By
C.T. MUKASA,1 P.N. KARUHANGA,2 & J.E. Reynolds3
1 Fisheries Marketing Officer, Fisheries Dept., P.O. Box 4, Entebbe, Uganda.
3 Fisheries Advisor, FAO, P.O. Box 521, Kampala, Uganda.
1. INTRODUCTION
Socio-economics very broadly concerns the interaction between basic resource systems and the human communities which depend upon them for subsistence and commercial welfare. The term “interaction” is relevant because the very act of deriving benefits from these systems -- i.e. of expoiting them, obviously affects their state -- i.e. their potential for continued exploitation. Socio-economic investigations thus involve a considerable array of issues, ranging from the organisation and pursuit of productive efforts (tapping the resource) to the final distribution of benefits (using the resource). In terms of the fisheries of Lake Victoria, the availability of reliable socio-economic data is of absolutely critical importance. Informed decision-making on issues of planning, development, and management of the fisheries is simply not possible without recourse to information covering such critical areas as cost and earnings performances of fishing units, constraints to greater productivity, demographic characteristics and quality of life obtaining in fisherfolk communities, patterns of product distribution and use, and overall benefits accruing to the national welfare and economy. Although fully appreciative of the need to maintain a comprehensive and reliable socio-economic database on the industry, national fisheries administrators and researchers generally have been ill-equipped for the task -- principally because of severe funding constraints, with all of the attendant limitations in facilities, equipment, and personnel. Disruptions brought on by episodes of civil instability to which the country has been victim in the recent past have also contributed to the present unsatisfactory state of affairs.
2. SOCIO-ECONOMICS: THE PAST RECORD
Past efforts to institute and/or upgrade statistical recording and monitoring systems for the Uganda waters of Lake Victoria have involved attention to socio-economic parameters in varying degrees. The importance of taking socio-economic concerns into account was recognised early on. Thus Graham (1929), in his pioneering survey work covering the fisheries of the Lake, stressed that the collection of production statistics be complemented by systematic recording of fish consignments shipped by road, railway, or steamer, and of market transactions in fish at major population centres. Data on place of origin and weight by species were deemed to be of particular importance.
Since the time of Graham's study, successive observers have commented on the need for monitoring routines to include the measurement of socio-economic variables. One of the most comprehensive of previous efforts to assess the weaknesses of statistical data collection and analysis and to recommend inprovements was that undertaken by Sastry (1957). The proposals he submitted entailed, amongst other things, a scheme for the collection of a fairly ambitious range of socio-economic information.
With regard to utilization, demand, and supply, Sastry stressed that the monitoring of these areas was fundamental to the task of ensuring efficient and balanced performance of the fisheries for the benefit of the country. Successful monitoring would require reliable data on total consumption of fish, total quantities handled by type of cure, internal and external distribution patterns and volumes, and prices at different levels of the distribution and marketing network. Such information was generally found to be lacking or only available in unsystematic records.
Qualitative and quantitative information on other socio-economic characteristics was regarded by Sastry as being an equally fundamental requirement to development planning for the sector. Data were needed on such characteristics as the size and distribution of the fishing population, family composition and dependency patterns, alternative sources of income, housing and sanitation conditions, literacy rates, and general levels of income and wealth. Sastry found, however, that such information was almost totally lacking at the time of his investigations.
Socio-economic factors have also been a major focus of concern in other research and development projects undertaken on an ad hoc or episodic basis over the years since the time of Sastry's work. Amongst these can be mentioned the work of: Crutchfield (1959) on fish marketing; the Sociological Unit of the UNDP/FAO Lake Victoria Fisheries Research Project (Bazigos 1971; UFD 1972); the Tropical Development and Research Institute (1983); Reynolds and Greboval (1988); and the Artisanal Fisheries Rehabilitation Project (MAIF 1989). Work has also been consistently pursued by researchers at the Uganda Freshwater Fisheries Research Organisation (Karuhanga 1990), who have organised a number of socio-economic surveys to probe such issues as:
fishing enterprises by type, ownership, and organisation;
control and use of productive equipment including boats, engines, gear, and shore support services;
fishing trip routines and the allocation of time for fishing versus other activities;
catch volumes and composition, and catch disposal;
income from fishing and other activities;
operational costs and sources of credit and indebtedness; and
other general questions relating to the quality of fisherfolk community life, the involvement of unpaid family labour in fishing enterprises, migration patterns and their underlying causes, market information awareness, and so on.
3. SOCIO-ECONOMICS: THE PRESENT RECORD
Despite the rather considerable attention that earlier evaluations and project undertakings have devoted to socio-economic issues, they are only catered for to a limited extent in the current system of statistical data collection covering the Lake Victoria fisheries of Uganda. In terms of the harvest dimension, enumeration touches upon the following items of socio-economic relevance: numbers of canoes and fishing crew, gear used, production levels per species, and value of catch ex-canoe. On the post-harvest side, information is collected on the fish handled in major urban markets on a monthly basis, broken down in terms of species according to their respective sources of supply, numbers, weights, and prices per kilogram. In some cases, where markets also serve as wholesale transit points for the further distribution of catches, information is noted about the ultimate destinations of fish consignments. Similar information is collected for minor markets in certain regions on a sample basis. In a very few instances, facilities used for handling fish in the markets are also counted.
Enumeration of items of socio-economic relevance at the landing sites is carried out along the lines already described in the part of the Uganda country paper dealing with catch and effort sampling systems. Also described in the earlier paper are the procedures for the submission, compilation, and analysis of data, together with the rather considerable set of problems that plague current efforts at catch-effort monitoring and reporting. To recapitulate briefly, Fisheries Department staff stationed at the landings have the responsibility to record the number of boats fishing or landing each day, the number of boats they actually sample, and, for the latter, the species and number composition, weight, and value of fish landed. Total enumeration of boats and catches may take place at smaller landings, where the numbers involved are more manageable. In cases where sampling takes place, the average figures obtained from observed units are used in conjunction with raising factors (observed days' averages x total number of fishing days) to obtain estimates of catch per month per boat and per species by weight and value.
In the case of processed (usually smoked) fish consignments being delivered by canoe to landing sites, basically the same procedure is followed, except that weighing and/or counting of pieces are carried out in terms of bundles of product being off-loaded. Where processing takes place directly at the landing, amounts involved can be noted on a daily or a weekly basis. This not a universal practise, however. The available records on processed fish are therefore incomplete.
In relation to marketing statistics, the methods of data collection are also not uniform. The procedure employed for such urban markets as those in Kampala and Tororo Districts consists of several stages, as can be summarised below:
For both fresh and processed fish, samples of various sizes of a particular species is first weighed to determine the range of weights for the different categories according to which traders sell their fish -- e.g. “small,” “medium,” and “large.” Prices of the different sizes are noted so that an average price per unit of weight can be worked out. The exercise is repeated for each vehicle consignment of fish delivered to market on any given day.
Fishmongers are then asked about the total quantity of fish they have brought. Normally they provide this answer by giving the amount in number and according to sizes of each species. If the Fisheries Marketing Assistant is not satisfied with an answer the alternative is to count the fish. This is usually done in the act of selling because fish is normally sold by counting and not by weight.
Total amount is arrived at by using the average sampled weight multiplied by the total number of a particular species brought by a particular vehicle. Then all the totals of the same species from the different vehicles are added together to get the total amount. For total value the amount of each species is multiplied by the average price of the sampled weight.
This method is used for each species separately to find out how much of has been brought to market along with its total value and price per kilogramme. (Also see Fig. 1)
Data collection for the majority of minor markets in other urban settings and rural areas is much less complete. In many cases, particularly in more remote localities, there is no enumeration of marketing activity whatsoever. Where enumeration does take place, the information collected on fish trading is usually limited to the categories of species, weight, number and value per month. No breakdown is provided of fresh versus processed fish, nor in terms of source of supply.
In certain rural areas of Iganga, Mukono, and Tororo Districts, fisheries staff attempt to follow a sampling approach, wherein different markets are visited on an interval (weekly, fortnightly, or even monthly) rather than daily basis. Thus, for example, a Fisheries Marketing Assistant who has been assigned responsibilties covering ten different markets within a certain district, may follow a routine of visiting specified markets on specified days, according to the actual days the respective markets are held, and the availability of transport. Alternatively, in cases where markets are convened every day, staff may visit at any time, as often as can be managed.
The established statistical reporting system also makes provision for the monitoring of export traffic in fish, though in recent years only fragmentary information has been generated. Figures on export traffic are supposed to be provided by Customs officials stationed at major posts such as the Entebbe Airport or on the Kenya-Uganda border (i.e. at Busia or Malaba) or the Zaire-Uganda border (i.e. Mpondwe, near Bwera). Where inspection of export consignments is carried out by a Fisheries Officer, as occurs at the Entebbe Airport and Busia, records are also supposed to be noted as to the species being exported together with details on weight, value, and destination.
Still another way in which export traffic records should be maintained is through the licensing system for wholesale or bulk dealers in fish, as supervised by the Fisheries Department Headquarters. A wholesale trader is legally required to hold a “Specific License” issued by the Department, and to submit monthly returns with details of the species of fish being traded along with the form (fresh/processed), volumes, values and market destinations of the consignments involved. This system worked effectively through the 1960s and 1970s, when it was enforced through the practice of denying license renewals to those who had neglected to file their monthly returns. During the last decade, however, enforcement has lapsed, largely owing to breakdowns in administrative capabilities and an influx and rapid turnover of new entrants into the trading business.
In all cases, market data is assembled by the Regional Offices and reported to Fisheries Headquarters on a monthly basis. For Kampala area markets, monthly submissions are made using summary compilation sheets like the one shown in Fig. 2. In most cases, however, pre-printed reporting sheets are not employed.
At Fisheries Headquarters, the data are compiled and processed according to fisheries regions, but generally it is only the markets of the chief urban centres which receive attention. The aggregated data are therefore incomplete in respect to marketing activity across a wide range of rural places. The quality of the final tabulations is also compromised because there is no system in place for checking up on sampling and non-sampling errors.
The shortcomings of the current systems of socio-economic data collection, compilation, analysis, and reporting are easy to identify, as well as their underlying causes. These latter relate to a severe lack of resources at all levels within the Department of Fisheries to facilitate efficient, orderly, and comprehensive management of information on landing site and marketplace activities. The mobility of staff is severely restricted due to transport bottlenecks. They also lack basic tools such as weighing scales, stationery, and office equipment for the conduct of their work. Problems of timely payment of salaries and allowances by Government may have a negative influence on staff motivation as well.
In terms of the data gathering and processing, shortcomings relate not only to irregularities in enumeration, compilation, and reporting routines, but also to the array of items, events, and activities which are monitored. It may furthermore be remarked that there is inadequate collaboration between various Government agencies whose remits entail issues of fisheries socio-economics -- most especially between the Fisheries Department, the Planning Unit of the Ministry of Animal Industries and Fisheries, and the Uganda Freshwater Fisheries Research Organisation. This state of affairs results in lost opportunities to share and critically review ideas, suggestions, and experiences -- opportunities, in other words, to enhance overall research and policy and planning advisory capabilities for the benefit of the fisheries sector.
Thus, in summary:
lack of uniformity in the mode of data collection, and in the kinds of items measured from market to market makes it very difficult to get reliable figures;
the absence of thorough check-back mechanisms up the line of supervision raises questions about the quality of the data being collected and tabulated;
a number of important socio-economic features of the fishing industry remain unmeasured because no provision is made for them to be regularly monitored either as part of the monthly reporting cycle or through some other set interval scheme; and
various Government agencies dealing with issues bearing on fisheries socio-economics do not sufficiently collaborate with one another, meaning that the national capabilities for research, analysis, and policy and planning formulation may not be as effectively developed as they might be.
4. SOCIO-ECONOMICS: TOWARDS AN IMPROVED RECORD
The Uganda Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems Project (FISHIN), is formulating and implementing certain measures, both new and improved, in order to correct the various shortcomings in socio-economic data handling capabilities noted above. The approach is designed to work with and through the existing field and headquarters establishments of the Department, although staff capabilities are being reinforced through the provision of basic equipment (e.g. bicycles, weighing scales, and calculators) and training (e.g., in enumeration skills, data processing, and computer use). The aim will be to establish, as soon as possible, a bank of baseline information on socio-economic dimensions of the national fisheries. Efforts are now underway to accomplish this through a series of surveys covering fish landings and fishing communities, transport and on-shore handling facilities, short- and long-range marketing patterns, and fish consumption habits.
The socio-economic information bank will be regularly updated in two ways. First, the existing routine monitoring and monthly reporting system will be revised and strengthened so that it can yield a more complete and reliable picture of such basic activities and events in the harvest and post-harvest sectors as: overall catch and effort levels, catch dispositions (fresh vs. processed), prices (ex-canoe, wholesale, and retail levels), and market destinations. Secondly, a plan will be put in place wherein more comprehensive “calibrating” surveys will be mounted at regular but longer-term intervals. A preliminary suggestion is that the intervals be established for every five years -- a quinquennial arrangement. Exact procedures have yet to be worked out, but it is anticipated that each designated survey year would be devoted to the conduct of detailed investigations along much the same lines as are now being pursued under the FISHIN Project. Thus, each quinquennial survey exercise would yield information to set the monthly routines and annual compilations of data coverage in a wider perspective. Inventories of landings, fishing communities, handling facilities and other infrastructural features would be revised as indicated. Sample surveys of fisherfolk communities and occupational categories (boat owners, crew, processors, traders) as well as fish consumers would provide the basis for analysing trends and changing fortunes in the industry.
The basic elements of the proposed approach are laid out in Fig. 3. While it may seem fairly straightforward on paper, implementation and sustainabilty are different questions altogether. It is in these respects that any new plan faces numerous pitfalls. Initially, at least, there is provision to minimise the difficulties. The use of standardised forms, categories of enumeration, observation intervals (daily, weekly, or other sampling arrangement) will be established. Fisheries field staff and their supervisors in the project areas will be outfitted with bicycles and motorcycles, so that they can more effectively cover their respective areas of assignment. Basic supplies and some operational funds will also be provided. All of this should significantly enhance both the extent and quality of data collected in the short run. It is to be hoped that the Department will be able to mobilise sufficient resources in the years ahead years to keep the system in smooth operation.
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
There is clearly a need to make some fundamental adjustments in both the structure and scope of socio-economic data collection procedures. First and foremost, the reliability and even the very meaning of figures being collected must be secured through a standardised system of (a) monitoring routines (including common categories of items enumerated and common sampling strategies) and (b) quality controls. Beyond this, there is a need to expand the array of items enumerated since there are critical gaps in the socio-economic information base as it now stands. These gaps must be filled if policy and planning and resource managers are to be adequately informed as they evaluate events and trends in the fisheries sector and formulate development decisions accordingly.
A number of recommended measures have been alluded to in the foregoing discussion, and may be briefly reiterated by way of conclusion. It should be noted that all of the measures are all now being implemented in various stages through the FISHIN Project.
Organisation and execution of a frame survey covering landing sites and facilities, and fishing and transport boats, jointly with the BIOSTAT working group of the Project.
Organisation and execution of a census of processing, distribution, and marketing facilities around the lakeshore and in the immediate hinterland.
Based on the results of the frame survey and facilities census, organisation and execution of in-depth investigations of critical aspects of the harvest and post-harvest sectors through sample surveys of relevant populations of fish producers, fisherfolk community residents, and fish processors, traders, and consumers.
Design of revised recording and reporting content and procedures for the Fisheries Department's ongoing data collection and processing routines, so that monthly and yearly compilations and analyses contain more reliable and comrehensive information.
Design of a scheme for periodic surveys of key socio-economic parameters over longer-term intervals, on the order of every five years, for example, so that monthly and yearly compilations of data may be “recalibrated” if need be, and set into a broader perspective on the state of the Lake Victoria fishing industry.
In respect to all research and analytical initiatives undertaken to foster the improvement of statistics and information systems for the Lake, secure closer collaboration between personnel of the Fisheries Department and colleagues sharing a professional concern with socio-economic issues in other agencies, particularly the Uganda Freshwater Fisheries Research Organisation and the Planning Unit of the Ministry of Animal Industry and Fisheries Headquarters.
6. REFERENCES CITED
BAZIGOS, G.P., 1971. Training course in fishery statistics. Pamphlet prepared for the Survey Training Course (Senior Staff), Lake Victorial Fisheries Research Project. Kisumu, Kenya, November 1971 (mimeo): 18p.
CRUTCHFIELD, J.A., 1959. Report on fish marketing in Uganda. Uganda Fisheries Department (mimeo): 153p.
GRAHAM, M., 1929. The Victoria Nyanza and its fisheries. London, Crown Agents for the Colonies: 255p.
KARUHANGA, P.N., 1990. The desingn of socio-economic sample surveys. UFFRO (mimeo): 7p.
MAIF (MINISTRY OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY AND FISHERIES, UGANDA), 1989. Fisheries survey 1988. Planning Department (MAIF), and the Artisanal Fisheries Rehabilitation Project (mimeo): 35p.
REYNOLDS, J.E. & D.F. GREBOVAL, 1988. Socio-economic effects of the evolution of Nile perch fisheries in Lake Victoria: a review. CIFA Tech.Pap., (17):148p.
REYNOLDS, J.E., J. WADANYA, AND D. NYEKO, eds., 1989. Fisheries statistics and information management in Uganda: past approaches, current status, and future prospects. Field Document No. 1. FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007.
SASTRY, K.V.R., 1957. Interim report to the Government of Uganda on improvement of fisheries statistics. FAO, Rome (mimeo): 91p.
TROPICAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 1983. Fisheries rehabilitation study: Uganda. TDRI, London (mimeo): 289p.
UFD (UGANDA FISHERIES DEPARTMENT), 1972. Occasional Paper No. 4. Entebbe, Government Printer: 34p.
FIG. 1. SAMPLE MARKET RECORDING FORMAT (KAMPALA AREA)
| MARKET: | DATE: | |||||
| SPECIES | SOURCE SUPPLY | NUMBER | WEIGHT | SAMPLE | PRICE OF SAMPLE | |
| NO. | WT. | |||||
FIG. 2. SAMPLE MARKET REPORTING FORMAT (KAMPALA AREA)
| MARKET: MONTH: | ||||
| SPECIES | SOURCE | TOT. NO. | TOT.WT. | TOT. VALUE |
Source: Reynolds, Wadanya, and Nyeko 1989.
FIG. 3. FISHERIES INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS AN IMPROVED RECORD
Source: Reynolds, Wadanya, and Nyeko 1989.
FISHIN NOTES & RECORDS
LIST OF DOCUMENTS
(To May 1990)
BIOSTATISTICAL (BIOSTAT) FIELD REPORTS
Coenen, E., 1988. Mission report, Tororo District, 29/11 – 1/12/88. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Dec. 1988).
Wadanya, J., 1989a. Report on the tour of Kichwamba Region: the area of Lakes George - Edward and Kazinga Channel Complex. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 2, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Feb. 1989)
Wadanya, J., 1989b. Report of the visit to Kigungu Landing. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 3, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Feb. 1989).
Coenen, E., & F.L. Orach-Meza, 1989. Mission report to Mwanza (15–26/2/89): HEST/TAFIRI and DANIDA Regional Seminar on Lake Victoria. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 4, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (March 1989).
Tumwebaze, R., 1989a. Mission report to Kasenyi Fish Landing (20/01/1989). BIOSTAT Field Report No. 5, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (June 1989).
Tumwebaze, R., 1989b. Report on the tour of Masaka Region - Lake Victoria. BIOSTAT Field Report. No. 6, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (June 1989).
Nyeko, D., 1989. Report on the tour of south-western lakes: George and Edward landings. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 7, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).
Ikwaput, J., 1989. Report on the mission to Iganga District, 29/5 – 2/6/1989. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 8, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).
Nyeko, D., 1990. Report on the trial frame survey conducted around the northern side of the Kome Islands complex (14 – 16 February 1990). BIOSTAT Field Report No. 9, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Feb. 1990).
Wadanya, J., 1990a. Travel report to Lakes Edward/George and Albert. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 10, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (March 1990).
Nyeko, D. & R. Tumwebaze, 1990. The Lulamba Island Complex fisheries: report on a trial frame survey. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 11, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (April 1990).
Ikwaput, J. & R. Tumwebaze, 1989. The present status of fisheries data collection and analysis in Uganda. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 12, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Oct. 1989 -- originally issued as BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 4).
Ikwaput, J. & E.J. Coenen, 1990. Report on trip to Masaka Region and Katebo Landing. BIOSTAT Field Report No. 13, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (April 1990).
SOCIO-ECONOMIC (SEC) FIELD REPORTS
Odongkara, O.K., 1989a. Visit to Kasenyi Landing: 20th January, 1989. SEC Field Report No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).
Odongkara, O.K., 1989b. Preliminary report on Kichwamba Region landings: 4th – 7th February, 1989. SEC Field Report No. 2, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).
Reynolds, J.E., C.T. Kirema-Mukasa & O.K. Odongkara, 1989. Trip to Jinja Town and UFFRO. SEC Field Report No. 3, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).
Reynolds, J.E. & C.T. Kirema-Mukasa, 1989a. Visit to Kampala markets. SEC Field Report No. 4, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1989).
Reynolds, J.E. & O.K. Odongkara, 1989a. Preliminary notes on Iganga District landings. SEC Field Report No. 5, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (June 1989).
Reynolds, J.E. & C.T. Kirema-Mukasa, 1989b. Notes on Kichwamba Region. SEC Field Report No. 6, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).
Reynolds, J.E. & O.K. Odongkara, 1989b. Fish marketing and distribution in Tororo and Mbale Regions: a brief survey. SEC Field Report No. 7, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Aug. 1989).
Reynolds, J.E., F.L. Orach-Meza, & E.J. Coenen, 1989. Moyo District fisheries conditions and prospects. SEC Field Report No. 8, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).
Reynolds, J.E. & F.L. Orach-Meza, 1989. Development and management of Lake Victoria fisheries -- deliberations of the CIFA Meeting, Mwanza, Sept. 1989. SEC Field Report No. 9, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).
Reynolds, J.E. & O.K. Odongkara, 1989c. Socio-economic aspects of fisheries development in Uganda: The ‘FISHIN’ Project. SEC Field Report No. 10, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Nov. 1989).
Kirema-Mukasa, C.T., & J.E. Reynolds, 1989. Brief notes on fisheries production, marketing and credit facilities in Uganda. SEC Field Report No. 11, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Nov. 1989).
Odongkara, O.K., 1990. Socio-economic aspects of the Kome Island fisheries: report on a trial frame survey. SEC Field Report No. 12, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Feb. 1990).
Reynolds, J.E., & W.M. Ssali, 1990. Lake Victoria fisheries industrialisation: recent developments in Uganda. SEC Field Report No. 13, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (March 1990).
Reynolds, J.E., J.H. White, & S. Kisembo, 1990. Development of fishing and transport smallcraft in Uganda: past experience and new prospects. SEC Field Report No. 14, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (March 1990).
Reynolds, J.E., 1990. Continuity or crisis? Management challenges for the shared fisheries of the western Uganda Great Lakes. SEC Field Report No. 15, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (March 1990).
Kirema-Mukasa, C.T. and J.E. Reynolds, 1990. Marketing and distribution aspects of Lake Victoria fisheries in Uganda. SEC Field Report No. 16, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (May 1990).
OTHER DOCUMENTS
Nyeko, D., 1989. Past and present fisheries statistical systems in Uganda -- a bibliographic study. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (April 1989).
Wadanya, J., 1989. Fisheries statistical training needs: initial assessment. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 2, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (July 1989).
Ikwaput, J. & R. Tumwebaze, 1989. The present status of fisheries data collection and analysis in Uganda. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 3, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).
Wadanya, J., & D. Nyeko, 1989. Fisheries statistical systems in Uganda. BIOSTAT Working Paper No. 4, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Sept. 1989).
Orach-Meza, F.L., E.J. Coenen & J.E. Reynolds, 1989. Past and recent trends in the exploitation of the Great Lakes fisheries of Uganda. Occasional Papers, No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Paper presented at the International Symposium on Resource Use and Conservation of the Great Lakes. Bujumbura, 29/11 – 2/12/89). (Nov. 1989).
Reynolds, J.E., J. Wadanya, & D. Nyeko, eds., 1989. Fisheries statistics and information management in Uganda: past approaches, current status, and future prospects. Field Document No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Nov. 1989).
Reynolds, J.E., 1989. Fisheries development in Uganda: sectoral background and project profiles (No. 1: Stock assessment of national and shared fisheries; No.2: Monitoring of catch, effort, and utilisation; No.3: Eradication of water hyacinth from Lake Kyoga; No.4: Provision of basic inputs; No.5: Development of the Lake Victoria dagaa fishery; No.6: Pilot development of fishing and transport craft; No.7: National fish technology services and infrastructure improvement). Project Profiles, No. 1, FISHIN Notes and Records. Fisheries Statistics and Information Systems, FAO/UNDP Project UGA/87/007. (Nov. 1989; Rev. Dec. 1989). (Restricted).
FISHIN PROJECT - UGA/87/007
FAO/UN
P.O. Box 521
KAMPALA, UGANDA
