with the NOAA-7 advanced very high resolution radiometer. Vegetation, 64, 3-14.

Goward, S.N. and D. Dye, 1987: Evaluating North American net primary productivity with satellite observations. Advances in Space Research, 7 (11), 165-174.

Goward, S.N. and D. Dye, 1995: Global biospheric monitoring with remote sensing. In: The Use of Remote Sensing in Modelling Forest Productivity at Scales from the Stand to Global, H.L. Gholtz, K. Nakane and H. Shimoda (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, NY.

Groisman, P. Ya. and D.R. Easterling, 1994: Variability and trends of total precipitation and snow pack over the United States and Canada. Climate, 1, 184-205.

Groisman, P.Ya., T.R. Karl, R.W. Knight and G.L. Stenchikov, 1994a: Changes of snow cover, temperature and radiative heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere. Climate, 1, 1633-1656.

Groisman, P. Ya., T.R. Karl and R.W. Knight, 1994b: Observed impact of snow cover on the heat balance and the rise of continental temperatures in spring. Science, 263, 198-200.

Gutzler, D.S. and R.D. Rosen, 1992: Interannual variability of wintertime snow cover across the Northern Hemisphere. Climate, 5, 1441-1447.

Haeberli, W., 1990: Glacier and permafrost signals of twentieth century warming. Annals of Glaciology, 14, 99-101.

Haeberli, W., G.D. Cheng, A.P. Gorbunov and S.A. Harris, 1993: Mountain permafrost and climatic change. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 4, 165-174.

Haeberli, W., 1995: Glacier fluctuations and climate change detection - operational elements of a worldwide monitoring strategy. WMO Bulletin 44 (1), 23-31.

Hall, F.G., J.R. Townshend and E.T. Engman, 1995: Status of remote sensing algorithms for estimation of land surface state parameters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51, 138-156.

Halpert, M.S., G.D. Bell, V.E. Kousky and C.F. Ropelewski, 1994: Fifth Annual Climate Assessment (1993), Climate Analysis Centre, NOAA, US Dept. of Commerce, Camp Springs, MD.

Haxeltine, A., I.C. Prentice, and I.D. Cresswell, 1996: A coupled carbon and water flux model to predict vegetation structure. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, 5, 651-666.

Holdridge, L.R. 1967: Life Zone Ecology, Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica.

Hornberger, G.M., K.J. Beven, B.J. Cosby and D.E. Sappington, 1985: Shenandoah watershed study: Calibration of a topography based, variable contributing area hydrological model to a small forested catchment. Water Resources Research, 21, 184-1850.

Houghton, J.T., G.J. Jenkins and J.J. Ephramums (eds.), 1990: Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Huete, A.R. and H.Q. Liu, 1994: An error and sensitivity analysis of the atmospheric- and soil-correcting variants of the NDVI for the MODIS-EOS. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 32, 897-904.

IAHS(ICSI)/UNEP/UNESCO, 1994: Glacier Mass Balance Bulletin No. 3 (1992-1993), World Glacier Monitoring Service, WGMS/ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.

ICSU/UNEP/FAO/UNESCO/WMO, 1996: Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS): Turning a sound concept into a practical reality, UNEP/EAP.TR.95-08.

James, M.E. and S.M.V. Kalluri, 1994: The pathfinder AVHRR land data set: An improved coarse resolution data set for terrestrial monitoring. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15 (17), 3347-3364.

Karl, T.R., P. Ya. Groisman, R.W. Knight and R.R. Heim, Jr., 1993: Recent variations of snow cover and snowfall in North America and their relation to precipitation and temperature variations. Climatology, 6, 1327-1344.

Kaczmarek, Z., et al., (eds.) 1996: Water Resources Management in the Face of Climatic/Hydrologic Uncertainties, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 395 pp.

Kelly, C.A., J. Rudd, V. St. Louis and T. Moore, 1994: Turning attention to reservoir surfaces; a neglected area in greenhouse studies. EOS, July 19, 332-333.

Kerr, A. and D. Sugden, 1994: The sensitivity of the south Chilean snowline to climatic change. Climatic Change, 28, 255-272.

King, G.A., and R.P. Neilson, 1992: The transient response of vegetation to climate change: A potential source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 64, 365-383.

King, G.A., A.M. Solomon, G. Koerper and D.L. Phillips, 1997: WINDS: A spatially-explicit model of tree migration by wind (ms submitted to Ecological Applications).

Kirschbaum, M., A. Fischlin, M.G.R. Cannell, R.V.O. Cruz, W. Galinski and W.P. Cramer, 1996: Climate change impacts on forests. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses, Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken, (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 95-129.

Kittel, T. and M.B. Coughnor, 1987: Prediction of regional and local ecological change from global climate model results. In: Monitoring Climate for Effects of Increasing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, R. Pielke and T.G.F. Kittel (eds.), CIRA, Colorado State University, Boulder, CO.

Korzun, V.I., 1978: World water balance and water resources of the Earth. UNESCO Studies and Reports in Hydrology, Series No. 25, UNESCO, Paris, France.

Koster, E.A. and M.E. Nieuwenhuijzen, 1992: Permafrost response to climatic change. Catena Supplement, 32, 37-58.

Kuusisto, E., 1993: Lake ice observations in Finland in the 19th and 20th century: Any message for the 21st? In: Snow Watch '92 Glaciological Data Report GD-25, R.G. Barry, B.E. Goodison and E.F. LeDrew (eds.), WDC-A for Glaciology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

Lachenbruch, A.H. and B.V. Marshall, 1986: Changing climate: Geothermal evidence from permafrost in the Alaskan Arctic. Science, 234, 689-696.

Leemans, R. and W.P. Cramer, 1990: The IIASA database for mean monthly values of temperature, precipitation, and cloudiness of a global terrestrial grid. Number WP-41 in IIASA Working Paper. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.

Leemans, R., A. van Amstel, C. Battjes, E. Kreileman and S. Toot. 1997: The land cover and carbon cycle consequences of large-scale utilizations of biomass as an energy source. Global Environmental Change (in press).

Lettau, H., K. Lettau and L.C.B. Molion, 1979: Amazonia's hydrological cycle and the role of atmospheric recycling in assessing deforestation effects. Monthly Weather Review, 107, 227-237.

Lettenmaier, D.P. and D.P. Sheer, 1991: Climate sensitivity of California water resources. Water Resources Planning and Management, 117, 1, 108-125.

Li, Z., and L. Garand, 1994: Estimation of surface albedo from space: A parameterization for global application. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 8335-8350.

Li, Z. and L. Moreau, 1996: A new approach for remote sensing of canopy-absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. Part 1: Total surface absorption. Remote Sensing of Environment, 55, 3, 175-191.

Li, Z., L. Moreau, A. Arking, 1997: On solar energy disposition. A perspective from observation and modelling. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 53-70.

Lieth, H. and R.H. Whittaker, 1975: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

L'Vovich, M.I., 1979: World Water Resources and Their Future. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.

MacAyeal, D.R., 1992: Irregular oscillations of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nature, 359, 29-32.

Manabe, S. and A.J. Broccoli, 1985: The influence of continental ice sheets on the climate of an ice age. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 2167.

McClung, D.M. and R.L. Armstrong, 1993: Temperate glacier response time from field data. Glaciology, 39, 323-326.

McLaren, A.S., J.E. Walsh, R.H. Bourke, R.L. Weaver and W. Wittman, 1992: Variability of sea-ice thickness over the North Pole from 1979-1990. Nature, 358, 224-226.

McLaren, A.S., R.H. Bourke, J.E. Walsh and R.L. Weaver, 1994: Variability in sea-ice thickness over the North Pole from 1958 to 1992. In: Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment. Geophysical Monographs No. 85, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.

Meier, M.F., 1984: Contribution of small glaciers to global sea level rise. Science, 226, 1418-1421.

Melillo, J.M., I.C. Prentice, G.D. Farquhar, E.-D. Schulze and O.E. Sala, 1996: Terrestrial biotic responses to environmental change and feedbacks to climate. In: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change: Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg and K. Maskell (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Milly, P.C.D., 1994: Climate, soil water storage and the average annual water balance. Water Resources Research, 30, 2143-2156.

Mohnl, H., 1991: Fluctuations of snow parameters in the mountainous regions of Austria within the last 90 years. Mitteil. Hydrogr. Dienst., No. 65/66, Vienna, Austria.

Monteith, J.L. and M.H. Unsworth, 1990: Principles of Environmental Physics. Edward Arnold, London, UK.

Moreau, L. and Z. Li, 1996: A new approach for remote sensing of canopy-absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. Part 2: Proportion of canopy absorption. Remote Sensing of Environment, 55, 3, 192-204.

Mote, T.L., M.R. Anderson, K.C. Kuivinen and C.M. Rowe, 1993: Passive microwave-derived spatial and temporal variations of summer melt on the Greenland Ice Sheet. Annals of Glaciology, 17, 233-238.

Myneni, R.B. and D.L. Williams, 1994: On the relationship between FPAR and NDVI. Remote Sensing of Environment, 49, 200-211.

Nace, R. 1971: Scientific Framework of World Water Balance. UNESCO Technical papers in Hydrology, No. 7, Paris, France.

Neilson, R.P., 1995: A model for predicting continental scale vegetation distribution and water balance. Ecological Applications, 5, 362-385.

Nelson, F.E., A.H. Lachenbruch, M.K. Woo, E.A. Koster, T.E. Osterkamp, M. Gavrilova and G.D. Cheng, 1994: Permafrost and changing climate. In: Permafrost, Sixth International Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2, South China University of Technology Press, Wushan, Guangzhou, China.

Newman, W.S. and R. Fairbridge, 1986: The management of sea level rise. Nature, 320, 319-321.

Oerlemans, J., 1994: Quantifying global warming from the retreat of glaciers. Science, 264, 243-245.

Ohmura, A., and H. Gilgen, 1991: Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA). World Climate Program - Water Project A7, Rep.2: The GEBA Database, Interactive Application, Retrieving Data. Zurich, Verlag der Fachvereine, 60 pp.

Ohmura, A. and N. Reeh, 1991: New precipitation and accumulation maps for Greenland. Glaciology, 37, 140-148.

Oliver, H.R., 1983: The availability of evaporation data in space and time for use in water balance computations. In: New Approaches in Water Balance Computations. IAHS Publication, Number 148.

Olson, J. S., J. Watts and L. Allison, 1983: Carbon in Live Vegetation of Major World Ecosystems. W-7405-ENG-26, US. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN.

Overton, W.S., D. White and D.L. Stevens, Jr., 1990: Design Report for EMAP, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Programme. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/3-91/053, Washington, DC.

Parkinson, C.L., J. Comiso, H.J. Zwally, D.J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen and W.J. Campbell, 1987: Arctic Sea Ice, 1973-76. NASA SP-489, NASA, Washington, DC.

Parkinson, C.L. and D.J. Cavalieri, 1989: Arctic sea ice 1973-1987: Seasonal, regional and interannual variability. Geophysical Research, 94 (C10), 14199-14223.

Parkinson, C.L., 1991: Interannual variability of the spatial distribution of sea ice in the north polar region. Geophysical Research, 96 (C3), 4791-4801.

Pinter, P.L., Jr., 1993: Solar angle independence in the relationship between absorbed PAR and remotely-sensed data for alfalfa. Remote Sensing of Environment, 46, 19-25.

Prentice, K.C. and I.Y. Fung, 1990: The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to climate change. Nature, 346, 48-51.

Prentice, I. C. and A. M. Solomon, 1990. Vegetation models and global change. In: Global Changes of the Past, R.S. Bradley (ed.), OIES, UCAR, Boulder, CO, 365-383.

Prentice, I.C., W. Cramer, S.P. Harrison, R. Leemans, R.A. Monserud and A.M Solomon, 1992: A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate. Journal of Bio geography, 19, 117-134.

Prentice, I.C., M.T. Sykes, and W. Cramer, 1993a: A simulation model for the transient effects of climate change on forest landscapes. Ecological Modelling, 65, 51-70.

Prentice, I.C., M.T. Sykes, M. Lautenschlager, S.P. Harrison, O. Denissenko and P.J. Bartlein, 1993b: Modelling global vegetation patterns and terrestrial carbon storage at the last glacial maximum. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 3, 67-76.

Prince, S.D., 1991a: A model of regional primary production for use with coarse-resolution satellite data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 12, 1313-1330.

Prince, S.D., 1991b: Satellite remote sensing of primary production: Comparison of results for Sahelian grasslands 1981-1988. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 12, 1301-1311.

Prince, S.D., C.O. Justice and B. Moore, 1994: Monitoring and Modelling of Terrestrial Net and Gross Production. IGBP DIS/GAIM Report No. 1, Paris, France.

Raich, J.W., E.B. Rastetter, J.M. Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, P.A. Steudler, B.J. Peterson, A.L. Grace, B. Moore and C.J. Vorosmarty, 1991: Potential net primary productivity in South America: Application of a global model. Ecological Applications, 1, 4399-5566.

Rastetter, E.B., M.G. Ryan, G.R. Shaver, J.M. Melillo, K.J. Nadelhoffer, J.E. Hobbie and J.D. Aber, 1991: A general biogeochemical model describing the responses of the C and N cycles in terrestrial ecosystems to changes in CO2, climate and N deposition. Tree Physiology, 9, 101-126.

Revelle, R.R. and P. Waggoner, 1983: Effects of carbon dioxide induced climate change on water supplies in the western United States. In: Climate Change, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

Rhodes, J., S. Chen, A. Guetter and K. Georgakakos, 1994: Large-scale aspects of the United States hydrological cycle. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 17, 1589-1610.

Robinson, D.A., M. Wilson, G. Kukla and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1983: Observations of surface albedo and its variation for climate models. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Ann Arbour, MI.

Robinson, D.A., 1993: Hemispheric snow cover from satellites. Annals of Glaciology, 17, 367-371.

Rohrer, M.B., L.N. Braun and H. Lang, 1994: Long-term records of snow cover water equivalent in the Swiss Alps. Nordic Hydrology, 25, 53-64.

Royer, A., K. Goita, F. Beaudu and J. Cihlar, 1995: Dynamique et productivité, primairie nette de la forêt boréale à partir de 1'indice de vegetation global AVHRR-NOAA. Soumis au Colloque Inter. Photosynthese et detection, 28-31 août 1995, Montpellier, France.

Running, S.W. and R.R. Nemani, 1988: Relating seasonal patterns of the AVHRR vegetation index to simulated photosynthesis and transpiration of forests in different climates. Remote Sensing of Environment, 24, 347-367.

Running, S.W., R.R. Nemani, D.L. Pierce and M.A. Spanner, 1989: Mapping regional forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis by coupling satellite data with ecosystem simulation. Ecology, 70, 1090-1101.

Running, S.W. and R.E. Hunt, Jr., 1995: Generalization of a forest ecosystem process model for other biomes, BIOME-BGC, and an application for global-scale models. In: Scaling Processes between Leaf and Landscape Levels, J.R. Ehleringer and C. Field (eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 141-158.

Runyon, J., R.H. Waring, S.N. Goward and J.M. Welles, 1993: Environmental limits on net primary production and light-use efficiency across the Oregon transect. Ecological Applications, 4, 226-237.

Sahagian, D.L., F.W. Schwartz and D.K. Jacobs, 1994: Direct anthropogenic contributions to sea level rise in the twentieth century. Nature, 367, 54.

Schimel, D., I.G. Enting, M. Heimann, T.M.L. Wigley, D. Raynaud, D. Alves and U. Siegenthaler, 1995: CO2 and the carbon cycle. In: Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios, J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, J. Brace, Hoesung Lee, B.A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris and K. Maskell (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 35-71.

Sedjo R.A. and A.M. Solomon, 1989: Climate and forests. In: Greenhouse Warming: Abatement and Adaptation, N.J. Rosenberg, W.E. Easterling, P.R. Crosson and J. Darmstadter (eds.), Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C.,105-119.

Sellers, P.J., Y. Mintz, Y.C. Sud and A. Dalcher, 1986: A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models. Atmospheric Science, 43, 505-531.

Sellers, P.J., 1989: Vegetation-canopy spectral reflectance and biophysical processes. In: Theory and Applications of Remote Sensing, G. Asrar (ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.

Sellers, P.J., S.O. Los, C.J. Tucker, C.O. Justice, D.A. Dazlich, G.J. Collatz and D.A. Randall, 1994: A global 1° by 1° NDVI data set for climate studies, part 2: The adjustment of the NDVI and generation of global fields of terrestrial biophysical parameters. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 3519-3546.

Sellers, P.J., B.W. Meeson, F.G. Hall, G. Asrar, R.E. Murphy, R.A. Schiffer, F.P. Bretherton, R.E. Dickinson, R.G. Ellingson, C.B. Field, K.H. Huemmrich, C.O. Justice, J.M. Melack, N.T. Roulet, D.S. Schimel and P.D. Try, 1995: Remote sensing of the land surface for studies of global change: Model-algorithm-experiments. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51, 3-26.

Shugart, H.H., 1984: A Theory of Forest Dynamics. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.

Shukla, J., C. Nobre and P. Sellers, 1990: Amazon deforestation and climate change. Science, 247, 1322-1325.

Shuttleworth, W.J., 1993: Evaporation. In: Handbook of Hydrology, D. Maidment (ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Skinner, W.R., 1988: The break-up and freeze-up of lake and sea ice in northern Canada. Canada Centre Climate Report, No. 86-8, Atmospheric Environment Service Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada.

Skinner, W.R., 1993: Lake ice conditions as a cryospheric indicator for detecting climate variability in Canada. In: Snow Watch '92 Glaciology Data Report GD-25, R.G. Barry, B.E. Goodison and E.F. LeDrew (eds.), WDC-A for Glaciology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO.

Slack, J.R. and J.M. Landwehr, 1992: Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN): A U.S. geological survey streamflow data set for the United States for the study of climate variations 1874-1988, Open-File Report 92-129. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

Smith, T.M., R. Leemans and H.H. Shugart, 1992: Sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to CO2 induced climate change: Comparison of four scenarios based on general circulation models. Climatic Change, 21, 367-384.

Smith, T.M. and H.H. Shugart, 1993: The transient response of terrestrial carbon storage to a perturbed climate. Nature, 361, 523-526.

Solomon, A.M. 1986: Transient response of forests to CO2 induced climate change: Simulation modelling experiments in eastern North America. Oceonologica, 68, 567-579.

Solomon, A.M. and P.J. Bartlein, 1992: Past and future climate change: Response by mixed deciduous-coniferous forest ecosystems in northern Michigan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22, 1727-1738.

Solomon A.M., I.C. Prentice, R. Leemans and W.P. Cramer, 1993: The interaction of climate and land use in future terrestrial carbon storage and release. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 70, 595.

Solomon, A.M., N.H. Ravindranath, R.B. Stewart, M. Weber and S. Nilsson, 1996: Wood production under changing climate and land use. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contributions of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 487-510.

Solomon, A.M., 1996: Natural migration rates of trees: Global terrestrial carbon cycle implications. In: Past and future rapid environmental changes: The spatial and evolutionary responses of terrestrial biota, E. Huntley, W.P. Cramer, A.V. Morgan, H.C. Prentice and J.R.M. Alien (eds.), Springer-Verlag, NY, 455-468.

Sonka, S.T., S. Changnon and S. Hofing, 1992: How agribusiness uses climate predictions: Implications for climate research and provision of predictions. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 73, 1999-2008.

Staylor, W.F. and A.C. Wilber, 1990: Global surface albedos estimated from ERBE data. Proc. 7th AMS Conf. Atmos. Rad., July 23-27, 1990, San Francisco, CA, 231-236.

Tans, P.P., I.Y. Fung and T. Takahashi, 1990: Observational constraints on the global CO2 budgets. Science, 247, 1431-1438.

Thomas, H.E., 1959: Reservoirs to match our climatic fluctuations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 40, 5, 240-249.

Thornwaite, C.W., 1948: An approach towards a rational classification of climate. Geographic Review, 38, 55-89.

Tucker, C.J., J.R. Townshend and T.E. Goff, 1985: African land cover classification using satellite data. Science, 227, 369-374.

Van Cleve, K., L.A. Oliver, R. Schlentner, L.A. Viereck and C.T. Dyrness, 1983: Productivity and nutrient cycling in taiga forest ecosystems. Canadian Forest Research, 13, 703-720.

Van der Veen, C.J., 1991: State of balance of the cryosphere. Reviews of Geophysics, 29, 433-455.

Van der Waal, R.S.W. and J. Oerlemans, 1994: An energy balance model for the Greenland Ice Sheet. Global Planetary Change,9, 115-131.

VEMAP Members, 1995: Vegetation/ecosystem modelling and analysis project: Comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change and CO2 doubling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9, 4, 407-437.

Wadhams, P., 1995: Sea ice morphology. In: The Physics of Ice-covered Seas. NATO Advanced Study Institute, Savonlinna, Finland.

Wahr, J., H. DaZhong and A. Turpin, 1995: Predictions of vertical uplift caused by changing polar ice volumes on a viscoelastic Earth. Geophysics Research Letters, 22, 977-980.

Walsh, J.E. and C.M. Johnson, 1979: An analysis of Arctic sea ice fluctuations. Physical Oceanography, 9, 580-591.

Walsh, J.E. and R.G. Barry, 1990: Cryospheric data for studies of global change. In: Symposium on Global Change Systems. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.

Waring, R. and Schlesinger, 1984: Forest Ecosystems: Concepts and Management. Elsevier, N.Y.

Watson, R.T., et al., 1996: Technical summary: Impacts, adaptations, and mitigation options. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contributions of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken (eds.), Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK, 19-53.

Wilson, M.F. and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1985: A global archive of land cover and soil data for use in general circulation climate models, Journal of Climatology, 5, 2, 119-143.

WMO, 1988: Technical Regulations Volume III -Hydrology. WMO, No. 49, Geneva, Switzerland.

World Meteorological Organization, 1990: Global Precipitation Climatology Project. Implementation and Data Management Plan. WMO, No. 367, Geneva, Switzerland.

Wolock, D.M., D.J. McCabe, G.D. Tasker and M.E. Moss, 1993: Effects of climate change on water resources in Delaware River Basin. Water Resources Bulletin, 29, 475-486.

Woodward, F.I., 1987: Climate and Plant Distribution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Woodward, F.I., T.M. Smith and W.R. Emanuel, 1996: A global land primary productivity and phytogeography model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9, 471-490.

Zwally, H.J., 1989: Growth of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Interpretation. Science, 246, 1589-1591.


Previous Page Top of Page Next Page