CHAIRMAN: The fifth session of Commission I is called to order. Yesterday when we concluded I mentioned that the delegate from Tunisia had indicated his intention to move a resolution. This was discussed in detail with the delegate from Tunisia, and agreement has now been reached that the Tunisian delegation will not press for a formal resolution but will insist on a strong mention of the need for strengthening the grasshopper and locust control operations in the resolution to be passed by the Commission. This suggestion has been accepted. The matter will be referred to the Drafting Committee.
Malek BEN SALAH (Tunisie): C'est juste une précision: il s'agit de lutte contre le criquet et les sauteriaux, mais essentiellement le criquet pèlerin, parce que vous avez dit "contre les sauteriaux".
Jalaladdin HABIBI (Iran, Islamic Republic of) In the name of God, the Beneficent and the Merciful.
Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the delegation from the Islamic Republic of Iran and myself I would like to express my sincere desire for the proper success of this Commission. I would also like to express my thanks and gratitude to the Secretariat for the preparation and presentation of the valuable document C 87/22.
With regard to the subject of locusts, since it can be a hazardous pest in most of the regions of the world and sometimes can create havoc, it is worth paying more attention to finding solutions for combating ito If the information concerning the situation of this pest in each country were released that would be of great help in controlling disastrous damage well in advance, particularly in cases where the pest appears in a gregarious form.
I should like to explain very briefly about the situation and the economic importance of locusts in Iran.
Locusts in their various native and non-native species have a special place among the insects present in Iran. The very rich flora, different climatic conditions, a long history of cultivation activities, and desert conditions in parts of the country all have joined hands to foster the release and bustle of the locusts at a vast level in Iran. The damage by locusts in Iran is mainly economic in nature and thus every year the scourge by the locusts is being fought over a surface of 100 000 hectares.
The locusts existing in Iranian fauna bear varied economic significance. Their number over the past years has not been the same. Species which in the past had no significance were transformed gradually into economic pests under the influence of various factors. Below some of the important types of these species are described.
Shistocerca gregaria(desert locust): One of the most dangerous migratory locusts, having short antenna, belonging to the family Acrididae, having dangerous presence over 20 percent of the earth's surface, i.e. 28 million Km every year. Its dangers have been noted since early historical times in the vast areas of Africa and the Middle East and it still remains one of the most serious agricultural problems of this region. The locust is omnivorous, winged, voracious and each of them feeds on an amount equal to its weight every day. Thus the havoc caused through the feeding of millions of locusts could assume catastrophic proportions. Although this pest is not of the native type, every few years the southern parts of Iran come under invasion. In July and early August of this year this locust was observed in a relatively aggressive mood in the southeast provinces (Sistan-Baluchistan) where control action was taken over a surface of 4 000 hectares.
Continuous vigilance is being undertaken in the southern parts of the country to inform in advance of the invasion of these locusts so that the measures for fighting them are set up. Apart from this, the importance of establishing contacts and co-ordinating with the relevant international centres is being recognized. The fight against these locusts is chemical in nature. The best method of fighting them is the prevention of the emergence of swarms and the fight against the young locusts. In the fight against desert locusts observance of an economic threshold is not necessary and the fight must be carried out on all the existing swarms so that fresh ones are not created. Also bigger swarms should be fought first.The important factor of the fight against locusts is the creation of a well-planned organization that has enough facilities and necessary information on the locust situation. The method adopted in our country is to a large extent co-ordinated with those in other parts of the world. Dust spraying has no application because of its operational problems. The best means of fighting is the exhaust system. The pesticides used in this method are the persistent cholorinated insecticides such as dieldrin (15-20) percent, which is now being replaced due to its persisting and polluting characteristics.
Dociostaurus maroccanus. This locust is also from the family Acrididae. It is found in almost all parts of Iran and bears grave economic significance, and we have to control them in breeding areas by chemical means.
If this action is not taken on time, agricultural production and pastures would be badly damaged through the feeding of these locusts. Wheat, barley, maize, citrus, dates, fruit and olive trees, forage crops, vegetables, cotton, and vineyards are attacked by this locust.
The other species of this locust are Dociostaurus crossinsculus(found in the northern regions : Gorgan, Moghan; damages barley, wheat, alfalfa and pastures) and Dociostaurus hauensteini(also present in the northern regions; attacks cereals and forage plants).
Calliptamus italicus. This is another important locust which is found in most provinces. This locust is a pest of vegetables and summer crops, and if it becomes aggressive it could cause damage to grains and forage crops. The fight against these locusts is carried out over a vast area. In 1975, hordes of these locusts were observed in the central regions of the country (Qazuin). Investigations show that destruction and the farming activities taking place on dry farms in recent years have led to an annual increase in the population of these locusts, and the changes in the ecosystems have been the reason for the transformation of these locusts from the solitary phase to the migratory phase.
Another species is Calliptamus. barbarus. This locust resembles Calliptamus italicus. It is found in the northern regions of the country (Mazandaran, Azarbaijan) normally living in grasslands. Their colour is grey and they are more resistant to dry conditions than Calliptamus italicus. They live mainly in the area with Poa bulbusaand Salsolavegetation, and they are omnivorous. They have an affinity for the Artermisiaplant and attack crops such as wheat, corn, barley, millet, alfalfa, and fruit trees such as apple, almond and quince.
Locusta migratoria. This locust is found in the sugarcane plantations in Khuzestan, the southern part of the country. They are generally large and they emerge in two distinct phases, individual and collective, and they are active in hot and semi-hot areas. The area infested by these locusts is the largest amongst the Acrididae family. They mainly prefer the humid areas and banks of swamps and feed mainly from the Graminae family. If they are not fought in time, the damage will increase. The plants coming under their scourge other than sugarcane, are sorghum, millet, cotton, watermelon and weeds.
Genus sphingonotus,sub-family oedipodinae, family Acrididae, with two species, Sphingonotus satrapesand Sphingonotus savignig. They are active in the south of Khorassan province and due to their migratory nature, undertake collective flights. They were reported about 30 years ago, but their aggressive mood in Iran and other countries has not been reported. Thus, the study of these locusts would be important. External characteristics: reddish-grey body with dark spots. They fly over dry and desert regions and attack forest trees such as Halozylonand lay their eggs in arid and remote areas. This locust reproduces every year and the adults emerge in the summertime. The reason for the aggressive mood of these locusts, apart from the existence of favourable climatic conditions, is the agricultural activities that cause changes in the environment. Apart from Iran, these locusts have been reported in Iraq, Afghanistan, Soviet Union and Kuwait.
Genus Dericorys, family Acrididae : there are two species, Dericorys annulataand Dericorys albidula. These locusts are present in desert areas of sparse grassland in the north and south-east of the country (Khorassan, Kerman and the central provinces), where the vegetation is comprised of plants such as Tamarisand Alhagiand bushes such as Haloxylonand Salsola. Apart from Iran these locusts have been reported in Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Somalia, northern Yemen, Kuwait, Oman, Afghanistan, southern Soviet Union; They reproduce every year. Hatching takes place in the beginning of spring with five immature stages.
CHAIRMAN: I thank the delegate of Iran for the detailed account of the situation in Iran regarding the various types of locust, their distribution, habitat and life cycles. You are the twenty-third speaker from the floor on the subject.
As mentioned, in view of the agreement reached on the proposal by the delegate from Tunisia I will now close the discussion on Agenda item 6.2, which is "Progress of the Campaign Against Locusts and Grasshoppers".
We now come to agenda item 6.3, namely World Food Day.
The subject is before us for an in-depth review of the effective use of World Food Day and its achievements, what new ideas there should be and the approaches we should adopt.
I would now request Mr. Moreno, Acting Assistant Director-General, Economic and Social Policy Department, to introduce the subject.
R. MORENO ROJAS (Subdirector General a.i., Departamento de Política Económica y Social): El Consejo de la FAO, en su 91° período de sesiones, aprobó que se introdujera el Día Mundial de la Alimentación como un punto a ser tratado durante la actual Conferencia de nuestra Organización. Cumpliendo dicho mandato, la Secretaría ha preparado el documento C 87/29, titulado "Evaluación del Día Mundial de la Alimentación (1981-1987)", a fin de orientar la discusión del tema que ahora nos ocupa.
El 16 de Octubre recién pasado, se realizó en todo el mundo la séptima celebración del' Día Mundial de la Alimentación. Como es de vuestro conocimiento, el tema en torno al cual se organizaron actividades alusivas en más de 140 países miembros de la FAO fue el tema de "Los pequeños agricultores"
Este tema propuesto por el Director General de la FAO recibió la inmediata respuesta favorable de parte de la inmensa mayoría de los Gobiernos aquí representados, que adoptaron medidas para celebrar este Día a través de una cantidad de eventos que tuvieron por objeto destacar, premiar y reconocer los esfuerzos realizados por los pequeños agricultores en todas las regiones para producir los alimentos que diariamente consumimos.
Es un sentimiento extendido en todas las regiones en desarrollo que los pequeños agricultores -hombres y mujeres; propietarios o arrendatarios de pequeñas tierras; aparceros o simples asalariados agrícolas- representan el símbolo de la pobreza en el Tercer Mundo. Son ellos quienes paradójicamente dan una contribución muy significativa a la producción mundial de alimentos, y quienes a cambio de su esfuerzo reciben una retribución económica escasamente suficiente para asegurar su propia sub-sistencia. De allí, entonces, que el Día Mundial de la Alimentación quiso transformarse en una oportunidad única y valiosa para llamar la atención de Gobiernos, de organismos no gubernamentales y de la opinión pública en general sobre la situación que enfrentan los pequeños agricultores.
Es interesante hacer notar el nivel alcanzado este año en la celebración de este Día en los diversos países. En naciones tan diversas como México, Somalia, Panamá, Filipinas, República Dominicana, Uganda, Indonesia, República Centroafricana y Pakistán, los actos centrales del Día Mundial de la Alimentación fueron encabezados por los Presidentes o los Primeros Ministros de dichos países. Los Ministros de Agricultura de la inmensa mayoría de los países miembros de la FAO jugaron un papel de primera importancia en la organización de los eventos realizados este año. El contenido cada vez más sustantivo, más orientado hacia la acción y hacia la educación de vastos sectores de población, es una tendencia positiva que se ha puesto en particular evidencia en el curso del presente año.
A este notable esfuerzo realizado por parte de los Gobiernos, se ha asociado también un número muy significativo de organizaciones no gubernamentales, organismos religiosos, universidades y escuelas, partidos políticos y movimientos de opinión, intelectuales y artistas, medios de comunicación televisivos, orales y escritos, y simples individuos, quienes han unido sus voces y sus fuerzas en este empeño internacional por otorgar a los campesinos pobres de todo el mundo la dignidad que se merecen y por fortalecer la acción solidaria de toda la comunidad internacional para ayudar a poner fin al problema del hambre en el mundo. Según la información que hasta ahora hemos recibido, lo realizado en países como los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, Canadá, Perú, Laos, Arabia Saudita, Togo, Brasil, Italia, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Comoras y República Federal de Alemania, para mencionar sólo unos pocos, es altamente indicativo del salto de calidad dado en 1987 por esta celebración en todo el mundo.
En realidad, muchos son los ejemplos que en estos momentos se podrían mencionar de importantes actividades concretas que fueron desarrolladas este año a nivel nacional. Estoy consciente de que la mención de algunos ejemplos comportaban siempre la injusticia de no mencionar algunos otros que pueden haber sido tan valiosos y significativos como los mencionados. Precisamente para evitar caer en omisiones lamentables es por lo que no deseo detenerme, en esta introducción, en lo que se ha hecho este año para conmemorar en todos los países miembros de la FAO el Día Mundial de la Alimentación. Nos basta por ahora concluir que estas actividades no se reducen a un solo día al año, sino que tienden a realizarse durante todo el mes de octubre, e incluso hay países donde se llevan a cabo a lo largo de todo el año eventos alusivos al Día Mundial de la Alimentación.
Por este motivo, señor Presidente, señoras y señores delegados, quisiera solicitar que en la discusión que se proseguirá a esta introducción, más que referirse a lo realizado este año en vuestros países pongan ustedes el acento en los desafíos que tenemos por delante. Les pido que miremos hacia el futuro con la tranquilidad que nos da saber que hoy, después de 7 años, estamos frente a una iniciativa que ya se ha consolidado en la inmensa mayoría de los países miembros, pero en la cual todos los objetivos por los que fue instituida siguen siendo válidos. Parte importante del documento que ustedes tienen ante sí está destinada a analizar las perspectivas futuras del Día Mundial de la Alimentación. Para la FAO constituyen, un motivo de justo orgullo las grandes realizaciones logradas por ustedes a nivel nacional, pero sigue constituyendo, al mismo tiempo, un motivo de preocupación la gravedad de los problemas del hambre, la malnutrición y la pobreza que afectan a más de 500 millones de habitantes en todo el mundo.
Y es precisamente porque no queremos descansar en los éxitos acumulados en estos años, que planteamos a la reflexión de la comunidad internacional los componentes básicos de ios que creemos debe ser la evolución futura del Día Mundial de la Alimentación. El objetivo final de esta iniciativa es lograr el progreso integral del ser humano y el reconocimiento de todos sus derechos a través de conceptos que tienen un alto contenido ético como son la justicia, la paz, la lealtad, la confianza, y la solidaridad necesaria entre todos los miembros del género humano.
Esta definición moral del objetivo final del Día Mundial de la Alimentación es la que nos permite seguir avanzando en la internacionalización de este Día en todos los países. El hecho de que sea celebrado simultáneamente en más de 140 países no significa que se trate de más de 140 reflexiones separadas e independientes sobre los respectivos problemas nacionales de desarrollo.
Solo a través de la colaboración estrecha entre todos quienes pueden contribuir al logro de este objetivo seguirá creciendo cada ano el impacto internacional del Día Mundial de la Alimentación. La experiencia enseña que la gravedad de los problemas alimentarios exige una acción constante todos los días del año y que, por consiguiente, el Día Mundial de la Alimentación no puede considerarse como una fiesta de un día al año en el que simplemente se recuerda un aniversario. El DMA -es cierto-coincide con el aniversario de nuestra Organización, de cuyas realizaciones todos estamos orgullosos. Pero así como los esfuerzos de la FAO en la lucha contra el hambre no se detienen en ningún momento del año, el Día Mundial de la Alimentación debe hacer hincapié en la continuidad de la acción a través de actividades substantivas y de largo plazo llevadas a la práctica en la totalidad de los países miembros, con este objetivo.
En el documento sometido a vuestra consideración se plantean diversas propuestas relativas a las actividades a nivel nacional, regional e internacional que es necesario seguir desarrollando en los próximos años para poder cumplir con el objetivo final de eliminar el hambre de la faz de la tierra. Me referiré sólo a algunas propuestas que me parecen las más importantes en el documento:
1) Los Comités Nacionales del Día Mundial de la Alimentación deben ser estructuras permanentes que trabajen durante todo el año en cada nación.
2) Cada país debe producir, en la medida de sus posibilidades, sus propios materiales en los idiomas locales, orientándolos hacia grupos sociales específicos: estudiantes, consumidores, pequeños productores, jóvenes rurales, mujeres trabajadoras, etc.
3) Cada vez que sea posible, los Comités Gubernamentales del Día Mundial de la Alimentación deben incluir a las organizaciones no gubernamentales como parte integrante de todo el proceso de coordinación y adopción de decisiones.
4) Deberían organizarse reuniones regionales entre los responsables de las actividades nacionales del Día Nacional de la Alimentación o aprovechar otras reuniones que se realicen de este carácter, en las que se puede incluir el Día Mundial de la Alimentación como tema del programa para facilitar el intercambio de ideas y experiencias a nivel regional, de tal manera que permita, de tanto en tanto, alguna reunión internacional periódica que pudiera tener también efecto a fin de permitir una continua evaluación y planificación del Día Mundial de la Alimentación a través de este constante intercambio de información y de ideas.
Deseo terminar, señor Presidente, afirmando que el Día Mundial de la Alimentación ha demostrado ser un instrumento altamente valioso -a través de la información, la inspiración y la promoción de millones de personas- en la lucha por poner fin al hambre, la malnutrición y la pobreza en nuestro planeta.
CHAIRMAN: Thank you Mr Moreno for the detailed exposition you have given us on the concepts, and also the solutions, which should be considered by this Commission.
Washington ZUÑlGA TRELLES (Perú): Mi delegación ha leído con sumo interés el documento que se nos ha hecho llegar y también ha escuchado muy atentamente las palabras del Asistente del Director General, Sr. Moreno.
Creemos que el documento está muy bien sintetizado en cuanto a las acciones realizadas y coincidimos plenamente con lo que sugiere el señor Moreno en el sentido de intensificar estas acciones de tal manera que tengan una mayor amplitud. Creemos, señor Presidente, que este Día Mundial de la Alimentación debe intensificarse en el mundo porque es muy importante crear un sentido de solidaridad humano en un mundo que, de por sí, es egoista.
Las experiencias, Sr. Presidente, sobre estas campañas me recuerdan un acontecimiento personal. Yo nací en un pequeño pueblo de Los Andes y allí mis profesores nos enseñaron a amar el árbol y en la primavera celebrábamos su día. Ese día nos vestíamos de. campesinos y hacíamos canciones, poesías y composiciones alusivas al árbol, así como obras de teatro, llegándose incluso a conceder premios. Esta campaña promovida por mis maestros prendió tanto, señor Presidente, que me agrada manifestar que todos los estudiantes que compartíamos en aquella época las aulas escolares llegamos a amar mucho al árbol, hasta tal extremo que recuerdo que una vez llegaron a la capital de la República noticias de que un alcalde estaba talando árboles en las bellas alamendas que había a fin de cubrirla con cemento, y en Lima nos levantamos todos los ex-alumnos de esa escuela - inclusive de todo el Departamento - a protestar e impedimos, en parte,que se talaran esos árboles, consiguiendo que esa alameda fuera intangible.
Cosas como estas se pueden hacer a nivel mundial para crear una conciencia, y felicito al Sr. Presidente porque éste sea el objetivo mundial de las organizaciones del Día Mundial de la Alimentación.
Me permito, Sr. Presidente, enviar un Proyecto de Resolución para que sea leído, el cual contiene más o menos las mismas ideas expuestas.
CHAIRMAN: Thank you, the delegate of Peru. We recognize that you moved a resolution, which will go before the Resolutions Committee, and, before the formalities are completed, will come before the Commission.
Augustyn WOS (Poland): This is the first time the Polish delegation has taken the floor. We should like to join other delegates in expressing our pleasure in assuming your chairmanship of this important Commission. At the same time I should like to express the satisfaction of my delegation with the quality of the documents prepared by the Secretariat. In the discussion of later items on the agenda, especially 8, 9 and 10, I shall speak more about the documents prepared for this Conference, but now I shall be brief.
The Polish delegation shares the opinion on the useful role played by the World Food Day in disseminating problems of agricultural development, nutrition and rural issues all over the world, presented in the document so perfectly prepared by the Secretariat.
We support the suggested directions of activities and organizational assumptions, which help the NGOs, national FAO committees and regions to conduct their work.
We note in Poland the increasing interests of different professional organizations, scientific bodies, research centres, and mass media in spreading the ideas of agricultural development, of alleviating hunger and of promoting social and rural development. The Polish FAO Committee will do its best to implement the recommendations proposed in the document before us.
Yiadorn K. ATTA-KONADU (Ghana): I should also like to congratulate the Assistant Director-General on the quality of the paper, and I wish to place on record my delegation's support for the objectives and ideals defined for the World Food Day programme. Members of my delegation, having been closely associated with the planning and grass roots implementation with the FAO World Food Day celebrations since 1983, cannot help but register our total endorsement of the objectives of the programme.
World Food Day, set up by the FAO Conference, is a day on which world food problems, hunger and malnutrition, are sharply brought to public awareness in order to develop a sense of national and international solidarity in the fight against hunger and malnutrition and to stimulate practical action towards the elimination of these scourges. Relevantly, the celebration also affords Member States of the FAO an excellent opportunity of knowing what the FAO stands for, what it is, what it has accomplished since its foundation, the dynamic policy directions initiated since 1976, and the challenges which the Organization faces in its resolve to eliminate hunger and malnutrition.
Since its inception, the FAO has led a sustained frontal assault on hunger, malnutrition and rural poverty, working over the years towards raising the levels of nutrition and standards of living, improving efficiency in the production and distribution of food and agricultural products, improving conditions of rural population, and responding in a very responsible way to crisis situations, including locusts and grasshopper infestation, droughts and floods. During the past twelve years we have, no doubt, witnessed practical demonstrations of FAO's effectiveness in dealing with the practical problems of the farmer.
On World Food Day, Member States of FAO, through their national World Food Day committees, regional organizations, Ministries responsible for agriculture, NGOs, academic institutions, schools and colleges plan various activities, including special radio and TV programmes, film screenings, symposia, seminars and exhibitions to bring home to their citizens the importance of the occasion and thereby urge them to support the programmes of the FAO.
Ghana has over the years, in collaboration with the FAO Regional Office in Accra, been celebrating the occasion responsibly. There is always an ad hoccommittee set up to mark the occasion in a manner befitting Ghana's status as Africa's regional headquarters of the FAO. Last year, for instance, emphasis throughout the celebration was on the role of "fishermen and fishing communities". Activities planned for the occasion, which were preceded by a nationally televised press conference, included a special "What do you know?" programme, a symposium, an exhibition, and a field trip to a typical fishing village on the Volta Lake where two self-help rural development projects were commissioned. This year the theme was "small farmers". One important activity added was the organization of a Farmers' Forum in a typical rural town that drew together about 70,000 small farmers.
Among themes that have been focused on in the past are "Forestry in Agriculture" and "Women in Agriculture". These were proposed because of the immense contribution these sectors make to the development of agriculture and which the world as a whole has failed to recognize or, at best, has given •not enough attention to.
It is remarkable to observe that until two or three years ago the extent of women's contribution to food production was generally underestimated and certainly undervalued Policy-makers always assumed that it was only men who did the cultivation or the catching, processing and marketing of fish, while women were concerned only with the household chores. In line with this thinking, development assistance was steered toward the male component of the target groups. It is of interest to note that since 1984 when the FAO chose "Women in Agriculture" as the theme for that year's World Food Day celebration, donor countries and organizations and governments have started to pay greater attention to the role and status of women in agriculture, among others. The same goes for "Forestry in Agriculture" which was the theme for the 1985 celebration. Likewise, it has turned attention to the development of forestry in agriculture and deforestation and afforestation.
These are very healthy developments, and the FAO efforts should be sustained. My delegation would recommend increased flow of resources to support the programme.
In. conclusion, paragraph 6 of document C 87/29 makes reference to the objectives of the World Food Day as set out in paragraph 5 and concludes that of the six objectives mentioned the one which has been most throughly complied with is the first one, but I may add that, because of the importance which African government's, my country and the FAO Regional Office in Accra attach to the World Food Day programme, objectives (b), (c), (e) and (f) have been seriously accepted for implementation. For instance, activities of this year's World Food Day celebration in Ghana included a round table conference which brought together most of the English-speaking countries in Africa for a dialogue on the problems of small farmers.
Therefore, it is the contention of my delegation that all future activities for this programme should be supported and, if possible, there should be increased flow of resources to support the programme.
Moses Mike MUKOLWE (Kenya): Kenya has participated in the World Food Day celebration since 1981 and has also played host to the regional observance in the past fot the African region. I am grateful to Mr. Moreno for his presentation and for the document before us, C 87/29, and all the information that has already been given.
I shall not go into details of the functioning of the National World Food Day Committee in Kenya, but would just emphasize here that we support the essence of going right to the grass roots, and that is the people, the target groups, that we need to involve and the wider dimension of groups that we need to involve in giving information on the gravity of the world food situation.
We have found, from our own experience, that the venues that are chosen at district level in the rural areas are the right place at which to launch our information regarding food. We have found that the visitors we invite and the local guests who normally come to those venues find it very informative. They rediscover what has been lost in the past - that is, the traditional food dishes. They also see the local storage, preservation and home management. Government departments also take the opportunity to show in a very small way how they operate, and this helps to induct the people into the information that we need to pass to them.
In Kenya we hold regular agricultural shows throughout the country. These shows are normally well attended, and we pass our information on to the public. This is also a very good forum for dissemination of information regarding food production and food problems.
We also feel very strongly that the involvement of the NGOs is part and parcel of our Organization. At the moment we have in Kenya the Kenya Freedom from Hunger Council for National Development which was started in 1964 and which has played a very significant role in mobilizing financial resources to support development in the rural areas. This particular organization works closely with us and it is an institution which we can strengthen, to be able to facilitate the flow of information to as many of the target groups as possible.
The document before us emphasizes the question of creation of new ideas. It also looks at the long-term involvement of the World Food Day as such and it helps, in Mr. Moreno's words, to give peace, loyalty and confidence to the small farmer which are so important. It qualifies the national philosophy in Kenya at the moment, namely "Nyayo", which means "peace, love and unity". I would imagine that if the world converged on this issue of peace, this would be the beginning.
The meeting rose at 10.30 hours
La séance est levée à 10 h 30
Se levanta la sesión a las 10.30 horas
