7. Annex

References are listed in Annex 9.

Annex 1. Identification and Authorization of Silkworm New Variety in China

There are 76 new hybrids applied for national identification for silkworm new varieties from 1980 to 2000, they are listed in Table 1

Table 1. Silkworm hybrids applied for National Identification from 1980-2000

Among the 76 hybrids applied for identification, 44 hybrids were passed and approved to be popularized for commercial cocoon production. Their average performance of important economic characters in the test rearing in different laboratories and farmers' condition are listed in table 2.

Table 2. Average performance of approved silkworm new varieties during 1980-2000

Annex 2. Methodology of silkworm germplasm maintenance and research adopted by National Sericulture Institute of China Agriculture Science Academy

Annex 4 List of silkworm gene mutations maintained in South-West Agricultural University (2000)

Annex 5. Description system used in "Record of Silkworm Varieties in China". Edited by Sericulture Research Institute of China Agricultural Science Academy, 1987, Agricultural Publication Press.

1. Race: Chinese, Japanese, European and Tropical.

2. Voltinism: Monovoltine, Biviltine, Diapaused multivoltine and nondiapaused multivoltine.

3. Moltinism: Trimolter, Tetramolter and pentamolter

4. Egg serosa color: the intrinsic color. Grass-green, grayish-purple, grayish-green, gray, red, white, brown, light yellow, Black-white sex-limited.

5. Egg chorion color: the shell color after hatched. Yellow, light yellow, milk white, white.

6. Good egg percentage: good egg number divided by total laid egg number (excluding unfertilized eggs) per moth and multiple by 100,

7. Percentage of unfertilized eggs: unfertilized egg number divided by total laid egg number per moth, then multiple by 100, randomly select 10 layings for investigation and take the average, keep one decimal.

8. Practical hatching rate: hatched egg number in two days divided by total egg number (excluding unfertilized eggs), then multiple by 100, randomly select 10 layings for investigation and take the average, keep one decimal.

9. One day hatching rate: hatched egg number in one day divided by total egg number (excluding unfertilized eggs), then multiple by 100, randomly select 10 layings for investigation and take the average, keep one decimal.

10. Gumming force of egg: gummed eggs or non-glue eggs.

11. Color of newly hatched larvae: black, deep brown, chocolate and light yellow.

12. Occurrence of small larvae: many (over 10%), media (around 5%), and few (1-2%) and none.

13. Habit of molting: uniform (late molting or late exuviated larvae are less than 2%), relatively uniform (around 5%), not uniform(over 10%). Investigation was carried out by 12 hour after last feeding for mono- and bivoltinine varieties, and 6 hours for multivoltine varieties.

14. Young larvae habit: phototaxis, tendency to density, photophobism, escaping habit of newly hatched larvae.

15. Eating habit: choosy, non-choosy, treading on leaves, or non-treading on leaves.

16. Eating speed: fast, media, slow.

17. Behavior: active, non-active.

18. body color of grown larvae: clean white, reddish green, translucent, yellow, light yellowish at the end, light purple at the end, light reddish at the end.

19. Mark: plain, normal marking, moricaud marking, striped marking, quail marking, Zebra marking, multilunar, multi-semilunar, sex-limited normal marking, sex-limited zebra, sex-limited multilunar.

20. Body shape: thick and strong, media, slim,..

21. Mature habit: uniform or non-uniform, cocooning more in the up layer or bottom layer.

22. Cocoon shape: long elliptic, short elliptic, elliptic with slightly narrow waist, peanut shape with deep narrow waist, peanut shape with light narrow waist, ball shape, cylinder shape, spindle, olive shape, pointed end, flossy, thin end, thin waist, abnormal.

23. Cocoon color: white, yellow, golden yellow, yellowish green, fresh green, light green, flesh color, pink, orange, orange yellow, rice color, silver white.

24. Wrinkle: Coarse, media, fine.

25. Cocoon floss: rich, media, little.

26. Blackish wing of pupa: have or none.

27. Moth eye color: white, black, red.

28. Moth body color: milky white, white, gray, black.

29. Mark on the moth wing: yes, none.

30. Moth habit: active, non-active; eclosion early or late; male or female moth eclosion earlier; more or less in urine amount of moth.

31. Mating habit: good, media, bad.

32. Egg laying habit: fast or slow.

33. Moth life: long(moth dies after 6^th day from egg laying starts), short(moth dies before 6^th day from egg laying starts).

34. Laid egg number per moth: randomly investigate 10 layings, take the average, keep integer.

35. Cocoon weight: randomly select 25 female and 25 male cocoon and get the weight, take the average, keep two decimal.

36. Cocoon shell weight: randomly select 25 female and 25 male cocoon, get the shell weight, take the average, keep three decimal.

37. Cocoon shell ratio: percentage of shell weight to cocoon weight, keep two decimal.

38. Filament length: total filament length divided by tested cocoon number, keep integer.

39. Reelability: percentage of tested cocoon number to the total number of tested cocoon and dropped cocoon, keep two decimal.

40. Neatness: keep one decimal..

41. Filament size: total weight of tested filament multiple by 400, then divided by total length multiple by 0.05(g), keep two decimal.

42. Degumming rate: (dry weight before degumming-dry weight after degumming)/dry weight before degumming × 100%, keep two decimal.

43. Incubation duration: From C2 embryo stage to hatching.

44. Fifth instar duration: First feeding of fifth instar to peak mounting.

45. Larval duration: Ant collection to peak mounting.

46. P peak mounting to peak emergence.

47. Survival rate of larvae and pupae: (cocooning number - dead worm cocoon number)/brushed larval number × 100%, keep two decimal.

48. Survival rate of larvae and pupae after fourth instar: (cocooning number - dead worm cocoon number)/newly exuviated larval number in forth instar × 100%, keep two decimal.

49. Rate of dead worm cocoon: percentage of dead worm cocoon to total invested cocoon, keep two decimal.

50. Adaptability to artificial diet: excellent (artificial diet eating percentage 90.01-100%), good(70.01-90%), media(40.1-70%), bad (0-40%).

51. Resistant ability to diseases: highly resistant, non-reistant, or LD₅₀ value.

52. Isoenzyme of esterase of hemolympe: A₁, A₂, A₁A₂, A₀.

Annex 6. Photos of silkworm mutations after silkworm were boarded on the recoverable satellite of Russia for 12 days flight in December of 1992.

Explanation of the pictures: crayfish pupa, extra crescents and trimolter.

Annex 7 Improvement in major economic characteristic of commercial silkworm varieties in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province of China (Performance of hybrid in farmer's condition)

Annex 8. Molecular linkage of silkworm (Bombyx mori) as derived from the cross Dazao × C₁₀₈. Number at the top indicate linkage groups. Loci are listed on the right and distances on the left.

Annex 9 Reference

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20. Zhao Q.-L., Ye X.-Y., Xia D.-G. (1997) discovery of Jc translucence gene in silkworm and its linkage analysis. Acta Sericologica Sinica, 32(4):211-214.

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47. He Y., Sima Y.-H., Zheng B.-P. (2002) Breeding of A new silkworm variety Wuhua × Xuxing for summer and autumn rearing. Acta Sericologica Sinica, 28(1):56-60.

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54. Dai F.-Y., Lu C., Xiang Z.-H. (2001) Preliminary research of the gentics of Sichuan wild wing spot - A mutant in silkworm. Acta Sericologica Sinica, 27(1):66-67.

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