This report provides a brief overview of the current status of the project at the end of the first mission of the Technical Adviser. It also provides suggestions for the future development of the project.
The terms of reference of the Technical Adviser are with the National Project Director to be responsible for the execution of the Project, especially:
to assist the National Project Director to produce a Work Plan detailing all investigations, store acquisition, facility development, national staff organization, and any other schedules deemed essential to the achievement of the stipulated outputs of the project.
in his first mission, to assist the National Project Director to outline methodologies and procedures for investigations into biological, environmental and any other related aspects of the Anzali Lagoon for the acquisition of time series information essential to the attainment of the project outputs.
In his subsequent missions he will:
monitor the progress of all scheduled investigations for the purpose of identifying any shortcomings and recommending adjustments;
ensure that investigatory and managerial efforts are correctly and effectively directed;
provide technical guidance and on-the-job training to technical personnel of the project; and
coordinate the work of the international aquatic pollution consultant.
The Technical Adviser visited Iran from 25 October to 13 December 1989 with the following itinerary:
| Arrival | Departure | |
| Bratislava | 14.10.89 | |
| Prague (transit) | 15.10.89 | 15.10.89 |
| Rome (briefing) | 15.10.89 | 24.10.89 |
| Tehran (UNDP) | 25.10.89 | 26.10.89 |
| Bandar Anzali | 26.10.89 | 11.12.89 |
| Tehran (UNDP, CS Embassy) | 11.12.89 | 13.12.89 |
| Rome (debriefing) | 13.12.89 | 18.12.89 |
| Vienna (transit) | 18.12.89 | 18.12.89 |
| Bratislava | 18.12.89 |
Office accommodation was made available in the Shilat Fisheries Research and Training Organization (SFRTO) building in Bandar Anzali. This arrangement has ensured relatively good working conditions, permanent contact with the National Project Director, National Project staff, SFRTO laboratories staff, Shilat authorities and various workshop facilities, housed in the same or in adjacent buildings. However, the office accommodation consists of only one room which makes working there rather difficult.
The Technical Adviser's living accommodation was in the Sefid Kenar hotel in the western suburb of Bandar Anzali, about 6 km from the office. It was understood that this arrangement was made for security reasons, but it limited contacts with people and prevented the free movement of the Technical Adviser. Daily return transport from and to the hotel was provided by the SFRTO vehicle.
The expert was familiarized with the area and various aspects of the project by the National Project Director (Mr. N. Hosseinpour), the Director of the SFRTO (Mr. V. Hagpanah) and the heads of particular departments. About 20 days were spent on field work, with visits paid to the Anzali Lagoon and its tributaries, including the watershed of the Sefid-rud River and Tarik and Sefid rud reservoirs, the Sangar diversion canal and the main irrigation network. Mr. A. Mohamed, the former chief hydrologist of the North Water and Power Organization at Rasht supplied valuable details on the function and history of the irrigation engineering works.
A detailed Work Plan was then prepared by the Technical Adviser and the National Project Director (Annex 1).
One of the major tasks of the Technical Adviser's first visit was to find out the present status of the field and laboratory equipment available in the departments of the SFRTO, as well as to make a list of equipment for the project needs. Most of the laboratory equipment was found to be obsolete, in urgent need of substantial renovation. A list of equipment was prepared (Appendix V) and submitted to Dr. Ghaffarzadeh, Project Officer, UNDP, on 11 November 1989, who forwarded it to FAO Headquarters, Rome.
Given the availability of a number of fibreglass boats with various outboard motors for the project's needs in both the Shilat and Jehad at Bandar Anzali there is no need to purchase extra ones.
It was understood that one car will be provided by the Shilat from the national budget in the near future.
SFRTO possesses various types of nets including a 500 m beach seine operated by two tractors. Trap nets for fish migration investigations were designated by the Technical Adviser and one has already been constructed in the Shilat Operation office and tested in the field. Altogether eight traps of this type (see Appendix IV) should be ready by the end of January 1990. The cost of traps is covered by the national budget.
The national project staff were trained by the Technical Adviser to collect catch and effort data, to sample fish scales and measure fish in the field, and to process the collected data. They have been also trained in the setting of trap nets and removing the fish catch.
Training possibilities for coastal lagoon management were also discussed. Three persons are expected to visit Italy for a period of three weeks each in the summer of 1991.
Observations made on various sites of the Anzali Lagoon revealed that this water body is in an advanced stage of ageing which is characterized by siltation and an overgrowth of wetland plants. In the eastern, central and southern parts of the lagoon, the impact of siltation is most pronounced. The Pasikhan and Khoman river deltas (map 1) have advanced significantly northwards and filled up part of the lagoon with sediments. The Siahdarvishan delta separated the southern part from the central and western parts of the lagoon. A major section of the central, and the entire eastern part are now almost completely covered with Phragmites and the open water here is represented by a few narrow (3–7 m) and shallow (40–155 cm) channels with a dense cover of water chestnut (Trapa natans). The southern part is now completely separated. It is very shallow (40–50 cm), full of submersed (Myriophyllum, Vallisneria) and floating (Trapa) vegetation and is navigable only by canoes. In 1985, the sediment was dredged in the central part for some 300 m in front of the Rastahkaleh-roga outlet. Its average depth at that time was 4 m, but now the maximum depth in the centre is only 190 cm, showing thus the high rate of siltation. The Technical Adviser was informed that the beds of both the inflowing rivers and outlets are regularly dredged. A new channel connecting the western part of the Anzali Lagoon with the main outlet near the Bandar Anzali harbour was constructed a few years ago. The removal of Phragmites and other emergent vegetation by dredging, initiated about five years ago, has now been stopped at the request of the Environmental Conservation Organization (ECO) which pointed out the possible negative impact of this activity upon the environmental balance. Only the western part of the lagoon with a single small inlet in the most westerly part, has open water. Its depth reaches only 150 to 200 cm. During summer this part has also a dense cover of Trapa natans. Frequent summer fish kills result from the low dissolved oxygent content.
The main reason for the high siltation rate is the supply of the irrigation water from the Sefid-rud river. There are two intakes: about 35 m3.s-1 is taken from the Tarik dam and directed through a 17 km long tunnel. This feeds the network of the irrigation canals emptying onto the paddy fields in the watershed of the Siahdarvishan River and other rivers situated westward from it. The second part of water is comes from the Sangar reservoir and is led through a network of channels, dams and sedimentation tanks to paddy fields in the watershed of the Pasikhan River. Both systems are in operation during the summer. The high silt load, reaching 10 g per litre, results from heavy erosion of the deforested valley of the Sefid-rud, especially above the Sefid-rud dam. Watersheds of streams and rivers draining into the Anzali Lagoon do not show any extensive erosion. Here paddy fields alternate with pastures and forests. Some of these watersheds, especially those close to the Anzali Lagoon, were planted in trees 15–20 years ago. The silt deposition from the Pasikhan and Pirbazar rivers is enhanced by the considerable summer intake of water for irrigation.
There is also a problem of pollution, especially from agriculture. Fertilizers and pesticides are said to be mostly responsible for it. This problem still needs to be studied. Occasional fish kills observed from April to September in both the Pirbazar and Pasikhan rivers are said to be due to pollution.
There are indications that the rising level of the Caspian Sea observed since 1977 has already made an impact on the hydro-chemical regime of the Anzali Lagoon. Recent (1989) data supplied by Mr. Mellatparast, the Head of the SFRTO Department of Limnology, show that the current chloride concentration of 219.3 mg 1-1 in the middle of the western part of the Anzali Lagoon is 8.8 times higher than the 24.8 mg 1-1 given by Kimball in 1973. After stormy weather values now exceed 1 300 mg. 1-1 indicating a strong intrusion of the sea water into the Anzali Lagoon.
The exact number of fish species living in the Anzali Lagoon is not known. Sixteen fish species (Esox lucius, Abramis brama, Alburnus alburnus, Aristichthys nobilis, Barbus brachycephalus, Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Rutilus frisii. Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Silurus glanis, Perca fluviatilis and Stizostedion lucioperca are listed in various reports and papers. However, the number of species is probably higher. Mugil cephalus, eel (Anguilla anguilla) and other euryhaline species should now have a chance to enter the lagoon due to the increasing salinity. Eel is known from the southern Caspian. Although not recorded in any list of Iranian fishes, 10 to 40 specimens are caught annually in the area between the Sefid-rud delta and Bandar Anzali; 4 living specimens weighing 0.7 to 2.5 kg are now held in the experimental hatchery of the SFRTO and were measured by the Technical Adviser. Abramis (Blicca) bjoerkna appears to be mistaken for Abramis brama which also occurs in the region. The fish fauna of the inflowing streams is unknown. At present it is not known what is caught in the lagoon. The last more or less reliable fish catch data are from 1960–63, when about 100 tons were landed each year. Catch statistics for the subsequent period do not exist as after 1963 commercial fishing stopped. Fishing in the Anzali Lagoon has continued and today there are both licensed fishermen and poachers. The total number of licenses issued at present is 832. Licenses are issued for six sectors of the lagoon and the license is valid for one year. However, this is merely a formality. Licenses are free of charge and fishermen are not requested to declare their catch. Though the gill nets are officially prohibited, gillnetting seems to be the main fishing gear used in the western part of the Anzali Lagoon. Other types of fishing gear used (with decreasing frequency) are cast net, drift net, scoop net and beach seine. Some angling was also observed, especially in inlets and outlets. Apart from licensed fishermen there is an unknown number of poachers. The total number of persons fishing in the lagoon is estimated to be around 1 200. The main fishing period is from November to March, corresponding to the pre-spawning and spawning migrations of Abramis brama, Barbus brachycephalus, Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Cyprinus carpio, Vimba vimba, Stizostedion lucioperca and Rutilus frisii, of which the last species is the most valuable fish in Iran. Since the end of the 1960's Carassius auratus has been increasing in number and has become the dominant species in catches. It was unintentionally introduced with the Chinese carps by the Romanians in about 1964. Inspection of catches taken by various fishing gear revealed that the most efficient is the cast net, followed by the scoop net. The proportion in catch of a particular species changes with the type of net. Cast and scoop nets along with beach seine are the most effective for C. auratus while the drift net is more suitable for R. frisii and the beach seine for Chinese carps.
The high dominance of the goldfish (C. auratus) is important from two aspects: (i) it indicates the deterioration of environmental conditions in the Anzali Lagoon, especially the poor oxygen content, (ii) it contributes to the very low share of some native cyprinids (e.g. C. carpio and A. brama, Carassius auratus populations west of the Amur river (eatern Siberia) are predominantly composed of females while west of the Ural mountains almost all populations are monosexual, comprised exclusively of females. They mate with males of other species of cyprinids (but also of cobitids). The sperm of these males only activates the development of the goldfish egg and the offsprings are 100% females of the species C. auratus (gynogenetic type of reproduction). It has been found (e.g. in the Danube river) that due to the presence of C. auratus the density and subsequently also the catches of some cyprinids, mainly common carp and bream, have significantly decreased.
According to the Shilat statistics the Anzali Lagoon is regularly stocked annually with juveniles of Ctenopharyngodon idella (- 929 810), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix x Aristichthys nobilis (- 655 200)1, Cyprinus carpio (- 136 414). The mean weight of stocked juveniles is only about 3 g and this probably results in a high mortality. Most juveniles stocked are probably preyed upon by pike (Esox lucius) and by wels (Silurus glanis) dwelling just in the western part of the Anzali Lagoon where the vast majority of the juveniles of all species are stocked. Certainly, the high numbers of stocked grass carp fingerlings do not show any impact on the growth of submersed and emergent macrophytes. The share of both the grass and common carp in catches is reported to be very low.
The Technical Adviser was informed that the crayfish population in the Anzali Lagoon is composed of one species, i.e. Astacus leptodactylus. A. pachypus occurs, according to Mr. Razavi, the Head of the Department of Biology, only along the coast of the Caspian Sea. There is a concentration of crayfish in the inflowing streams. Crayfish were fished in 1987 commercially. Fifteen boats with 240 traps each, operated for 10 months. The total catch amounted to 19.4 t of which 15 t were exported to Turkey and the remaining part stocked into various natural and man-made lakes in Gilan, Mazandaran and Azerbaidjan provinces. This activity was then stopped as it was clear from statistical data that the catch gradually decreased from 3.3 t in May to 0.6 t in December, indicating depletion of the stock. In 1988 only experimental fishing was carried out by one boat and one set of traps. Crayfish caught (2.8 t) were again used for stocking. A patchy distribution of crayfish in the area of Anzali Lagoon probably reflects differences in environmental conditions of individual streams. Differences in catches also seem to correspond to reported presence and/or absence of pollution.
The National Project Director is Mr. Hosseinpour, a graduate from Karadj Faculty of Fisheries. During the past 20 years he has visited various countries and underwent fisheries training in Norway and Japan. Mr. Hosseinpour is assisted by two young engineers. One is Mr. Karimpour who graduated from the Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran. He has wide experience with the Anzali Lagoon and during the past years has participated in studies dealing with the ecology of the Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius), fecundity of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) and evaluation of the Iranian sturgeon fishery. The second assistant, Mr. Haghighi, graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. He has experience in fish breeding.
Among four departments, constituting the SFRTO, viz., Department of Biology, Department of Limnology, Department of Microbiology and Fish Diseases and Department of Fishing Technology, the first two will participate in the Project. The Department of Biology employs seven staff with a B.Sc. degree and four technicians. The Department is led by Mr. Razavi. The staff is experienced in fish biology studies including fish stock assessment, and also provides the sampling and analyses of the benthos. The Department of Limnology includes the Phyto- and Zooplankton Section. The Department is led by Mr. Mellatparast and Mrs. Mohammadjanii respectively. The Department employs 17 workers, of which 13 have B.Sc. degrees or diplomas. The Department does chemical analyses of water and also studies phyto- and zooplankton.
The problem of the library was mentioned by Mr. Petr in his report of December 1987. The Technical Adviser can only repeat that the SFRTO library urgently needs to be updated and reorganized. The library is very small, housed in one room, 7 x 5 m in size. The library has 230 books in English, 525 books in Russian and 398 books in Farsi. The number of journals is unknown, but it is limited to perhaps 10 to 15. After the revolution the description of journals was discontinued. There is only an author's catalogue. There is a shortage of foreign currency for acquisition of books and journals from abroad. The necessity to have a good library was stressed by the Technical Adviser in discussions with both Mr. Mohammadzadeh, Director General of the Shilat in the Gilan Province, and Mr. Haghpanah, Director of the SFRTO.
Both NPS and SFRTO staff engaged in the project implementation have been instructed by the Technical Adviser to gather all necessary information and data (see Annex 1, Work Plan). Most of the personnel seem to be adequately experienced. Some of them even participated in research made on the Anzali Lagoon by foreign experts in the past. The first three months (December 1989 to February 1990) of limnological investigations will be of a preparatory and preliminary phase. The programme of investigations will be evaluated and revised during the second visit of the Technical Adviser in March. As the two candidates proposed by FAO for the Aquatic Pollution Consultant post were not approved by the Government of Iran, another candidate is needed. This problem needs to be resolved as soon as possible, otherwise the aquatic pollution investigations will not be carried out in time. Possible delay may also seriously hamper ordering of the equipment.
In order to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of fisheries, limnological and pollution investigations it is essential that both the Technical Adviser and the Aquatic Pollution Consultant work together in Bandar Anzali in 1990. The next missions of the Technical Adviser are planned for March, August and November 1990:
At present, only the western part of the Anzali Lagoon still has some value for fisheries. The major emphasis should therefore be placed on the investigations in this area and on all outflows and major tributaries. After completion of the present project, the southern and eastern parts of the Anzali Lagoon should be investigated jointly by SFRTO and the Environmental Conservation Organization.
The SFRTO library is in desperate need of rehabilitation. Due to the geographical situation of the Caspian Sea, being within the countries of Iran and the USSR, fisheries books and journals are needed both in Russian and in English. The FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service and UNESCO should assist with the rehabilitation of the library and the organization of a viable retrieval system for fisheries and limnology. However, there is nobody in the library who understands Russian, a language used in the majority of publications on the Caspian Sea.
Tehran
UNDP
Mr. Per H. Janvid, UN Resident Coordinator and Resident Representative of
the UNDP
Dr. H.R. Ghaffarzadeh, Programme Officer
Plan and Budget Organization
Mr. Memarian, Liaison officer
National Fisheries Company (Shilat)
Mr. M.B. Mohri, Deputy Director, Research and Training Division
Czechoslovakian Embassy
Mr. M. Mácha, Ambassador
Mr. J. Mácha, Head, Commercial Section
Bandar Anzali
Shilat
Mr. Y. Mohammadzadeh, Director General, Caspian Sea Region
Mr. A. Sedghpour, Deputy Director, Operation Office (OO)
Mr. E. Olami, Fishing Gear Expert, OO
Mr. V. Haghpanah, Director, Shilat Fishery Research and Training Organization (SFRTO)
Mr. B. Razavi, Head, Department of Biology (DB), SFRTO
Mrs. L. Rastad, Biologist, DB, SFRTO
Mr. A. Mellatparast, Head, Department of Limnology (DL), SFRTO
Mrs. U.Arshad, Biologist, DL, SFRTO
Mrs. T. Mohammadjanii, Head, Phyto and Zooplankton Section (PZS), SFRTO
Mr. E. Mirzai, Biologist, PZS, SFRTO
Mrs. Rustapour, Librarian, SFRTO
Mr. N. Hosseinpour, National Project Director
Mr. M. Karimpour, National Project Staff (NPS)
Mr. D. Haghighi, NPS
Mr. N. Gorouhi, Head, Experimental Hatchery, SFRTO
Mr. H. Yousefpour, Head, Shehidbehesti (Shilat Warm Water Fish Hatchery)
Jehad Reclamation Project in Anzali Lagoon
Mr. S.H. Khodaparast, Head, Laboratory of Chemistry
North Water and Power Organization
Mr. A. Mohammed, Hydrologist
WORK PLAN
This work plan outlines the objectives, proposed activities, investigations, methods, sampling acquisition and programme, list of equipment, time schedule, the national project staff organization and responsibilities and training. If required this work plan may be revised during the duration of the project.
1. OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the IRA/88/001 project is the rehabilitation of the Anzali Lagoon fisheries to renew its former importance as the spawning and nursery ground of anadromous Caspian Sea bony fishes and to recommend appropriate measures for the rational exploitation of the finfish and crayfish resources of the lagoon. To accomplish this, the following aspects will be investigated:
These goals will be achieved through a number of activities as listed below:
2. ACTIVITIES
To achieve these objectives each department of the Shilat Fisheries Research and Training Organization must collaborate closely together.
During the discussion between Shilat and the Technical Adviser, the following arrangements were agreed upon.
The Department of Biology will ensure investigations dealing with fish ecology and zoobenthos. The Department will analyse fish samples for:
The Department of Limnology is responsible for the physico-chemical water analysis, and will cover the following parameters:
More analyses may be added later, after the arrival of the Aquatic Pollution Consultant.
The Phytoplankton-zooplankton Section will participate in the project by analyzing the phyto- and zooplankton communities in the Anzali Lagoon, with respect to:
The National Project Staff (Mr. Nurdin Hosseinpour and his assistants) is responsible for information on:
The National Project Staff will also:
3. METHODS
In order to receive results comparable with those by other authors investigating the Anzali Lagoon in the past, it is advisable to follow their methods, unless the new equipment offers amended procedures and more precise data. For chemical treatment the methods used by Kimball (1973) and Kimball & Shayegan (1973) should be followed. Hydrobiological samples should be analyzed following Kimball & Kimball (1974), using also the methods described by Welch (1948). Ichthyological methods, including fish stock assessment, are described in papers by RaLonde & Walczak (1970, 1971), RaLonde & Razavi (1972) and Razavi et al., (1972).
More information on methods can be found in papers by Chugunova (1972) and White (1977), with information on catch and effort statistics in the paper by White (1987 a,b). Catch and effort investigations should follow the procedures and the form as given in Appendices I and II. A list of fish species in English and Farsi is given in Appendix III. The basic literature is listed in Appendix IV.
4. SAMPLING
Starting in December 1989 beach seine samples will be taken 3–4 times per year; monthly samples from drift nets, scoop nets, gill nets and cast nets will be collected, as well as weekly samples from traps installed in rogas (outlets).
The total catch from each type of net will be identified, counted and weighed by species. Individual length (standard, fork and total), weight and key scales for the age and growth analysis will be collected from 50 randomly selected specimens of each species from each type of net (or from all specimens if their catch is less than 50). Fish from traps will be transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for species composition, weight, size, sex determination, fecundity and for food analysis.
Fish migration will be studied starting in November 1990 and continue until the end of March 1991. The catch will be analyzed as above. The fish will be tagged on the spot and then released.
Catch and effort statistics will be obtained from the regular census at five day intervals in all rogas, in the Pirbazar and Pasikhan rivers and in the western part of the lagoon.
Hydrochemical and hydrobiological samples will be collected every second week from 14 stations (Appendix VI). In the western part of the lagoon all samples for physical and hydrochemical analyses should be taken both from the surface and from the bottom and those sampled in the rogas should be taken at 1 m depth intervals. For hydrobiological analysis three subsamples of the bottom sediment will be collected from each station, pooled, washed on sieves with a different mesh size, preserved in formaldehyde solution, determining species or genera, counted and deposited. Plankton samples will be obtained with a Ruttner sampler, fixed with the Lugol's solution and analyzed in the laboratory. Two samples will be obtained for each station: the surface samples should be taken from above the bottom. Phytoplankton and zooplankton will then be separated and the main groups identified. For methods see Kimball and Kimball (1974).
5. PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS
The results should be tabulated and wherever appropriate, presented in the form of graphs or maps (e.g. macrophytes).
Benthos abundance should be expressed as number of individuals per 1 m2, phyto- and zooplankton as number of individuals per 1 litre. Length-weight, length-fecundity and weight-fecundity relationships should be presented both in the form both of regression equations and as graphs.
6. EQUIPMENT
After the visit of the Technical Adviser to the laboratories of the SFRTO at Bandar Anzali, the list of equipment needed for the project activities was prepared (Appendix V).
7. RESEARCH FACILITIES
Sampling, analyses, data compilation and processing will be performed by the national staff of the SFRTO at Anzali in co operation with the national project staff and with the advice of the Technical Adviser.
8. TIME SCHEDULE
The time schedule of the project is shown in Appendix VIII. Due to the big difference between the summer and winter/spring seasons the pollution specialist should visit the area twice, i.e. in March and in August.
The first three months (December 1989 to Febuary 1990) of the hydrochemical and hydrobiological investigations are a preparatory phase. The methodology and programme of work will be evaluated and revised as necessary during the second visit of the Technical Adviser and the first visit of the Aquatic Pollution Consultant. Starting with December 1989 catch and effort data and data from beach seining will be stored for further statistical evaluation.
9. NATIONAL PROJECT STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES
In addition to the activities mentioned under 2.4, the National Project Staff, headed by the National Project Director, will be responsible for the coordination of the activity of SFRTO departments (sections) and for the monitoring of the work plan progress. The National Project Director will prepare a short project performance report and submit it to the Technical Adviser at the beginning of his next mission. The Project Implementation Committee, composed of the National Project Staff, the Technical Adviser and the SFRTO Director, with the National Project Director as Chairman, will ensure the most effective coordination and management of investigatory activities, including a periodicial review of the Work Plan.
10. TRAINING
As the characteristics of the Anzali Lagoon are similar to, and in some respects almost identical to the lagoons in the Mediterranean, it is likely that the management of the Anzali Lagoon will also be similar. It is therefore recommended that selected persons are sent for three weeks to Italy to get acquainted with the situation there.
11. FINAL REPORT
At the end of the Project, the National Project Director, assisted by the Technical Adviser, will elaborate and submit to the Shilat authorities the Final Report which will:
review the present status of the Anzali Lagoon with respect to its abiotic environmental characteristics, biological diversity, production potential, fish and crayfish stock assessment, fishery exploitation, pollution sources and pollutant levels, impact of the rise in the Caspian Sea and the effects of the irrigation water uptake;
assess the lagoon importance for the fish and crayfish stocks, with particular reference to migratory species, and
give recommendations for the ecologically sound and economically viable management measures of the long-term fishery development and rational utilization of the fish and crayfish resources of the Anzali Lagoon.
APPENDIX I
CATCH AND EFFORT FORM
| Type of net: | Locality: | Date: I | |
| F | |||
| Weather: | Temperature: | Air: | |
| Water: | |||
| No. of nets (Tl in gill nets | Hours of fishing (no. hauls in beach seine | Total catch (all species (n/kg) | |
| Species | Catch by species (n/kg) |
APPENDIX II
GUIDE TO THE CATCH AND EFFORT FORM
Type of nets: cast net, drift net, gill net, haul seine (beach seine), lane net;
Locality: main localities should be as follows: Anzali-roga, Nahang-roga, Rashtakaleh-roga, Sowsar-roga, Pasikhan, Pirbazar, Bahambar, Torbakaleh, Siahdarvishan. In the lagoon (western part only) the following three regions are recognized: eastern region (ER) - from the Anzali stream to the perpendicular from Bashm to the southern bank, middle region (MR) from Bashm up to the southern bank delimited by the line Gluga-Turbetar, and the western region (WR) formed by the remaining part of the lagoon.
Temperature: to the nearest grade in °C; afterwards introduce the hour at which temperature has been measured (e.g. air 23) (06.20) water 22 (11.30). Both air and water temperatures should be measured at the same hour.
No. of nets: number of nets counted introduced by short perpendicular
bar (1). Fifth bar crosses the fourth previously given box containing
five nets of the same type 
. Drift nets should be recognized as
being long (towed by two boats) and short (by one boat only). The latter
should be marked by perpendicular and oblique bars respectively (i.e.
111;///), writing the latter at the beginning of “No. of nets …..” box
and the former at its lower line (i.e. 
). For gill nets introduce
the total length (Tl in metres) of a particular net, or a panel of nets
forming one continuous line regardless of its shape. With gill nets do
not make bars as particular figures represent a separate net, e.g.,
150:25.
Hours of fishing: total amount of hours (to the nearest half hour) spent in fishing a particular net, e.g., 3, 4.5, 72, 16.5.
Total catch: is the sum of all specimens and their total weight respectively, written to the nearest tenth of kg., e.g., 342 specimens weighing 12.3 kg: write 342/12.3.
Species: supply the scientific name of a species (or substitute the Iranian name after returning from the field). See particular sheet for scientific name of fish.
Catch of particular species: similar to item 6, but only a particular species number (n) and weight (kg) is considered, which should be written into a particular species box, e.g., Carassius auratus: 73/5.3; 223/15.8.…; Esox lucius: 1/0. 35: 12/6.8.
APPENDIX III
List of species of fishes found or expected to be find in the Anzali Lagoon
| Scientific name | Iranian name |
| Family : Esocidae | |
Esox lucius |  |
| Family : Cyprinidae | |
Abramis brama |  |
Abramis bjoerkina |  |
Alburnus sp. |  |
Aristichthys nobilis |  |
Aspius aspius |  |
Barbus brachycephalus |  |
Carassius auratus |  |
Chalcalburnus chalcoides |  |
Ctenopharyngodon idella |  |
Cyprinus carpio |  |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix |  |
Rutilus frisii |  |
Rutilus rutilus |  |
Scardinius erythrophthalmus |  |
Tinca tinca |  |
Vimba vimba |  |
| Family : Siluridae | |
Silurus glanis |  |
| Family : Poeciliidae | |
Gambusia affinis |  |
| Family : Percidae | |
Perca fluviatilis |  |
Stizostedion lucioperca |  |
(syn. Lucioperca lucioperca) | |
| Family : Mugilidae | |
Liza auratus (syn. Mugil auratus) |  |
Mugil cephalus. |  |
APPENDIX IV
LITERATURE AVAILABLE IN BANDAR ANZALI (SFRTO)
Chugunova, N.I., 1963. Age and growth studies in fish. (Translation from Russian). Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 132 p.
Cushing, D.H., 1970. Fisheries Biology. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Milwaukee & London, 200 p.
Elliott, J.M., 1971. Some methods for the statistical analysis of samples of benthic invertebrates. FAB Sci.Publ., (25):144 p.
S.D.(ed.), 1967. The biological basis of freshwater fish production. Blackwell Sci.Publ., Oxford & Edinburgh, 495 p.
Kimball, K.D., 1973. A preliminary investigation of Caspian Sea water penetration into the effluent rivers of the Pahlavi marsh. Technical Report. Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, 5 p. (mimeo)
Kimball, K.D. and S.F. Kimball, 1974. The limnology of the Pahlavi Mordab, Iran: a study of eutrofication problems. Human Environment Division, Iranian Department of the Environment, September 1974. 43 p (mimeo)
Kimball, K.D. and H. Shayegan, 1973. A limnological study of the pahlavi marsh and its effluent river system during the year (1971–1972) 1350. Iran Fish.Co., Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, Iran. 41 p. (mimeo)
RaLonde, R. and B. Razavi, 1972. The growth of the white fish Rutilus frisii Kutum of the southern Caspian Sea. Report of the Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, Iran. June 1972, 10 p. (mimeo)
RaLonde, R. and P. Walczak, 1971. Report on the stock composition of the commercial boney fishes of the southern Caspian Sea. Report of the Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, Iran, 40 p. (mimeo)
RaLonde, R., 1971. Report on the stock composition of the comercial boney fishes of the southern Caspian Sea. Report of the Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, Iran Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, Iran, 76 p. (mimeo)
Razavi, B., 1989a. Methods of a stock assessment and age composition of the commercial fishes in the Caspian Sea. Shilat Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Bandar Anzali, 65 p (in Persian)
Razavi, B., 1989b. Stock assessment and age composition of commercial fishes of the southern part of the Caspian Sea. Shilat Fisheries Research and Training Organization, Bandar Anzali, 38 p. (in Persian)
Razavi, B., R. RaLonde, and P. Walczak, 1972. Report on stock assessment and composition of the commercial bony of the southern Caspian Sea. Report of the Fisheries Research Institute, Bandar Pahlavi, Iran, 32 p. (mimeo)
Templeton, R.G. (ed), 1984. Freshwater fisheries management. Fishing News Books Ltd., Farnham, Surrey. 191 p.
Welch, P.S., 1948. Limnological methods. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York-Toronto, 381 p.
White, T., 1987a. Manual of methods for the sampling and measurement of fish. Bandar Abbas, 22 p. (mimeo)
White, T., 1987b. A fisheries statistical monitoring system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Bandar Abbas., 27 p. (mimeo)
APPENDIX V
Fish trap (fyke net)
designs
APPENDIX VI Sampling Stations.
APPENDIX VII
LIST OF EQUIPMENT (TO BE PURCHASED FROM THE UNDP CONTRIBUTION)
| A. | Department of Biology Equipment | Quantity | Catalogue | NO. (TYpe) |
| 1. | LEITZ ARISTOPLAN Microscope composed of the following parts: | |||
| - | Leitz Aristoplan Stand | 1 | LEITZ | |
| - | Lamphousing 103Z | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Sextuple objective nosepiece | 1 | - " - | |
| - | UKO universal condenser with ringstop turret | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Variophot tube | 1 | - " - | |
| FSA-GWR-R 1. 25 tube with second Photo exit | 1 | - " - | ||
| - | Analyser | 1 | - " - | |
| - | ICT Module | 1 | - " - | |
| - | ICT polarizer | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Whole - wave plate | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Fluorescence module with two filter blocks | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Diaphragm module | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Camera shutter unit | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Control unit | 1 | - " - | |
| - | 24× 36 mm interchangable magazine with databack | 1 | - " - | |
| - | Power supply (220 V) | 1 | - " - | |
| - | eyepices: | - " - | ||
| - | GW/10x/26M | 2 | - " - | |
| - | GW/8x/28M | 2 | - " - | |
| - | Objectives; | - " - | ||
| - | PLAPO 4/0.14 | 1 | - " - | |
| - | PLAPO 6.3/o.20 | 1 | - " - | |
| - | PLAPO 16/).40 | 1 | - " - | |
| - | PLAPO 25/0.65 | 1 | - " - | |
| - | PLAPO 40/0.75 | 1 | - " - | |
| - | PLAPO 40/1.00 OEL | 1 | - " - | |
| 2. | WILD Zoom Stereomicroscope with standard objectives set and following items: | 1 | WILD HEERBRUGG | WILD M7S |
| - | Transmitted-light stand EB | 1 | -"- | |
| - | Rectangular incident-light stand | 1 | -"- | |
| - | Low inclined binocular tube | 1 | -"- | |
| - | Inclined binocular tube | 1 | -"- | |
| - | 1899 dual stereo attachment | 1 | WILD HEERBRUG | |
| - | Regulating transformer | 1 | -"- | |
| - | /20W low voltage lamps | 2 | -"- | |
| - | spare lamps 6V/20W | 20 | -"- | |
| - | eyepieces: | -"- | ||
| - | 10X | 2 | -"- | |
| - | 15X | 2 | -"- | |
| - | 20X | 2 | -"- | |
| - | 32x | 2 | -"- | |
| 3. | High capacity top pan balances | 1 | GALLENKAMP Int. | BCS-AGA-010Y |
| 4. | Spring balances: | |||
| - | 100g/1g, with small perforated plate instead of hook | 2 | GALLENKAMP INT. | BAW-200-030Y |
| - | 50 kg/200 g, dial type | 1 | -"- | BAW-420-K |
| 5. | Compression spring balances: | |||
| - | 500g/5g | 1 | -"- | BAW-560-U |
| - | 10 Kg/50g | 2 | -"- | BAW-710-Q |
| 6. | Tally Counter, 5 unit | 3 | -"- | CTL-380-D |
| 7. | Large current flow meter with: | 1 | ELE INT. | EL520-260 |
| - | Suspension equipment | 1 | -"- | EL520-270 |
| - | Sinker weight | 1 | -"- | EL520-272 |
| 8. | Tagging gun with: | 2 | FLOY TAG | MARK II Regular |
| - | needles 7/16" | 4 | -"- | Regular |
| - | needles 7/16" | 4 | -"- | Heavy Duty |
| - | Anchor tags with algaecide legend and numbering (SHILAT 0001–5000), red colour, bare monofilant length as long as possible | 5,000 | -"- | FD-688 |
| 6. | Advanced dissecting set | 3 | GALLENKAMP Int. | DKJ-410-N |
| 10. | All stabilo pens: | GALLENKAMP Int. | ||
| - black | 1 | -"- | LAC-640-010L | |
| - red | 1 | -"- | LAC-640-030F | |
| 11. Scale reading projector | 1 | -"- | ||
| B. | Department of Limnology | |||
| 12. | pH meter, Griffin Model 80 Accessories and spare parts: | 1 | Gallenkamp Int. | PHJ-300-010G |
| - | Temp.robe+ electrode holder | 1 | -"- | PHJ-304-510Y |
| - | Combination electrode | 1 | -"- | PHM-110-030C |
| - | Lead with coaxial plug | 1 | -"- | PHM-140-060S |
| 13. | Gallenkamp pH stick Spare Parts: | 1 | -"- | PHK-120-B |
| - | pH 4 buffer | 2 Packs | -"- | PHJ-815-010Y |
| pH 9 buffer | 2 packs | PHJ-815-030P | ||
| 14. | Gallencamp C19 cooled incubator | 1 | -"- | INL-410-010M |
| 15. | Automatic zero burettes: | |||
| - | 10×0.1 capacity | 2 | -"- | BWJ-390-070U |
| - | 20×0.1 -"- | 3 | -"- | BWJ-390-90X |
| 16. | Brand digital burette | 5 | -"- | BWH-800-04-D |
| 17. | Muffle furnace, Gallenkamp, 9.51 | 1 | -"- | FSE-621-140H |
| Spare parts : | ||||
| - | Muffle for size 2 | 1 | -"- | FSE-624-110M |
| Thermal fuse size 2 | 1 | -"- | FSE-624-300H | |
| - | Thermocouple element | 1 | -"- | FSE-624-320B |
| - | Outer sleeve for fuse and thermocouple | 1 | -"- | FSE-624-340S |
| 18 | Paqualab-water quality testing (Physico-chemical testing unit) | 1 | ELE Int. | EL420-100 |
| pH electrode, gell filled | 1 | ELE Ind. | EL420-100/12 | |
| Sterile filter membrane and filter, set of 200 each | 1 | -"- | EL420-100/18 | |
| 19 | Laboratory dissolved oxygen meter | 1 | -"- | EL525-235 |
| 20 | Laboratory multimeter | 1 | -"- | EL525-206 |
| Spare parts/accessories: combination pH electrode | 1 | -"- | EL513-055 | |
| temperature measurement/compensation probe | 2 | -"- | EL513-057/10 | |
| conductivity cell, K=1 | 1 | -"- | EL513-150/10 | |
-"- -"- , K=10 | 1 | -"- | EL513-151 | |
-"- -"- , K=0.1 | 1 | -"- | EL513-152 | |
| redox electrode | 1 | -"- | EL513-058 | |
| reference electrode | 1 | -"- | EL525-189 | |
| calcium ion selective electrode | 1 | -"- | EL525-190 | |
| calcium membrane kit, set of 3 | 1 | -"- | EL525-190/10 | |
| nitrate ion selective electrode, polymer membrane | 1 | -"- | EL525-191 | |
| nitrate membrane kit, set of 3 | 1 | -"- | EL525-191/10 | |
| potassium ion selective electrode, polymer membrane | 1 | -"- | EL525-192 | |
| Potassium membrane kit, set of 3 | 1 | -"- | EL525-192/10 | |
| sodium ion selective electrode, polymer membrane | 1 | -"- | EL525-193 | |
| sodium membrane kit, set of 3 | 1 | -"- | EL525-193/10 | |
| buffer tablets, 4 pH | 1 pack | -"- | EL525-230 | |
| buffer tablets, 7 pH | 1 pack | -"- | EL525-231 | |
| buffer tablets, 9.2 pH | 1 pack | -"- | EL525-232 | |
| 21 | Portable turbidity meter | 1 | -"- | EL521-012 |
| 22 | Direct reading environmenatal portable water laboratory | 1 | HACH Europe | 41800-05 |
| C. | Phytoplankton-Zooplankton Section | |||
| 23. | Prior inverted microscope | 2 | Gallenkamp Int. | MIB-AHA-010T |
| Spare parts/accessories: holder for 76×26 mm slide | 2 | -"- | MIB-AHA-500C | |
| holder for 88 mm dia. petri dish | 2 | -"- | MIB-AHA-520T | |
| spare bulbs | 20 | -"- | MIB-205-010U | |
| 24. | Stage micrometer graticules: modified Fuchs-Rosenthal ruling | 2 | -"- | MNH-550-R |
| England finder graticule | 2 | -"- | MNH-710-G | |
| 25. | Eyepiece graticules: | -"- | ||
| mm dia., vertical/horizontal scale | 2 | -"- | YSG-620-030Q | |
| 19 mm dia., one square 1 cm sides | 2 | -"- | YSG-640-030C | |
| 26. | Hand centrifuge, 4 place | 1 | -"- | CFB-400-020A |
| Accessory: tubes, 100×16 mm, pack of 100 | 1 | -"- | TES-600-071S | |
| 27. | Tubular plankton chambers of plexiglass base with inserted bottom glass: | HYDRO-BIOS | ||
| 5 ml capacity | 2 | -"- | 435 021 | |
| 10 ml capacity | 2 | -"- | 435 022 | |
| 28. | Plankton tow nets (65 μm mesh) | 2 | HACH | |
| 29. | FKman-Birge bottom sampler 25×25 cm | 2 | HYDRO-BIOS (HACH) | |
| 30. | High intensity microscope lamp | 2 | Gallenkamp: Int. MNE 550-BMNE-570-010 | |
| Accessory/spare part; spare bulbs | 20 | -"- | ||
| D. | National Project Staff | |||
| 31 | PS IBM Computer with: | 1 | IBM | PS2 30-286 |
| - | printer | 1 | -"- | |
| - | hard disc drive | 1 | -"- | |
| - | software including: | |||
| - | word processor | 1 | -"- | |
| - | statistical analysis | 1 | -"- | |
| - | store and retrieval data | 1 | -"- | |
| 32. | Electronic calculator CASIO with graphic display | 2 | Gallenkamp. | CAH-855-TH |
| 33. | Field glasses (binocular) | 1 | ? | |
| 34. | Xerox copier | 1 | ? | |
| 35. | Liquid prismaric compass | 1 | ELE Int. | EL500-100 |
| 36. | Planimeter | 1 | -"- | EL500-140 |
| 37. | Rangefinder | 1 | -"- | EL500-116 |
LIST OF EQUIPMENT (TO BE PURCHASED FROM THE GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION)
| Equipment | Quantity |
| Plastic containers, screwtopped, 25–30 I capacity | 5 |
| Fyke nets (see Appendix V) | 8 |
| Plastic bags, capacity I Kg | 100 |
| Plastic bags, capacity 5 Kg | 100 |
| Field cloth (rubber) | 4 |
| Rubber boots (pairs) | 4 |
| Formaldehyde, 40% | 20 I |
| Rubber gloves (pairs) | 8 |
| Buoys (15–20 cm in diameter) | 20 |
| Rope (Polyamide, etc.), 4–5 mm in diamater | 100 m |
| String | 100 |
| Car (Landrover or Jeep type) | 1 |
| Type-writer (mechanical) | 1 |
APPENDIX VIII
TIMETABLE
| 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| O | N | D | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | ||
| TA 1st mission | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | problem identification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | equipment ordering/delivery | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | compilation of previous data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | training | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | catch and effort census | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | ichthylogical sampling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | limnological sampling | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TA 2nd and 3rd mission | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aquatic Pollution | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consultant mission | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | project revision | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TA/4th mission | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | monitoring fish migrations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NPS training abroad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | data compilation and processing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TA 5th mission | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | data interpretation, evaluation, discussion, recommendations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| - | project reporting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APPENDIX IX
TRAINING POSSIBILITIES FOR COASTAL LAGOON MANAGEMENT
Total time: 10 weeks
Number of persons: 3
Duration of training: 3 weeks per person, with two days for each person for
travelling to and from Italy.
Type of training: guided study tour
Objective: to acquaint the participants with the variety of lagoon management techniques in Italy; this includes both culture and stocking aspects, brackish and marine organisms.
Programme: Orbetello lagoon: laboratories, different types of fisheries, fishery cooperatives, two fish farms. Burano lagoon, Fogliano and Monaci lagoons, Fondi lagoon; also possibility of visiting Policoro fish farm.
Contacts: Dr. G.D. Adizzone, Department of Animal and Human Biology, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy. Dr. Ardizzone is a possible person to prepare a guided tour and accompany the participants.
Preparation will require about six weeks. Exchange of correspondence needed between the potential study tour, scientific leaders (e.g., Dr. Ardizzone) and FAO. Detailed study tour programme to be prepared well in advance and discussed in detail. In FAO, persons to consult: Dr. Mario Pedini.
Recommended Publications
Ardizzone, G.D., S. Cataudella, and R. Rossi, 1988. Management of coastal lagoon fisheries and aquaculture in Italy. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap. (293):103 p.
Chauvet, C., 1988. Manuel sur l'amènagement des pêches dans lagunes côtières: la bordigue méditerranéenne. FAO Doc.Tech.Pêches (290):77 p.
General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, 1984. Report of the Expert Consultation on the management of coastal lagoon fisheries. Rome, 12–14 September 1983. FAO Fish.Rep. (309), 25 p.
Kapetsky, J.M. and G. Lasserre (eds.), 1984. management of lagoon fisheries. Stud.Rev.GFCM, (61), Vol.1:438 p; Vol.2:439–776
