DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF LAKE VICTORIA FISHERIES: DELIBERATIONS OF THE CIFA MEETING, MWANZA, TANZANIA, SEPTEMBER 1989

1. INTRODUCTION

Drs. F.L. Orach-Meza and J.E. Reynolds of the FISHIN Project team travelled to Mwanza, Tanzania in order to attend the Fifth Session of the Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa, Sub-Committee on the Development and Management of the Fisheries of Lake Victoria. They were accompanied on the mission by Mr. A.W. Kudhongania, Director of the Uganda Freshwater Fisheries Research Organisation (UFFRO), Jinja. The session took place over a three day period between 12 – 14 September 1989. This report briefly traces the course of the CIFA deliberations and the observations made by various participants on new developments in the shared fisheries of Lake Victoria. Annexes 1 – 4 respectively provide details of the trip itinerary, the meeting agenda, a list of principal persons met, and a list of participants in the Ad Hoc Fisheries Statistics Working Group convened during the session.

2. NATIONAL REPORTS

2.1 Uganda.

The country paper (Kanyike 1989) for Uganda stressed that Lake Victoria waters are becoming an ever more important contributor to the national fisheries. The Lake is currently (1988 figures) accounting for almost half of the total annual national catch. The role of the introduced Nile perch has become paramount, with the fish now representing about 86% of the total annual tonnage harvested from the Lake.

Nile perch are figuring so heavily in the catches at present because fishing operators are actively seeking them out through the use of extra large mesh gill nets of the 6 to 12 inch range. The disappearance of species like Bagrus docmac from the catches may be due to the transfer of effort to Nile perch gear and fishing techniques, rather than any absolute decline in the stocks of these species. Another advantage with the perch is that their fishing grounds often lie close to home ports, whereas those for a fish like Bagrus are often at some considerable distance and require lengthy transit times.

Because of the changing fishing strategies, catch composition does not provide a ready indication of the present status of fish stocks in the lake. A full stock assessment exercise such as the EEC-funded effort now being organised is urgently required. In some cases, it may be necessary to consider programmes of stock enhancement for species that have become rare in the commercial catches, such as Labeo victorianus, Alestes jacksonii, Alestes sadleri and Schilbe mystus.

There are signs that the small pelagic Rastrineobola argentea, which was previously very much an underutilised species in Uganda waters, is increasingly being fished using light attraction methods at night. The catches are being used in the manufacture of animal feeds and to some extent for human consumption. The harvesting of other underutilised aquatic fauna such as crabs, bivalves, gastropods, and lake flies remains to be developed.

Finally, the Uganda report pointed out the necessity of updating the present navigation chart of the Lake, and of reactivating the old system of navigational lighting along the lakeshore.

In discussion after the presentation of the Uganda national report, it was remarked that there were plans in train to lift the current ban on night fishing. It is anticipated that this move will further encourage fishing for Rastrineobola.

2.2 Kenya.

The Kenya presentation (Ogari and Asila 1989) began by detailing the history of and recent developments in aquatic research in that country's sector of Lake Victoria. Since the dissolution of the East African Community and the old East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization, aquatic research in Kenya waters has been the responsibility of the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI). KMFRI studies have in recent years concentrated on various parameters of stock assessment through trawl surveys, and on catch-effort assessment through the monitoring of numerous landing beaches.

Researchers at KMFRI have been closely monitoring the situation with regard to the rapid expansion of the Lates niloticus fishery since the early 1980s, and the decline in certain other fish stocks. Studies of the ecology of Lates, Rastrineobola, Bagrus and Synodontis have all been mounted. Other areas of research include limnological and environmental studies in Nyanza Gulf. Some work on cage culture for fingerling production has also been conducted.

In terms of the post-harvest sector, KMFRI work has concentrated on improved utilisation of Nile perch, reduction in post-harvest losses, and fish marketing.

The Kenya report noted that the current situation in the fisheries of Lake Victoria shows a continuing dominance in the commercial catches of O. niloticus, R. argentea, and L. niloticus. Interestingly, however, evidence has been gathered showing that there has been some increase in species which had disappeared from the catches during the first half of the 1980s. This evidence comes from trawl surveys as well as landing beach data. Recoveries in the shallow open waters have been noted for species including Bagrus docmac, Protopterus aethiopicus, Schilbe mystus, Mormyrus karumme, and some of the haplochromines. It is thought likely that the switch to larger mesh gillnets by fishers seeking Nile perch has reduced the pressure on these other species, allowing for their recovery. It is also reckoned that the increased pressure on Lates has reduced their predation of some of the other species.

Catch returns from selected landings along the Kenya shoreline of the Lake indicate some tapering off of Lates catches. If this is in fact the case, it could be attributed to the migration of Nile perch from deeper to shallower waters and/or the increased use of smaller mesh nets by fishers seeking other species as they begin to reappear. It would be premature at this time to conclude that the Lates population is undergoing an absolute decline. The concern is raised however that a wholesale reduction in catches would ensue in the event that fishing pressure on presently recovering species substantially increases, whilst at the same time Nile perch shift from their primary present prey of the shrimp Caradina nilotica to feed more heavily on those same species.

Future research priorities are being placed on the ecology of the benthic community and particularly of Caradina nilotica as part of the Nile perch food web. Further environmental research on effluent discharges into the Lake and its feeder rivers is also to receive priority attention.

In a separate comment, the Kenya delegation reported the isolated appearance of black bass, Micropterus salmonides, around the mouth of the Sondhu River. The fish has apparently been washed down during periods of flood from dams higher up in the river basin, where it had earlier been introduced. Monitoring of the situation is to continue.

2.3 Tanzania.

Following a brief historical review, the Tanzania national report (Bwathondi 1989) described recent trends in the fishery of Lake Victoria. The past decade has seen dramatic changes in species composition of catches for the Tanzanian sector, with the dramatic upsurge in Nile perch from a mere trace level in the early 1980s to a predominant one (some 61%) by 1987. In 1987, a considerable drop of over 9% in total catch tonnage from the Lake was registered from the 1986 level. This reflects a fall in the catches of Nile perch as well as some other fishes, notably Haplochromis and Bagrus.

Fluctuations in the catch levels for Nile perch may be related to the type and incidence of gear use. Increased use of 7–8 inch mesh size gillnets is correlated with increased catches. When the use of such gear falls off, such as might occur if these inputs become difficult to obtain, there is a corresponding falling off in catch levels.

The drastic decline in haplochromines which has been recorded from the early 1980s has been attributed to heavy predation by Lates. However, there are indications that the early predictions of total eradication of Haplochromis spp. stocks by Nile perch are not being borne out. There are reports from some areas that catches of haplochromines are actually increasing.

In another development, the fishery for the small pelagic Rastrineobola argentea has shown very marked growth of late, probably owing to an absolute increase in the numbers of these fish in the Lake (related to the decrease in competing species stocks, especially amongst the haplochromines) as well as increased focus of effort by fishing operators.

For tilapia catches, overall decrease in catch levels in recent years has not been uniform. The exotic Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is increasingly prevalent in the catches. Indications are that this fish is able to resist or avoid predation from the perch quite successfully. In any event, its fishery seems to hold continued good prospects.

Serious post-harvest loss levels of as high as 50% have been observed along some stretches of the Lake Victoria shoreline during periods of rainy weather and glut catches. The losses are due to delayed landing of catches from the Lake as well as overlong storage by traders.

Research priorities identified in the Tanzanian report included the following: comprehensive stock assessment of Lake Victoria to update the picture in light of the Nile perch succession; further studies of the biology and fishery of Nile perch, Rastrineobola argentea, and Oreochromis niloticus; investigation of ways to reduce post-harvest losses; and work towards the harmonisation of management practices within the three riparian states with interests in the exploitation of the Lake fisheries.

3. HEST/TAFIRI/FAO/DANIDA SEMINAR ON FISH STOCKS AND FISHERIES³

This seminar took place from 9 January to 24 February 1989 at the TAFIRI Mwanza Centre, as a follow-up to the recommendation made by the Fourth Session of the CIFA Sub-Committee for Lake Victoria that a regional meeting on fish stocks and fisheries be convened. The seminar brought together fisheries biologists from each of the riparian states -- a total of 15 participants in all. Representatives of the fisheries research organisations in each of the states attended at the close of the seminar when final recommendations were drawn up. Members of the FISHIN Project UGA/87/007 team (E.J. Coenen and F.L. Orach-Meza) participated in the sessions on catch statistics and fisheries management.

The broad objectives of the seminar were noted as follows:

• regional information exchange on fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria, covering the topics of limnology, taxonomy, ecology, synecology, biology, and management;

• instruction on methods of fish stock assessment, and the use of personal computers in research and management; and

• application of lessons and consultations within the ecological and management contexts of Lake Victoria.

These objectives were substantially achieved. Outputs included a handbook of geographical, taxonomical, limnological, ecological, synecological, biological, and fisheries information on Lake Victoria prepared for the seminar by members of the HEST team. A current bibliography on the Lake and Nile perch was also prepared by HEST. Participants presented case studies on Lake Victoria limnology, major taxonomical problems were inventoried, and issues of ecology, particularly with reference to Nile perch and Rastrineobola, were discussed. For the session on synecology, foodweb diagrams were constructed to illustrate the pre- and post-Nile perch situation in the Lake.

With regard to stock assessment, a resource map was prepared with participants pooling their knowledge on the spatial pattern and location of fishing grounds, gear, landing sites, transport routes, fish processing sites, boatbuilding centres, markets, and gear manufacturing locations. Much attention was paid to the collection of catch/effort statistics, and it was observed that a great deal remains to be done in terms of standardising collection of data and definitions of effort. The use of length-frequency analysis methods was covered, and it was established that Lates had a much faster growth in Lake Victoria than elsewhere.

In terms of fisheries management, participants inventoried existing regulations on gear, minimum fish size, and effort and proposed several new measures. It was agreed that management with respect to Nile perch and Rastrineobola especially was still to be elaborated, and that fisheries management for the Lake generally was beset with a good deal of uncertainty as regards year-to-year differences in catch returns and establishment of a maximum sustainable yield.

Seminar participants formed the major conclusion that technical and funding constraints were seriously impeding progress in fisheries research for the Lake, and that priority attention should be given to the regional organisation and training of Lake Victoria fisheries biologists.

³ The description of the seminar presented here is drawn from AUW and HEST (1989).

4. PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Two country-based and one regional project are currently conducting activities which relate to the Lake Victoria fisheries, and reports were submitted to the Sub-Committee about their work.

4.1 Strengthening of the Fisheries Statistical Unit (URT/87/016), Tanzania.

This project is being implemented within the Fisheries Division of the Ministry of Lands, Natural Resouces and Tourism. Its main objective is to upgrade through personnel training and survey work the fisheries statistics information system, in order to create a reliable base for development and management planning.

4.2 Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems (UGA/87/007), Uganda.

The FISHIN Project team members briefed the session on the aims of their work within the Uganda Fisheries Department, namely:

• To strengthen the capability of the statistics unit in information management and the formulation of policy suggestions and plans for the rational exploitation of fisheries resources in the country through:

  • rehabilitation and improvement of the fisheries monitoring system, especially with regard to the systematic collection, processing, and analysis of catch/effort and price data at the beach level and fish supply and price data at the market level;

  • creation of a complementary information base needed for planning and programme implementation, with emphasis on socio-economic aspects of the industry of Lake Victoria, and on trade and marketing at the national level;

  • upgrading of skills in statistics, socio-economics, development and management planning, survey design and implementation, and data processing.

• Formulation of specific fisheries development and management plans for the Uganda sector of Lake Victoria.

4.3 FAO/UNDP Regional Project RAF/87/099.

The Project for Inland Fisheries Planning, Development, and Management in Eastern/Central/Southern Africa (IFIP), based in Bujumbura, Burundi, has four main objectives:

• establishment of effective sub-regional mechanisms for technical and economic collaboration between participating countries for the management and development of shared fisheries resources;

• provision of advisory services in development planning;

• improvement of technical capabilities through training in management and development planning; and

• establishment of a regional information base.

With reference to Lake Victoria, immediate IFIP plans are to organise two regional seminars during 1990, one on socio-economic aspects of the fisheries of the Lake, and the other to address management issues.

5. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES FOR PLANNING IN SUPPORT OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

Two background documents on socio-economic issues with regard to Lake Victoria fisheries were presented for consideration and deliberation by delegates to the session. The need to pay more heed to such issues was emphasised in the previous Sub-Committee session held in 1987, and a CIFA Technical Paper (Reynolds and Greboval 1988) was produced as a follow-up to that session. A further and derivative follow-up (Greboval 1989) deals more specifically with questions of management planning.

It was stressed that the socio-economic benefits or values which comprise the “stakes” of the Lake Victoria fisheries are very considerable indeed. It is roughly estimated that the new Nile perch fishery has resulted in a net increase of US$ 1.25 billion in the value of the catch over the old fisheries regime. This huge gain at present potentially represents either a windfall for those involved in the fisheries of the Lake, or a foundation for continuing realisation of benefits at a higher level than could have been possible under the pre-Nile perch regime. The pivotal factors in this either/or situation are sustainability and management of the resource base.

Using the evolution of the Lake Kyoga fisheries as a model, Reynolds and Greboval (1988) adopted a conservative lakewide MSY figure for Lake Victoria of 200,000 to 300,000 tonnes per annum. It can be expected that the Nile perch catch will begin to fall off somewhat over the next few years, and that gillnet fishing operators will as a result increasingly resort to the use of mesh sizes smaller than the 7–9 inch range which now seems to be modal. Left unchecked, this development would eventually put pressure on stocks of Nile perch and tilapia (O. niloticus) simultaneously. Tendencies toward overexploitation in both fisheries would probably not be tempered in the short run by significant transfer of effort into the R. argentea fishery. At the same time, it is likely that they would be reinforced by progressively higher market prices attendant upon supply scarcities. The process of rent dissipation might take place over the course of several years, but the net result for the fisheries would probably be some stabilisation of production at the much lower levels of two or three decades ago. This state of affairs could possibly be avoided through the application of proper management measures now.

Present management-related regulations for the control of effort in the Lake are very limited in scope and in practical terms not effective because they are largely unenforced. Such regulations as do exist relate to gear use and some other qualitative components of effort rather than its absolute magnitude. Furthermore, they are not uniform across all territorial sectors of the Lake. Some restrictions exist on minimum fish sizes in Uganda waters, and on minimum mesh sizes in certain fisheries in Kenya and Tanzania waters; there are prohibitions on certain methods (beach seines and night fishing) in Uganda, and on periods (closed seasons in Kenya) and places (closed areas in Kenya and Tanzania) within the other states.

Effective fisheries management measures for Lake Victoria will be those which relate both to the qualitative and the quantitative aspects of effort, and which at the same time rate high for acceptability and enforceability. Much depends here on the commitment and dedication of the three governments involved, and the climate of relative profitability and prosperity that prevails in the fisheries, along with the way in which any new regulations or the enforcement of old regulations might be effected in consultation with fisherfolk communities.

An approach is required which would simultaneously control the overall magnitude of effort, the profitability of fishing activity, and the size of mesh sizes in the gillnet fishery. This is believed to be the only way to avoid the situation that existed in many places around the Lake under the old (pre-Nile perch) fisheries regime, i.e. overexploitation associated with the use of progressively smaller mesh sizes within a socio-political climate that rendered management regulations unenforceable.

It is suggested that immediate consideration be given by the fisheries authorities of the three riparian states to a set of complementary regulations to limit both the quantititive and qualitative aspects of effort directly and indirectly. First of all, uniform mesh size regulations for the Nile perch and tilapia fisheries should be put in place, taking into account those sizes in most common use at present (minimum 6 inches for Nile perch and 4 inches for tilapia) so that the fisheries departments will not be put into an untenable position of having to enforce drastic retooling in the industry.

Secondly, the licensing system within each country sector should be strengthened and upgraded so that every fishing unit/boat within the major target fisheries is registered in a standard way and officially marked, to be backed up with documentary proof carried by the operator. Licensing for entry into only one target gillnet fishery would make it easier to monitor and enforce compliance with mesh size regulations.

Thirdly, the outright banning of beach seining gear as now applies in Uganda should be investigated as a measure for Kenya and Tanzania as well. any gear prohibition must be implemented with an allowance for fishing operators to depreciate existing gear and with some incentive for them to switch over.

In the short and medium term, other measures complementary to those just noted may be put into place to provide economic incentives and disincentives to influence fishing effort allocation. For instance, new entry into the gillnet fishery can be limited by doing away with subsidy schemes for imported nets or cheap credit programmes for net purchase; incentives can be provided through various avenues (lower taxation, special credit, etc.) for fishing operators to transfer their efforts from gillnetting to other forms of fishing like longlining or open water pelagic fishing; and taxation and fee levies could be revised upwards from their presently rather low levels, providing this is done gradually and in a way that distributes the burden across both the harvesting and marketing sectors.

With reference to industrial-type operations within the Lake Victoria fisheries, it has been shown that trawling does not really make economic sense in present circumstances and directly compromises the interests of small-scale canoe-based fishing units. A ban should be imposed on any further development of the trawler fleet in Lake Victoria. The establishment of more industrial processing capacity must also be viewed very cautiously. In Kenya there is already over-investment in processing plants and a situation may be arising wherein increasing proportions of the catch are diverted to supply them, to the detriment of local processors, traders, and consumers. In the other countries there may be some scope for limited development of small-scale industrial plants, but careful consideration is called for.

Finally, it is suggested that prompt action be taken in a concerted fashion by the three riparian states on adopting a comprehensive plan for the management of the fisheries of Lake Victoria. Although there are gaps in the information base and more intensive studies are needed before a fully detailed scheme can be devised, enough is known of the broad characteristics of the existing fisheries system and its probable response to management measures to begin work on an interim plan. Whilst due attention must be given to the role of enforcement in fisheries regulations and the need to upgrade and strengthen existing capabilities it must also be borne in mind that the most effective type of community policing is that in which people police themselves. In other words, local fisherfolk must become fully involved in the establishment, elaboration, and implementation of regulations and not simply and shortsightedly be treated as passive and compliant by-standers in the management regime.

6. REPORT OF THE AD-HOC FISHERIES STATISTICS WORKING GROUP

A Fisheries Statistics Working Group was formed during the CIFA session in order to consider issues related to the collection and analysis of data within the fisheries of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania generally. A list of those who participated in the group is provided in Annex 4.

It was agreed that group members should keep in touch on developments in the collection and analysis of statistics. Individuals were designated to serve as information conduits within each country. It was further agreed that the following definitions be taken as standard:

Inventory: Compilation of information on an existing fishery, including types of boats and gear, number of operators, and on-shore facilities and services.

Census: The complete enumeration of a survey item.

Sampling frame: A list of all possible sampling units within a population (the total population to be sampled, e.g. a list of all landing sites within a given region or fishery).

Sampling unit: The basic item or unit of enumeration, e.g. a landing site, fishing canoe with crew and gear, etc.

Frame survey: A survey to establish the sampling frame.

The working group also agreed that members should exchange lists of fisheries statistics texts, working guides, and questionnaires being used in the conduct of project work.

7. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: PRIORITIES FOR RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT⁴

Following presentation and consideration of the technical agenda items reviewed above, the last task of the Sub-Committee meeting was to establish priorities for research and management in the Lake Victoria fisheries and adopt its final report.

7.1 Biology and Ecology.

The meeting delegates reviewed research priorities put forward in the previous (Fourth) Sub-Committee session report and concluded that action by member countries had been incomplete in various respects, mostly owing to lack of funding. It was felt that some re-ordering of priorities was appropriate and that a few new topics ought to be added to the list to take into account points brought out in the national and technical reports just presented.

In connection with general ecology, it was observed that the transformations in the fisheries regime of the Lake over the last decade can never be fully appreciated due to lack of baseline data, although some documentation is possible. It was recognised that there is now a pressing need for baseline limnological and ecological data against which the effects of deteriorating water quality due to agricultural and industrial activities in and around the lake basin can be assessed.

With regard to general biology, it was noted that basic research should be continued on the three main food species of the Lake, viz. Lates niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Rastrineobola argentea. Particular priority should be placed on the latter species as it is the least well known. The freshwater shrimp species Caridina niloticus was also singled out for further attention. For the conduct of biological studies, the Sub-Committee endorsed the scheme devised by participants at the HEST/TAFIRI/FAO/DANIDA Seminar on Fish Stocks and Fisheries.

In terms of stock assessment, the Sub-Committee reaffirmed the need for a comprehensive exercise covering all sectors of the Lake. It was resolved that this should be a priority project under the upcoming EEC fund allocation for fisheries research in the region.

7.2 Socio-Economic Issues.

As a general observation it can be said that the socio-economic information base for the Lake Victoria fisheries is very thin, which means that there is much room for misunderstanding and disagreement to arise in the consideration of management and development issues. The urgent need remains to build institutional capabilities for the conduct of socio-economic studies. This would allow for the inclusion on a routine basis of socio-economic components in policy formulation and planning activities.

It was suggested that socio-economic research priorities be ordered into four categories, noted as follows.

Characterisation of fishing units. There is a continuing need to understand through field investigations the major types of fishing units together with their basic linkages to the processing and marketing sectors. Patterns of investment, finance, and the distribution of benefits, amongst other things, are relevant topics of study.

Marketing activities. It was acknowledged that much more information should be gathered on marketing, particularly with regard to Nile perch and the rapidly developing Rastrineobola fishery. Questions of moment include major flows of product and profits, price structures, and patterns of distribution and consumption.

Management issues. Bio-economic assessments need to be mounted to determine the appropriateness of existing fisheries regulations of the riparian states, and of possible new measures in light of the dramatic changes in the fisheries regime of the Lake. For example, restriction and/or prohibition measures concerning gear need to be considered in terms of what is optimal from both an economic and biological point of view. Also in relation to management and enforcement strategies, the importance of accomodating the views of local fisherfolk was stressed. Fisher communities must be fully involved in both the formulation and implementation of plans. The point was emphasised that the only good management plan is the one that is enforceable, and that enforceability depends very heavily on local acceptance of plan elements.

Development issues. It was suggested that priority be given to technical-economic assessment of the post-harvest sector to better determine the extent of product losses and the feasibility, in technological and cost-benefit terms, of means to prevent them. Another field for urgent technical-economic attention is the Rastrineobola fishery, since it seems to be flourishing strongly in recent years. Both the production and post-harvest aspects of this fishery need to be examined.

Further discussion on socio-economic issues amongst members of the Sub-Committee resulted in several additional points being added to the research agenda. The importance was stressed of documenting the relative distribution of benefits between operators in different sectors of the fisheries (small- and large-scale fisherfolk, processors, traders, etc.). Time and energy allocations and the division of labour amongst men, women, and children were identified as important research topics, along with the recruitment of young operators into the industry versus their loss due to the appeal of more lucrative and prestigious employment elsewhere.

The point was also emphasised that it is very difficult to collect reliable data on fisherfolk communities unless the researcher develops good rapport with residents and a thorough awareness of local conditions. In this respect the importance of collaboration with national researchers was highlighted.

Finally, it was suggested that fisheries education and training were weakly developed areas in need of special attention. The level of fishing effort is determined to a large extent by socio-economic factors operating at the local level. Since fisheries field staff interact extensively with local people, every effort should be made to help them to effectively disseminate knowledge of changing conditions and sound management practices through in-service training and specialised courses.

7.3 Statistics.

Some progress has been realised on the recommendation regarding a regular statistical programme for the Lake, in that the two FAO country projects now underway (UGA/87/007 for Uganda and URT/87/016 for Tanzania) plan to collaborate on the harmonisation of statistics collection for the Lake. The Sub-Committee was of the view that periodic lake-wide frame surveys were still necessary to supplement the national systems, and that more effort was needed on the standardisation of the systems. It was pointed out that the final phase of the HEST project will include work on a species identification handbook along with the preparation of a proposal for standardised formats of data collection. Also, IFIP (RAF/87/007) is planning to organise a regional workshop on statistics collection for the lake in conjunction with the two national projects.

7.4 Institutional Framework.

It was reaffirmed that the old Lake Victoria Fisheries Commission should become active once again as a central coordination agency for the development and management of the Lake, as earlier recommended in the report of the Fourth Session of the Sub-Committee. A recommedation was made that IFIP should organise a consultation to draft a term of reference for a future Commission, and that this be forwarded to the Interministerial Committee on Regional Cooperation. In the meantime, it was agreed that the Sub-Committee continue in its role as the principal intergovernmental advisory body on the fisheries of Lake Victoria.

⁴ This section is based on the draft Fifth Session Sub-Committee report, which was prepared for presentation to delegates by Greboval, Reynolds, Ssentongo, and Welcomme of the FAO Secretariat.

8. REFERENCES CITED

AUW (Agriculture University Wageningen) and HEST (Haplochromis Ecology Survey Team), 1989. Report of the HEST/TAFIRI/FAO/ DANIDA Seminar on Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Lake Victoria. Mwanza, Tanzania, 9 Jan. – 24 Feb. 1989. CIFA: DM/LV/89/3. August 1989.

Bwathondi, P.O.J., 1989. The state of Lake Victoria fisheries, Tanzanian sector. National Report presented to the Fifth Session of the CIFA Sub-Committee for the Development and Management of the Fisheries of Lake Victoria. Mwanza, Tanzania, 12–14 Sept. 1989.

Kanyike, E.S., 1989. The Uganda waters of Lake Victoria. National Report presented to the Fifth Session of the CIFA Sub-Committee for the Development and Management of the Fisheries of Lake Victoria. Mwanza, Tanzania, 12–14 Sept. 1989.

Ogari, J., and A. Asila, 1989. The state of Lake Victoria fisheries, Kenya waters. National Report presented to the Fifth Session of the CIFA Sub-Committee for the Development and Management of the Fisheries of Lake Victoria. Mwanza, Tanzania, 12–14 Sept. 1989.

Greboval, D.F., 1989. Socio-economic issues for planning in support of fisheries management. Report prepared for the Fifth Session of the CIFA Sub-Committee for the Development and Management of the Fisheries of Lake Victoria. Mwanza, Tanzania, 12–14 Sept. 1989.

Reynolds, J.E. and D.F. Greboval, 1988. Socio-economic effects of the evolution of the Nile perch fisheries in Lake Victoria: a review. CIFA Tech.Pap. (17) : 148p.

ANNEX 1.
ITINERARY.

ANNEX 2.
AGENDA OF THE CIFA SUB-COMMITTEE FOR LAKE VICTORIA, FIFTH SESSION, MWANZA, TANZANIA, 12–14 SEPT. 1989.

1. Opening of the Session.

2. Election of Chair, Vice-Chair, and Rapporteur

3. Review of the state of stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria (National Reports: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania).

4. Consideration of report and conclusions of the HEST/TAFIRI/FAO/DANIDA regional seminar on fish stocks and fisheries in Lake Victoria.

5. Reports from projects involved with Lake Victoria fisheries.

6. Socio-economic issues for planning in support of fisheries management in Lake Victoria (consideration of the needs for research and planning in socio-economic aspects of the lake fisheries).

7. Discussion and establishment of priorities for research and managment in Lake Victoria fisheries on the basis of the above technical agenda items.

8. Adoption of the Sub-Committee report.

ANNEX 3.
LIST OF PRINCIPAL PERSONS MET.

ANNEX 4.
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE AD HOC FISHERIES STATISTICS WORKING GROUP.

Acere, T.O.
Senior Research Officer
UFFRO
P.O. Box 343
Jinja, Uganda.

Chakraborty, D.*
Team Leader
URT/87/016 Statistics Project
Fisheries Division
P.O. Box 2462
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Dola, T.
Project Coordinator
LBDA
P.O. Box 1881
Kisumu, Kenya.

Karuhanga, P.N.
Research Officer
UFFRO
P.O. Box 343
Jinja, Uganda.

Katunzi, E.
Mwanza Centre Director
TAFIRI
P.O. Box 475
Mwanza, Tanzania.

Kudhongania, A.W.*
Director of Research
UFFRO
P.O. Box 343
Jinja, Uganda.

Kilosa, E.
Regional Fisheries Officer
Mara Region
P.O. Box 299
Musoma, Tanzania.

Ligtvoet, W.
Fisheries Biologist
HEST
P.O. Box 903
Mwanza, Tanzania.

Mkumbo, O.C.*
Research Officer
TAFIRI
P.O. Box 475
Mwanza, Tanzania.

Mous, P.J.
Fisheries Biologist
HEST
P.O. Box 903
Mwanza, Tanzania.

Mwambungu, J.
Research Officer
TAFIRI
P.O. Shirati
Tarime - Musoma, Tanzania.

Ogari, J.J.*
Senior Research Officer
KMFRI
P.O. Box 1881
Kisumu, Kenya.

Reynolds, J.E. (Group Chair)*
Socio-Economist Advisor
FISHIN Project (UGA/87/007)
FAO/UN
P.O. Box 521
Kampala, Uganda.

* Country Contact

FISHIN NOTES & RECORDS

LIST OF DOCUMENTS
(To Oct. 1989)

BIOSTATISTICAL (BIOSTAT) FIELD REPORTS

Coenen, E., 1988. Mission report, Tororo District, 29/11 – 1/12/88. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Dec. 1988).

Wadanya, J., 1989a. Report on the tour of Kichwamba Region: the area of Lakes George - Edward and Kazinga Channel Complex. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 2, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Feb. 1989)

Wadanya, J., 1989b. Report of the visit to Kigungu Landing. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 3, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Feb. 1989).

Coenen, E., & F.L. Orach-Meza, 1989. Mission report to Mwanza (15–26/2/89): HEST/TAFIRI and DANIDA Regional Seminar on Lake Victoria. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 4, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (March 1989).

Tumwebaze, R., 1989a. Mission report to Kasenyi Fish Landing (20/01/1989). BIOSTAT Field Report No. 5, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (June 1989).

Tumwebaze, R., 1989b. Report on the tour of Masaka Region - Lake Victoria. BIOSTAT Field Report. No. 6, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (June 1989).

Nyeko, D., 1989. Report on the tour of south-western lakes: George and Edward landings. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 7. FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).

Ikwaput, J., 1989. Report on the mission to Iganga District, 29/5 – 2/6/1989. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 8, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).

SOCIO-ECONOMIC (SEC) FIELD REPORTS

Odongkara, O.K., 1989a. Visit to Kasenyi Landing: 20th January, 1989. SEC Field Report No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).

Odongkara, O.K., 1989b. Preliminary report on Kichwamba Region landings: 4th – 7th February, 1989. SEC Field Report No. 2, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).

Reynolds, J.E., C.T. Kirema-Mukasa & O.K. Odongkara, 1989. Trip to Jinja Town and UFFRO. SEC Field Report No. 3, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).

Reynolds, J.E. & C.T. Kirema-Mukasa, 1989a. Visit to Kampala markets. SEC Field Report No. 4, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).

Reynolds, J.E. & O.K. Odongkara, 1989a. Preliminary notes on Iganga District landings. SEC Field Report No. 5, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (June 1989).

Reynolds, J.E. & C.T. Kirema-Mukasa, 1989b. Notes on Kichwamba Region. SEC Field Report No. 6, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).

Reynolds, J.E. & O.K. Odongkara, 1989b. Fish marketing and distribution in Tororo and Mbale Regions: a brief survey. SEC Field Report No. 7, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Aug. 1989).

Reynolds, J.E., F.L. Orach-Meza, & E.J. Coenen, 1989. Moyo District fisheries conditions and prospects. SEC Field Report No. 8, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).

Reynolds, J.E. & F.L. Orach-Meza, 1989. Development and management of Lake Victoria fisheries -- deliberations of the CIFA Meeting, Mwanza, Sept. 1989. SEC Field Report No. 9, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).

OTHER DOCUMENTS

Nyeko, D., 1989. Past and present fisheries statistical systems in Uganda -- a bibliographic study. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (April 1989).

Wadanya, J., 1989. Fisheries statistical training needs: initial assessment. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 2, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).

Ikwaput, J. & R. Tumwebaze, 1989. The present status of fisheries data collection and analysis in Uganda. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 3, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).

Wadanya, J., & D. Nyeko, 1989. Fisheries statistical systems in Uganda. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 4, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).

FISHIN PROJECT - UGA/87/007
FAO/UN
P.O. Box 521
KAMPALA, UGANDA