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GENERAL DISCUSSION (continued)
DEBAT GENERAL (suite)
DEBATE GENERAL (continuación)

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STATEMENTS BY HEADS OF DELEGATIONS (continued)

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DECLARATIONS DES CHEFS DE DELEGATION (suite)

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MANIFESTACIONES POR LOS JEFES DE LAS DELEGACIONES (continuación)

Yugoslavia, Uruguay, Grenada, Pakistan, Congo, Indonesia, Cuba, Cyprus, Syria, Finland, Suisse, Bulgarie, Yemen, Roumanie, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Uganda.

Dusan STRBAC (Yugoslavia): I have the honour and privilege to present here a statement by Dr Stevo Mirjanic, the Federal Secretary for Agriculture, who participated in the Conference the first two days.

Honourable Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen.

On behalf of the Government of my country and in my own name, I wish to greet this Twenty-sixth Session of the Organization for Food and Agriculture and to wish it successful deliberations and a fruitful outcome.

First of all, I would like to point out that since the last General Conference the world has witnessed deep and far-reaching changes in international relations. Central and East European countries have launched radical changes of their political and economic systems. In my country those deep changes are reflected in the overall social and economic system but with some adverse consequences.

In conditions of the on-going development of economic relations and the increasingly expressed interdependence prevailing at the global level, the United Nations and the entire system of their numerous organizations and agencies are acquiring ever greater importance and role. Among them FAO occupies a prominent position.

Therefore, the FAO should become an even more important and solid framework for dealing with all the vital issues related to agriculture and food of interest to the international community.

The increase in the world agricultural output over the past two years has not led to an improved situation with respect to nutrition. The discrepancies between output and food consumption in the world are still evident. Heightened intensity and continued growth of agricultural production in the industrialized countries brings about the creation of significant agricultural surpluses, threat to the environment and an increase in funds for subsidizing agriculture on the whole. Developing countries on the other hand are facing the problems of agricultural underdevelopment, inadequate nutrition, and even hunger. The major responsibility for agricultural development in line with the national priorities and programmes rests with those countries. However, success will depend very much on the activities at the international level and their harmonization.

information policy and technical cooperation programme. Supporting such a programme, I have to point to the need that efforts should be invested at this session again with a view to achieving maximum cost rationalization in the Organization's work, without threatening its efficiency and quality of work. A certain reduction of administrative and personnel expenses, reducing the number and shortening the duration of its meetings, reallocation of resources within the regular budget, are but a few possibilities to adjust the FAO budget to the actual potential of the member countries with respect to the payment of their contributions.

The time does not allow me to go into other equally important topics on the Agenda of this Conference. The Yugoslav delegation will actively participate in the discussions on the other items of the Agenda.

However, I would like to take this opportunity to turn your attention to the expectations from FAO, not only of Yugoslavia but particularly of a large number of the less developed countries. In the cooperation so far, a very frequent cause for the insufficient utilization of the available FAO potential was the inadequate organization of the member countries for using all forms and possibilities of cooperation. Therefore, in the coming period, FAO, and above all its Regional Office for Europe, should direct its assistance towards creating basic prerequisites which will help countries in preparing and implementing their respective agriculture development programmes in line with their potential conditions, social and economic relations and priorities. In that context, assistance is needed in the following fields:

- preparation of studies and analyses on the possible directions in the reform of agriculture related legislation, advisory services, marketing, and agricultural environment protection;

- transfer of technology and know-how, especially of new technologies adjusted to the environmental protection demands, by means of organizing workshops, meetings and through the exchanges of experts and professional documentation;

- providing initial financial assistance through Technical Cooperation Programme and professional realization of FAO projects by funding on the part of the international financial institutions.

Finally, a more active dialogue within the framework of FAO is necessary in the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations in the framework of agriculture.

With a view to achieving a successful realization of the FAO programme, we think that stronger links among the international organizations and a better coordination of work is necessary not only in the framework of the United Nations system but also within the relevant financial organizations. That would lead not only to a more rational utilization of resources, but also to the harmonization of economic and environmental principles and increased agricultural production, i.e., to the ultimate resolution of the problems of malnutrition and hunger.

If we bear in mind in particular the objective of establishing a new international order - the world of economic development and prosperity - which, we cannot but admit, is incompatible with poverty and stagnation of

entire regions, wherein as a rule the most numerous are developing countries, the role and the importance of FAO becomes even clearer.

Last but not least, allow me, Mr Chairman, to express my confidence that the Twenty-sixth FAO Conference will give a substantial contribution to the strengthening and further affirmation of this Organization in resolving fundamental problems of the world in the field of food and agriculture.

Thank you Mr Chairman.

Gustavo FERRES PACHECO (Uruguay): Sr. Presidente, Sres. Vicepresidentes de esta vigésimosexta Conferencia de FAO, Sr. Director General de la FAO, Sres. Ministros y jefes de Delegación, señoras y señores.

Deseo en primer lugar manifestar la satisfacción del Gobierno del Uruguay, que tengo el honor de representar en esta ocasión, en participar de tan importante evento y trasmitirles al Sr. Director General, a la Secretaría General y al personal de la FAO en general nuestro deseo de que esta Conferencia se desarrolle a través de una fructífera labor de cooperación y concordia entre nuestras naciones y sus conclusiones permitan contribuir a un avance real en el cumplimiento de los objetivos de la Organización.

Expresamos nuestro reconocimiento a la tradicional hospitalidad y amistad del pueblo y Gobierno de Italia que nos alberga y nos guía. Señores, Sr. Presidente, nos convocan hoy aquí temas que están presentes desde el proceso fundacional del Organismo, como el del hambre y el de la agricultura como elemento clave para erradicarla y mejorar los niveles de alimentación, y temas cuya importancia y trascendencia han comenzado a ser reconocidos relativamente hace pocos años, como el del manejo sustentable de los recursos naturales y el aprovechamiento integral pero no degradante de los ecosistemas mundiales. Y nos convocan en unos momentos especiales y cruciales para la humanidad y para nuestros pueblos, en los cuales cada vez más las poblaciones reclaman de sus gobiernos y de la comunidad internacional de naciones que se dé solución al problema acuciante y angustiante que sigue golpeando nuestras economías como es el problema del hambre y el problema de la diferencia de desarrollo entre los países, el problema de la abundancia y la escasez.

El mundo atraviesa circunstancias sumamente especiales marcadas por el fin de un milenio, en el cual emprendimientos como el de la FAO y otros organismos internacionales han buscado a través de décadas lograr solucionar estos problemas que hoy siguen angustiando al hombre. Se caracteriza este fin del milenio por la tercera revolución tecnológica, por una globalización de la economía mundial a través de los progresos de la cibernética y de las comunicaciones, así como por los acelerados procesos de integración económica y lo que es aún más reciente, por la desideologización mundial, por el fin de la Guerra Fría, tantas décadas atravesando estos procesos que no han logrado solucionar, como decíamos al principio, los problemas reales de la humanidad.

Entonces, señores, la pregunta es: ¿cómo acompasar el inicio de un nuevo milenio y cómo lograr derribar las barreras que separan a los hombres y a los países entre la riqueza y la pobreza, entre la nutrición y la desnutrición, entre las enfermedades? Todos esos problemas siguen planteándose y a ellos debemos dar respuesta hoy más que nunca, haciendo un balance de cuál ha sido el resultado de nuestra acción comunitaria. Todo

ello nos lleva a repensar en la contribución que nuestros países pueden y deben hacer, procurando conseguir que del mundo desaparezca el hambre, la desnutrición, en la hora presente pero también como legado a las generaciones futuras, que, si bien es diversa, es significativa, sin importar el tamaño de cada país.

Por eso queremos brevemente reseñar qué contribución está realizando y realizará nuestro país, así como apuntar algunos aspectos políticos de suma relevancia que entendemos deben centrar la atención de toda la comunidad internacional para asegurarnos de que el nuevo milenio va a permitir consolidar los temas del mundo, en el cual el progreso beneficie a todos, y se haga realidad el anhelo de una justicia social universal, tan proclamada pero tan difícil de alcanzar. Para ello no alcanzan comprensiones voluntaristas, al contrario, debemos seguir contribuyendo al crecimiento real de las economías para lograr aplicar políticas distributivas que atiendan a las necesidades básicas de los pueblos y de nuestros sectores sociales más carenciados.

Uruguay históricamente ha realizado una contribución neta positiva para satisfacer las necesidades alimenticias no sólo de su población sino de muchos países del mundo, al tratarse de un exportador y productor neto de productos agropecuarios.

Sus niveles productivos alcanzados respondieron básicamente al aprovechamiento de la excelencia de sus recursos naturales y a las ventajas comparativas que los mismos determinaron en el comercio mundial. Pero hoy nos encontramos, como ha sido ratificado en este foro a través de los discursos de casi todos los delegados participantes, con un mundo donde estos principios se encuentran estancados, retenidos por barreras opuestas al comercio, por barreras que derriban la posibilidad de competir en base a nuestras ventajas comparativas y competitivas; se les niega a los pueblos la posibilidad de desarrollar sus producciones y de mejorar así el nivel de vida de sus poblaciones, de lograr el crecimiento real de sus economías; se les niega, en un comercio distorsionado, plagado de prácticas desleales que lo hacen inviable, la posibilidad de un desarrollo sostenido agropecuario como hemos venido proclamando aquí, en este foro.

Frente a ese panorama, ¿qué cosas venimos haciendo?

Nuestro país ha venido aplicando medidas de política macroeconómicas y sectoriales que apuntan en lo esencial a revalorizar el rol del sector privado en el desarrollo económico; a redimensionar y modernizar el Estado; a reorientar sus funciones de forma que se constituya en un estímulo y no en un freno al desarrollo; a crear las condiciones que permitan la inversión y, en consecuencia, un desarrollo autosostenido; y, específicamente, en cuanto al sector agropecuario, a reducir la discriminación que históricamente ha sufrido y, consecuentemente, a incrementar sus ventajas competitivas. Pero de nada servirán estos esfuerzos si no encontramos la contrapartida de los grandes mercados de los países desarrollados, de los mercados del mundo, que puedan abrir sus puertas a la posibilidad de colocar nuestros productos agropecuarios, que permita hacer realidad la reinversión en el sector agropecuario y rentabilizar el aumento de la producción como forma de satisfacer las necesidades alimentarias del mundo.

A efectos de superar el estancamiento del sector al que no se ha visto ajeno nuestro país, el Gobierno viene poniendo énfasis en la investigación

tècnica, la generación y adaptación de tecnología, y su transferencia hacia los productores, procurando la diversificación productiva y la modernización empresarial. La transferencia está orientada hacia la producción hortifrutícola, la ganaderia intensiva, el desarrollo forestal, la conservación y recuperación de los recursos naturales y el uso adecuado de los recursos hídricos para riego.

A través de tales medidas, se procura no sólo incrementar la producción y exportación de rubros tradicionales (carne, cuero, lana, granos), sino también, en general, saldos significativos de rubros no tradicionales, en los cuales podamos alcanzar ventajas competitivas. Dicho esfuerzo está siendo apoyado con financiamiento brindado por el Banco Mundial, y programas de cooperación técnica en colaboración con la FAO y otros organismos internacionales.

Quiero hacer una especial referencia a un rubro no tradicional al que nuestro Gobierno ha asignado especial importancia y a cuyo desarrollo ha consagrado especial orientación: el forestal, que es un tema que preocupa en las discusiones de esta Asamblea.

El desarrollo forestal en Uruguay contribuirá al bienestar económico nacional, generando productos que satisfarán la vida y la demanda mundial, y constituirá un aporte sustantivo al mejoramiento del medio ambiente mundial así como a la preservación de los recursos naturales en beneficio de las generaciones futuras.

Nos encontramos abocados a un ambicioso programa de bosques artificiales, con el objetivo de producir madera.

En efecto, en el año 1990 comenzó un plan nacional de forestación que tiene como meta plantar en cinco años 200 000 hectáreas de bosques en suelos vírgenes declarados de prioridad forestal por sus características de baja productividad agrícola-ganadera, su estado actual de deterioro y los rápidos crecimientos forestales que en ellos se obtienen.

Este plan, que es ejecutado en forma total por el sector privado, tiene como objetivo final lograr, a partir de los albores del siglo XXI, una producción sostenida de madera que permita establecer industrias forestales y una fuerte corriente exportadora, primando un criterio de conservación de los recursos naturales implicados.

Como forma de preservar los recursos naturales, también se ha implementado una política de conservación de bosques naturales, cuya población está prohibida por la ley.

Los primeros resultados de esta política son altamente positivos. De una media anual de plantaciones de 2 000 hectáreas, en 1990 se evolucionó a 10 000, y en 1991 se espera se complementen más de 20 000 hectáreas de forestación. Se han aprobado proyectos de inversión que implican la plantación de 65 000 hectáreas y, asimismo, se están instalando industrias de procesamiento de madera con tecnología avanzada que aseguran las posibilidades de comercialización de la producción en mercados sectoriales.

Este plan de forestación cuenta con el apoyo sostenido de la FAO que, en sus comienzos, aprobó un Technical Cooperation Programme para permitir la creación de un centro de semillas forestales y actualmente está ejecutando

un proyecto de apoyo al plan financiado por el Proyecto de Desarrollo de Naciones Unidas y por el Banco Mundial.

Se espera que, a partir de 1992, Uruguay comience la ejecución del Plan de Acción Forestal de la FAO, lo que permitirá delinear diferentes proyectos en materia de producción de madera, apoyo institucional, leña y energía, y medio ambiente, Uruguay participó activamente en el Décimo Congreso Forestal Mundial recientemente realizado en París.

Con gran satisfacción decimos que nuestra política en materia forestal se inserta totalmente en las recomendaciones realizadas en el Décimo Congreso Forestal Mundial en la declaración de París en cuanto al cumplimiento de los siguientes objetivos insertos en nuestra política: asociar las poblaciones al manejo integrado de su territorio; planificar la afectación a largo plazo de las tierras en función de sus potencialidades para definir aquellas que tienen una vocación forestal y estar atentos en esta planificación a las necesidades de las poblaciones involucradas, en particular aquellas que dependen del bosque; contribuir a la fijación del gas carbónico, recurriendo a técnicas silvícolas apropiadas, la extensión de las plantaciones y el empleo perenne de la madera; intensificar el desarrollo de los sistemas agroforestales, las forestaciones y reforestaciones.

Señores, esto es algo de lo que en materia de política forestal y de rubros no tradicionales viene ejecutando nuestro país. Pero queremos referirnos a otros aspectos que también deben merecer la atención de FAO por cuanto su análisis está dentro de los temas que preocupan a la Conferencia.

Uruguay adjudica especial prioridad al desarrollo de su sector pesquero, el cual realiza una contribución importante a su balanza comercial y ofrece empleo a un sector significativo de la fuerza de trabajo. Consideramos que el desarrollo de la industria pesquera a largo plazo depende de una política de administración y explotación regional de los limitados recursos de los caladeros explotados por nuestra flota. El Gobierno ha implementado en el pasado año y medio enérgicas medidas encaminadas a controlar los esfuerzos de pesca y proteger a las especies que habitan su zona económica exclusiva, con un claro sentido preservacionista.

Al mismo tiempo, como lo hemos hecho en otros foros, debemos expresar nuestra preocupación por el significativo incremento de las actividades de flotas pertenecientes a terceros países en el Atlántico suroccidental, tema que debe ser merecimiento de nuestro análisis y de contribución científica para buscar en este terreno las normas necesarias para la preservación de los recursos, que, en definitiva, son patrimonio común.

Uruguay considera que la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar estipula un marco de principios y normas que, si se las aplica debidamente, pueden contribuir a la debida administración de los recursos compartidos. FAO deberá considerar la posibilidad de realizar nuevos estudios sobre la situación de los recursos de la región, los cuales serían un apoyo valioso para los países ribereños. Deseamos también resaltar el derecho prioritario de los Estados ribereños a los recursos que habitan los ecosistemas que ese extienden a sus costas.

En este sector, al igual que en los demás que integran el comercio internacional, propugnamos el principio de la libertad y la abolición de prácticas desleales que afectan a los principios y a las normas

multilaterales del Tratado del GATT. Procuramos fórmulas de cooperación con todos los países basadas en el respeto a la conservación de los recursos pesqueros y a la libertad irrestricta de acceso a los mercados consumidores sin condicionamiento de especie alguna.

Valoramos especialmente el apoyo brindado por FAO para el desarrollo del sector pesquero de nuestro país y confiamos en que habrá de profundizarse la cooperación en el futuro.

Señores, no puede estar ajeno a nuestra intervención en esta Asamblea el tema del comercio internacional, los procesos de integración económica que se están dando en el mundo, en los que nuestro país participa activamente a través de la conformación del Mercado Común del Sur, recientemente creado fundamentalmente con Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay.

Deseamos dejar sentado que la actitud con que Uruguay asume la integración regional es la de dar un paso en el sentido de la progresiva liberalización total del comercio internacional. Nos integramos a efectos de ir avanzando hacia este objetivo.

Uruguay entiende - y así lo ha expresado en todos los foros en que ha podido señalarlo – que debemos alcanzar la liberalización del comercio multilateral y la disminución de todas las distorsiones que lo afectan, como aon el acceso a mercados, las barreras no arancelarias, sanitarias, fitosanitarias, las medidas de soporte interno a las producciones domésticas, fundamentalmente los subsidios distorsionantes a las exportaciones de productos agropecuarios. Dicha libertad constituye una precondición para que los países en desarrollo puedan acelerar su crecimiento y satisfacer la necesidades básicas de sus pueblos y de los pueblos del mundo.

Uruguay desea una vez más enfatizar que apelamos a la voluntad política de todas las naciones para alcanzar éxito en las negociaciones multilaterales de la Ronda Uruguay del GATT, éxito que supone llegar a una acuerdo real y efectivo en materia de libre comercio agropecuario, un acuerdo sustantivo.

Al respecto, cabe referir lo que expresara nuestro país en ocasión de la mesa redonda entre Ministros de Agricultura del Sistema Interamericano y de la Comunidad Económica Europea, que tuvo lugar en la Décima Conferencia Internacional de Ministros de Agricultura desarrollada recientemente en Madrid, España, donde expresamos que los tiempos políticos de la Ronda Uruguay del GATT se agotan y, si la misma debe concluir, al respecto preferimos que no haya acuerdo antes que firmar uno malo que consagre prácticas desleales de comercio internacional de productos agropecuarios hasta bien entrado el próximo siglo.

Hoy, manteniendo la misma firmeza de principios, ratificamos nuestra voluntad negociadora - queremos negociar un acuerdo sustantivo - y nuestra esperanza en que se logre un acuerdo real en materia de libre comercio agropecuario, única forma en que podemos dejar sentado que estamos alcanzando los objetivos que en éste y en otros foros procura la comunidad internacional.

Para ello, en este foro que representa a la unidad de naciones, correspondiente a un organismo dedicado a la cooperación y a la promoción de la agricultura y la alimentación a nivel mundial, deseamos concluir nuestra exposición exhortando a todos los países que apelan a prácticas que

distorsionen el libre comercio de productos agropecuarios, en especial a los desarrollados, a revisar su posición y tener presente que la mejor cooperación para el desarrollo que puedan recibir nuestros pueblos es la contribución a un comercio internacional más justo, libre y transparente. De esa forma, estaremos contribuyendo efectivamente a hacer realidad el Fiat Panis que simboliza la FAO.

Phinsley ST. LOUIS (Grenada): Mr Chairman, Distinguished Delegates, Friends all, it is indeed a great pleasure for me to be representing my country here at this Twenty-sixth Session of the Conference of FAO.

Mr Chairman, on behalf of my country and my delegation let me congratulate you on your election to the Chair of this Twenty-sixth Conference of FAO. Also I should like to congratulate all officers participating in the Conference, and wish everyone a successful and amicable conduct of proceedings.

Mr Chairman, it is with great delight that I welcome the new Members admitted at this Conference, and I refer to Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and the Associate Member Puerto Rico.

Mr Chairman, this Conference takes place as the world is undergoing fundamental changes. Changes in relationship between nations, changes in relationship between people within nations. Are we, Mr Chairman, to treat these changes as threats or are we to treat them as challenges to the development process?

My delegation believes that agriculture provides an appropriate - and certainly in the context of this Conference - a relevant area as we plan strategies to effectively deal with these changes.

In the economic area our small nation was plagued by continuing efforts at adjustments, stabilization and the growth and restructuring of agricultural production - such as bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, crops from agricultural diversification attempts, all of which were subjected to low prices, lack of markets, transport, debt servicing, low access to external monies and the transfer of huge sums abroad for imports of inputs and consumption goods.

Within the period 1980-90 banana production fell from 11 820 to 8 007 tons per year, a fall of over 32 percent, due to Moko disease and other factors beyond our control.

The price of nutmegs during the last 5-year period fell almost 50 percent due to uncertainties on the world market.

In fact we suffered from a complex syndrome of structural imbalances, fiscal deficits and low investment levels, that have resulted in a period of stagnation, inflation and serious consequences for agricultural production capacity.

A review of statistics indicates that self-sufficiency in food declined over a ten-year period.

Mr Chairman, changing world conditions dictate that we rethink our strategies with respect to agricultural development in small island states like ours.

My delegation would like to suggest that in planning a workable strategy for agriculture as we gather here to pool ideas, cognizant that our efforts will lead us far into the Twenty-first century, a number of factors need to be addressed.

Mr Chairman, Grenada's economy is essentially agricultural, accounting for a large percentage of the labour force and contribution to the GDP. Yet our productivity is low. On the other hand, technologies exist which offer opportunities for great improvement in agricultural productivity. These facts, when put in relation to our needs, naturally commit us to a high priority towards agriculture and rural development. Consequently, in the years ahead our programmes will be designed to give that boost to increased production.

We hope to achieve this mainly through conservation of genetic resources and the generation and adoption of technological packages which contribute to this goal.

Mr Chairman, agriculture is basic to the economy and our well-being because of:

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its ability to generate employment

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its potential to earn and save foreign exchange

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its linkage with other sectors - tourism, health, nutrition

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its effects on energy needs

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its impact on the environment.

In the process of restructuring our economy we believe agriculture has a pivotal role.

By the Year 2000 the global population will be about 25 percent above the population of the mid 80s with 90 percent off the increase occurring in developing countries like ours.

Given the competing demand on our meagre financial and human resources, we find it difficult to meet these requirements solely from national resources.

My delegation therefore feels that we as a community of nations gathered here have collective responsibility to ensure that hitherto untapped resources do not disappear from our midst. With our fragile island ecosystem the challenge we face is how to increase food and other agricultural commodities and yet maintain environmental soundness. This is an area where my delegation feel the need for sound and sustainable international cooperation, technical and financial assistance.

Grenada endorses and supports fully the Director-General's initiatives and emphasis on the environment and sustainable development and would further urge for more measures and mobilization of additional resources, to meet the requirements of small countries like ours, which face particular difficulties in maintaining a balance between basic survival needs and the capacity of the natural ecosystem to provide such needs.

Sustainable development implies that national development strategies balance population with available resources.

Fulfilling the needs for agricultural products is a formidable challenge in the context of continued mismanagement of our critical resources (forestry, fauna, flora, soils and water) and is one of the most important tasks facing us, as we deliberate in this Twenty-sixth Conference of FAO. Again recognizing the interdependency of environmental protection, population growth and economic development would be a crucial challenge for us in this august body.

Policy analysis, accounting practices and planning cannot ignore the fact that the planet's stock of natural resources is finite and that the regenerative capability of renewable resources is limited and fast becoming more so with rapid population growth.

As an example, only about 3 percent of the total amount of water on this planet is fresh water and of this amount it is estimated that only one tenth of one percent can be utilized by the population. We need expert help to ascertain the carrying capacity and proper management of land and water use, which could meet not only the sustainability criteria but also the added production and income flow potential embodied in development programmes.

Help to explore new domains for example, small ruminants, plants, pastures and interaction farming systems.

Efforts need to be directed towards the development of appropriate technologies for fragile dry uplands and coastal plains where irrigation is severely limited and farming usually restricted to rainfall patterns.

We need to find ways of producing more food and lowering cost of production.

Some envisaged areas of need would be:

Biological

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Genetics, improved varieties

Chemical

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Increase and proper management of the use of fertilizers, pesticides and developments in veterinary medicine and animal nutrition

Irrigation

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Techniques in order to improve the quality of land and increase crop yields

Technological progress and advances can be obtained only by joint efforts and investments that developing nations would be hard pressed to provide.

International agencies must combine national efforts not only for technology and innovation but more importantly for adopting more appropriate selections of technology.

Such technological advancements will be critical to our ability to face not only the challenges of today but also to take advantage of the future. In the face of changing conditions in the world economy, integration must be redefined within a broader perspective which brings in and coordinates the productive trading and technological aspects of different endeavours.

Within this framework the deepening of the integration process is an imperative for agricultural products from developing countries to better access the protected international markets, for us to attract the lessening financing and investment resources available in general, for us to increase agricultural productivity and to rekindle investment in this sector of the economy.

The theme for the last World Food Day was Trees for Life, and in the spirit of that theme Grenada fully supports the Tropical Forestry Action Programme as emphasized by the Director-General.

Grenada has initiated tree planting programmes in the schools and community through agroforestry programmes. Longer-term population education as regards the environment and coastal management is being developed. We would hope that continuous support from FAO and other cooperating agencies would be forthcoming in order to achieve the full objectives.

My delegation fully supports the efforts to integrate more women in the development process. We believe that gender issues are of central importance. Women play pivotal roles as head of family, in assuring food security, education, nutrition and family stability. In fact, many women are truly resource and environmental managers.

We call for help perhaps in the form of TCP in devising policies and programmes which invest in women, particularly in terms of education and training, the building of a more skilled work force which will help achieve a sustainable equilibrium and improve environmental management where it is most needed at the grass roots.

My delegation welcomes and supports the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides. It is our fervent hope that the prior consent clause would be strictly adhered to by the producer/exporter countries.

My delegation records its endorsement of the Director-General's proposed Programme of Work and Budget of the Organization for the biennium 1992-93. There is need to consolidate the gains of the 1980s and to keep agriculture at the forefront of global issues. These efforts need resources. We hope therefore that there will be consensus during the Conference to endorse the Programme of Work and Budget as proposed by the Director-General.

We support fully the TCP programme but are somewhat concerned about the low level of funding, when one considers that this Programme was especially tailored to help small developing countries with immediate and urgent problems.

We urge that the lapse factor be retained at 3 percent, that the working capital be increased and the special reserve fund be replenished.

Mr Chairman, my delegation applauds the initiative made by the Director-General and the Organization to implement certain programmes despite the financial crises besetting the FAO.

It is therefore our hope that countries with arrears, including ours, make a concerted effort to quickly pay their contributions so that the many needed programmes and services could be implemented in a timely fashion.

Finally, my delegation wishes to put on record its sincere thanks to the Director-General and his Organization for the continued technical assistance, training and projects which were implemented in Grenada during the biennium 1990-91 under the TCP programmes.

Also thanks is extended to the staff of FAO and all those involved in the arrangements for this Conference.

And above all our sincere appreciation and thanks to the Government and people of the host country for their gracious hospitality.

Finally, may I suggest to all delegates that we return to our home countries determined to do all in our power under God to wage a decisive and aggressive international war against poverty, hunger and malnutrition in our world using our land and other gifts that God has given us as weapons in that war against poverty.

Mian Riaz SAMEE (Pakistan): The delegation of Pakistan is proud to have the privilege of delivering its country statement with its distinguished compatriot in the Chair. On my behalf and on behalf of my delegation, I wish to thank all distinguished colleagues present here today for the honour they have bestowed on Pakistan.

My delegation also wishes to acknowledge the exceptional contribution made to the progress and effectiveness of FAO by Dr Edouard Saouma, Director-General of FAO. By virtue of his long association with FAO, including a decade and a half as its Director-General, Dr Saouma has imparted it vigour and direction. We wish him well in tackling the manifold challenges which lie ahead and will continue to work closely with him and his colleagues.

Ladies and Gentlemen, two years ago when we had assembled in this room to deliberate in the Twenty-fifth Conference Session, few of us could have foreseen the monumental political changes that have since surfaced throughout the world. The manner and pace at which the situation has been evolving and the turns it continues to take, makes it difficult to predict a definitive conclusion on the final shape of events. However, there is an optimism and promise for peace and a brighter future for the world.

Nevertheless, the challenges to humanity still remain. Peace has to be sustained, but poverty, hunger and malnutrition continue to afflict the world in ever greater proportions, presenting additional challenges to the world community. The food situation in Africa remains precarious, while millions reside in abject poverty and a state of undernourishment in Asia.

Latin America presents an optimistic face of economic and political change but its progress is hampered by falling international prices for its primary commodities and the awesome burden of its debt. The irony of the situation is that the industrialized world is also passing through one of its slowest periods of economic growth which limits the availability of resources for overseas development and needs. Therefore, we in the Twenty-sixth Conference Session have the responsibility to reflect seriously and soberly in taking appropriate decisions, which would have a beneficial impact on these issues.

The concept of food security in today's world encompasses a broad set of issues relating to agricultural production, rural development and access to food and international trade in agricultural output. Indeed, the world is now in a better position to tackle major food crises than it was in the seventies. There has been significant progress in the world food supply situation, but its uneven distribution still poses a challenge to food security in the wake of population growth, environmental degradation and other economic factors such as external debt, international commodity prices, protectionism and terms of trade. For this purpose, intensive efforts are required to arrest the trend of growing hunger and poverty.

The developed nations can play a key role in providing resources on softer terms to support national programmes aimed at providing food security to the developing countries. Economic adjustment programmes must be designed in such a way as to protect the incomes and nutrition standards of the poor through project approach geared to higher levels of employment and equitable distribution of income. Special attention must also be given to the needs of small farmers to raise productivity. These incentives should include prices, marketing infrastructure, availability of credit, and other inputs at cheaper rates. Towards this end, massive efforts are needed both by the governments, donors and international agencies.

The state of natural resources and environment today is the most important area of concern for the world community. FAO has played an important role in the recent developments that have taken place in this field, but much more needs to be done. Rapid increase of population, inadequate economic growth, and incidence of poverty have a direct bearing on environmental degradation. It is therefore important that environmental concerns are made an integral part of national and global developmental activities.

The world forests are an important part of our ecosystem and constitute a pivotal element in our life support. The conservation and development of these forests rightly remains an important part of our agenda under the report of the Tenth World Forestry Congress.

As usual, the biennial Programme of Work and Budget on which depends the efficacy and effectiveness of FAO's assistance to its Member Nations fares high on the agenda. Four years of continuing financial crises have severely eroded the reserves of FAO and makes it incumbent upon us to restore its capacities by approving a budget of adequate size. While Pakistan notes zero and negative growth budgets, which are retrogressive and unresponsive to the needs that poor and developing countries place on FAO, it welcomes the predominant spirit of consensus with which the budget process has moved so far and would urge all members to endorse the consensus on budget levels emerging from the September 1991 session of the Programme and Finance Committees without encumbering it with further absorption of cost increases.

Mr Chairman, with your permission, I would now like to move to some important developments in Pakistan. The new Government which came into power following elections in Pakistan in November 1990 has initiated radical measures to liberalize the national economy. Trade barriers have been removed, foreign exchange controls withdrawn and public sector industry is being privatized. Efforts are in hand to introduce private management to all sectors of the economy.

Privatization and free trade policies are also being applied to agricultural development in the country. While agro-based industry is being encouraged in the rural areas, input supply and pesticide application is being shifted into private hands. Subsidies on agricultural inputs are being phased out and a greater proportion of operating, management and research costs for irrigation, roads and other rural infrastructure passed on to users. Nevertheless, while this wide-ranging structural adjustment of the economy is bound in close collaboration with the IMF, the Government has to remain cognisant of the objective circumstances of the rural majority of small farmers and working labour. Small land holdings, uncertain markets and financial inability of the government to arrange for necessary agricultural extension support are all constraining factors on the ability of rural people today. The Government is therefore working hard to develop a balanced programme for reducing governmental subsidies and increasing rural incomes.

The Government policy in the agricultural sector is set out in a national agricultural policy which revolves around five key elements: social equity, self-reliance, export orientation, sustainable agriculture and enhanced productivity. The realization of these goals appears to be an uphill task, but the objectives and the accompanying plan of action in the policy have been designed to make it attainable with efficient use of local resources and primarily in collaboration with international agencies like FAO, UNDP, IFAD, ADB, World Bank, etc. To start with, a special budgetary provision of 1 000 million rupees has already been made in the budget for productivity enhancement programme.

Mr Chairman, the various facets of our national agricultural policies and activities will be appropriately highlighted by our delegation in their interventions under the concerned agenda items in the commissions. Therefore, at this stage, it is not my intention to further impose on your time.

In closing, Sir, I would like to note that the nature and importance of issues before this session and its timing may well make it a landmark session. The other day we welcomed the three Baltic Republics and Puerto Rico amongst us. The Conference would be adopting amendments to the world food programme basic texts resulting in an increased and more regionally representative governing body of the Organization. Commission III is also in the process of examining amendments to the basic documents of FAO which could result in the entry of the EEC to membership of the FAO - an historic development. As always my delegation will strive to the utmost in concert with like-minded delegations to advance the purposes and objectives of the Conference.

Auguste Célestin NKOUA-GONGARAD (Congo): M. le Président, au moment où le 21ème siècle frappe déjà à nos portes, au moment où, par ses effets pervers et insoupçonnés, le progrès technologique en arrive même à menacer la survie de la planète, permettez-moi au nom de mon pays, au nom de la délégation qui m'accompagne et en mon nom personnel de rappeler une vérité fondamentale de notre institution: ici on parle de la terre, notre mère nourricière, de ce qu'elle peut nous donner pour nous permettre de vivre et des moyens qu'il nous faut pour la mettre en valeur.

Tel est le destin traditionnel de la FAO.

II nous paraît capital de ne pas oublier cette mission essentielle pour mieux apporter, dans un élan commun et à l'occasion de cette conférence, notre contribution pour que ce destin devienne chaque jour une réalité.

C'est à cette tâche que vont s'atteler mon pays et ma délégation.

Mais auparavant je me permettrai de vous dire sincèrement que ma délégation et moi-même sommes très sensibles à l'accueil chaleureux qui nous a été réservé à notre arrivée ici ainsi qu'aux soins particuliers dont nous sommes entourés depuis que nous sommes en terre italienne.

Qu'il me soit également permis, M. le Président, M. le Vice-Président, de vous féliciter chaleureusement pour votre élection. Nous saisissons également cette occasion pour saluer l'admission des nouveaux membres qui viennent renforcer l'universalité de notre Organisation.

Voici venue l'heure où, ensemble, tous les pays membres se penchent sur le devenir de notre Organisation dont dépend, du point de vue de l'alimentation, l'avenir des peuples du monde entier.

La mission fondamentale de notre Organisation est, nous le savons tous, de libérer l'humanité de la faim. Malheureusement, depuis la création de la FAO, le nombre de mal-nourris dans le monde ne cesse d'augmenter en chiffres absolus. Il était d'environ 500 millions lors de la toute dernière enquête mondiale sur l'alimentation. Aujourd'hui, ce chiffre a très vraisemblablement été largement dépassé au regard de l'effondrement des économies de la majorité des pays membres, d'autant plus que la plupart de ces pays sont des pays pauvres car leurs matières premières sont achetées à vil prix sur le marché international; ils n'en tirent de ce fait aucun profit.

A cela, il faut ajouter la sécheresse, l'endettement écrasant et la diminution de l'aide publique accordée par nos partenaires dans le cadre de notre développement.

Tel est le cadre contraignant dans lequel chaque pays, aujourd'hui, doit gérer sa politique agricole et essayer de résoudre l'épineux problème de la faim.

Vous comprendrez cependant que la délégation congolaise ne puisse passer sous silence, devant ce grand forum où se trouvent réunies les grandes sagesses et compétences du monde agricole, l'événement qui a marqué la vie nationale de mon pays, à savoir, la Conférence nationale souveraine.

C'est à partir de ce grand forum national, pacifique et responsable que notre pays a entrepris de reconsidérer sa politique de développement agricole.

Hier, sous le monopartisme, le développement agricole dans notre pays était basé sur les entreprises et les fermes d'Etat en direction desquelles l'essentiel des moyens financiers était consenti, malheureusement sans grand succès.

Aujourd'hui, grâce à l'avènement de la démocratie qui permet une plus grande libération des énergies et une meilleure expression des potentialités, le Congo, mon pays, a résolu d'intégrer véritablement le privé au processus de développement agricole.

Cette intégration est aujourd'hui incontournable, tant au Congo que dans la plupart des pays en développement.

C'est pourquoi nous souhaitons que des initiatives relatives à l'aide aux privés du secteur agricole soient prises par notre Organisation. Cette aide, nous en convenons, serait évidemment et naturellement consentie sous le contrôle de l'Etat pour que les experts de la FAO, même en conseillant les privés, continuent à jouir de leur statut diplomatique.

En clair ce que nous voulons c'est libéraliser l'activité agricole et faire que la FAO puisse orienter et aider conjointement, dans la mesure de ses possibilités naturellement, aussi bien le secteur public que le secteur privé.

Dans cet ordre d'idées, je ne saurais passer sous silence les nombreux avantages qu'offre mon pays au secteur agricole. En effet, dans le souci de promouvoir le développement agricole national, des mesures concrètes et incitatives ont été prises en direction des opérateurs du secteur agricole. Il s'agit tout particulièrement de l'exonération des droits et taxes douaniers à l'importation des équipements et intrants agricoles.

Il s'agit aussi de la réduction de 20 pour cent du tarif de transport par chemin de fer.

Pour notre Organisation, à tous les niveaux, des approches nouvelles doivent être imaginées, notamment en ce qui concerne la mise en place des mécanismes de régulation du marché international des produits agricoles, de rémunération équitable des matières premières d'origine agricole ou d'aide multiforme au développement.

Voilà à notre humble avis des voies que devrait explorer notre Organisation en vue de demeurer toujours cet instrument d'aide et de progrès au service de l'humanité.

Sur le plan des relations inter-Etats, le Congo encourage toute démarche destinée à renforcer notre Organisation.

C'est ainsi que la demande de la CEE en vue d'intégrer la FAO a été favorablement accueillie par notre pays. C'est pourquoi nous lançons, du haut de cette tribune, un appel fraternel à tous les pays membres de notre Organisation, et plus particulièrement à ceux du Nord, de se dépasser en mettant au premier plan les valeurs séculaires de solidarité et de justice sociale car aujourd'hui l'interdépendance des pays et des peuples du monde est devenue une réalité évidente non seulement entre les peuples riches, par exemple, le Japon et les Etats-Unis, entre l'Italie et la France, entre l'Allemagne et l'Angleterre, mais également entre les peuples du Nord et du Sud.

C'est là enfin le sens profond de notre message, un petit message mais un grand message très profond d'amour, d'amitié, de paix et de fraternité, également un message d'amour pour notre pays, pour notre continent, l'Afrique, et pour l'humanité tout entière.

Syarifuddin BAHARSJAH (Indonesia): I am very pleased and honoured to have the opportunity to address the Twenty-sixth Session of the FAO Conference.

It is most gratifying to me and to my delegation that the stewardship of this Session of the FAO Conference is entrusted to a distinguished leader intimately associated with the work of FAO as well as an eminent representative of Pakistan, a country with which Indonesia has always enjoyed close, fraternal relations.

I take this opportunity to convey our warm congratulations to you and to pledge my Delegation's full cooperation in the discharge of your responsibilities. Your opening address, Mr Chairman, has provided us with important guidelines which will immensely benefit the Conference in achieving its objectives. I would also like to extend my congratulations to the elected Vice-Chairmen.

The Government of Indonesia congratulates the Republics of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia for their having joined FAO as new Members and to Puerto Rico as Associate Member.

The Twenty-sixth Session of the FAO Conference is of particular significance because this Conference is being held at a time when the world is witnessing an atmosphere of international political detente, which will hopefully lead to a greater predilection of all toward development. Amidst this rapid change, however, it is alarming to note that the world food balance is deteriorating further.

All available indications appear to point to a tighter cereal supply situation in the year ahead and that to meet the 1991/92 consumption requirements, world cereals stocks will have to be drawn down sharply.

The economic outlook for the 1990s suggests that the fight against hunger may become more difficult in many parts of the world in the years to come. The continued existence of hunger in the world into the Twenty-first Century is morally unacceptable. It is unacceptable in terms of human suffering and also because it impinges upon development. We must, for that reason, double our efforts to strike at the roots of hunger. These efforts must include, but should not stop at, food aid.

In the Indonesian economy it is obvious that the role of agriculture will remain important for some time to come. Reforms and deregulation in all developmental activities, including agricultural production and trade, are being undertaken with great vigour in the attempt to simultaneously continue pursuing the three objectives of stability, growth, and equity.

Indonesia will continue to do its best to maintain self-sufficiency in rice. Therefore, the development of the agricultural and irrigation networks in Indonesia will continue to enjoy high priority.

We are cognizant that to sustain the agricultural growth momentum, we cannot rely solely on increased rice production, but must incessantly search for new sources of growth. Therefore, efforts continue to be made to enhance the productivity of other agricultural commodities.

As one of the biggest food producing and consuming countries, the sustained drive toward enhancing food-crops production in Indonesia could hopefully be construed as a meaningful contribution towards the achievement of stability and security of the food situation in the region. The Indonesian farmers have been able to express solidarity with their drought-stricken African brethren by sharing with them returns from their bountiful rice

harvests, and by continuing to share the experience gained in rice cultivation. We look forward to further hosting such farmer to farmer visits.

The World Food Programme has grown to become a large development programme within the UN system. It has proven to be very effective in administering food aid at minimum costs. My delegation hopes that the Programme will continue to work as an action-oriented developmental instrument with enough flexibility to adjust itself to the rapidly changing circumstances.

It is in this light that I would like to seize this occasion to express my Government's appreciation to the Executive Director of the World Food Programme, Mr J. Ingram for the wisdom, dedication and the consummate skill with which he has guided the work of WFP during his soon to be completed tenure. My delegation wishes to express their hope that all potential donors will support the Programme so that the pledging target of 1992-93 can be achieved.

Trade is as important if not more important as technical aid to our developing economies. Therefore, discussions on trade taking place in other fora may have implications not only on the activities of FAO but also on our national policies in respect of food production, which falls more appropriately within the competence of FAO, and trade in agricultural products which falls within GATT.

My delegation believes that there is an urgent need for a dynamic trading system that provides exports from the developing countries with greater access to market in industrialized countries.

Paradoxically, however, while many developing countries, including my own, are at present unilaterally liberalizing their trading regimes, many developed countries are indulging in managed trade and increasing their tariffs and non-tariff barriers. My delegation further believes that the only credible option for generalized prosperity and development is by means of a truly open and credible multilateral trading system. It is therefore my earnest hope that the contracting parties, in particular the major trading nations, will grasp at the opportunities being currently presented to bring the Uruguay Round to a successful conclusion.

Another important development sector that calls for our serious consideration is in the field of commodities. Bearing in mind that they constitute the main economic resource of many developing countries, it makes very good sense to explore and strengthen the extant international commodity policy measures. More active participation by all parties in producer/consumer fora should be further encouraged and strengthened.

Let me use this opportunity Mr Chairman, to state that it would be mutually beneficial for all parties concerned if the industrialized countries would actively participate in strengthening the Common Fund for Commodities.

Some weeks ago all nations celebrated the eleventh World Food Day under the theme of Trees for Life.

The threat of irreversible environmental destruction and its impact on mankind's well-being and on development has become a major international concern.

My country, Indonesia, which has always been fully supportive of the pressing need for environmental protection, believes that in this undertaking a balanced approach should be preserved.

As an issue affecting the entire international community, global in scope and impact, it is imperative that environmental problems be addressed on the basis of equitably shared responsibility and that it does not become a new bone of contention between the North and the South. Neither should it be made an added conditionality in the context of development cooperation.

For the developing countries, overcoming the problems of poverty and population pressures will be essential if they are to pursue environmentally sound and sustainable development.

Indonesia deems it a blessing and at the same time recognizes a special responsibility in being the custodian of vast and prolific tropical forests. Indeed, we are doing our utmost within our limited material and technological capabilities to guard against their depletion and to preserve their wealth of bio-diversity.

We should note, however, that not only tropical forests but, for differing reasons, boreal and temperate forests are under serious threat as well. Hence, in pursuing sustainable forest management that would allow for their preservation and their economic utilization, a global cooperative framework needs to be developed.

We trust that the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Brazil next year will adopt a comprehensive and balanced approach in addressing the broad spectrum of issues on its agenda, including those on climatic change and on hazardous and toxic wastes.

My delegation welcomes warmly the recommendations regarding Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development (SARD)'s agenda for action. I wish to use this opportunity to express my Government's appreciation to the Government of the Netherlands and to the FAO for their assistance and cooperation in making the International Conference on Agriculture and Development held in s'Hertogenbosch, April 1991, a very successful one.

The problems of sustainability, growth, and poverty alleviation are most acute in the Asia and Pacific Region; these arise mainly from intense population pressure and high incidence of rural poverty. Therefore, urgent action is needed to develop and implement a strategy for SARD with the alleviation of rural poverty as its basic objective.

My delegation hopes that UNCED will devote full attention to SARD as a key topic in order to mobilize all possible support for this vital sector in meeting basic human needs while preserving the environment.

My delegation welcomes the progress report on the implementation of Resolution 7/89 regarding the Plan of Action for Integration of Women in Development. Not only does my delegation support FAO's plan of action but has, in fact, already taken various practical steps to facilitate the implementation of this Programme.

Efforts should continuously be made to ensure that gender aspects be systematically introduced in policy-oriented studies, advisory services and various follow-up activities. In other words, every effort should be made to integrate women fully into development.

The consideration of the biennial Programme of Work and Budget of FAO, in our view, is very important. We appreciate the efforts of the Director-General to present to this Conference a realistic Programme of Work and Budget prepared in line with the advice of various FAO technical bodies as well as the Programme and Finance Committees. Therefore it deserves our support.

We do realize the constraints behind the proposed 1992-93 Programme and hope that future programmes of work and budget would be much larger. The increased allocation to TCP is welcome as this programme has enabled FAO to respond quickly to urgent needs in the past.

However, I note with concern that its share in the overall Regular Programme budget is below the expectations of Conference Resolution 9/89 - a trend that needs to be reversed in the future TCP appropriations.

My Government welcomes the intention of a Regional Economic Integration Organization (REIO) to become a member of FAO. With regard to the amendment of the Basic Text and Rules of Procedure of FAO, my delegation hopes that a consensus solution can be achieved so as to pave and ensure the ways for the REIO's full participation in the work of FAO.

Finally, Mr Chairman, as history has witnessed the remarkable role of FAO in assisting the developing countries' agricultural development, I wish to appeal that all members should make their best efforts in maintaining FAO's capabilities in the discharge of its task in the future.

It is undeniable, however, that all efforts to enhance the role and improve the functioning of the UN agencies, including FAO, will come to naught unless underpinned by the commensurate commitments and support. The FAO can only be as effective as its members will allow it to be and can only succeed if its members are committed to make it succeed.

I rest confident that all of us share these concerns and will leave no stone unturned in the pursuit of our common objectives.

I thank you, Mr Chairman.

Adolfo DIAZ SUAREZ (Cuba): Señores delegados, permítanme en primer lugar, felicitar al Sr. Presidente, Malik Abdul Majid, y expresar nuestra felicitación a los Vicepresidentes elegidos para presidir este 26º período de sesiones de la Conferencia de la FAO, y brindarles la seguridad de que nuestra delegación trabajará con la mayor dedicación para contribuir al éxito de la misma.

Asimismo, felicito a los países que han integrado este 26º período de sesiones de la FAO, aprovecho además la oportunidad para saludar y felicitar al Director General de la FAO, Dr. Edouard Saouma, por su labor al frente de la Organización y por su consecuente posición en defensa de los intereses de los países del Tercer Mundo, para los que con justeza ha

pedido, con persistencia y tenacidad, una política de tratamiento diferenciado y preferencial por parte de los países más desarrollados.

En correspondencia con los principios sostenidos por la FAO, nuestro país reitera su pleno respaldo a los objetivos y prioridades de la Organización, y a su batallar en la búsqueda de soluciones para paliar la grave situación alimentaria mundial.

Nuestra delegación considera que la distribución de recursos del Programa de Cooperación Técnica tiene lugar, desde su creación, sobre las bases de una metodología que asegura el funcionamiento abierto y sin discriminación alguna de este importante Programa en la atención de las solicitudes de los Gobiernos y la misma debe continuar rigiendo estas acciones, como una fórmula que contribuye a la cooperación que requieren los países más necesitados para su desarrollo.

La brecha abierta, entre la situación de los países desarrollados y los países subdesarrollados, tantas veces analizada en esta Conferencia, lejos de estrecharse, se ensancha cada día más y aun con las medidas tomadas por el Director General de la FAO y sus colaboradores se hace imprescindible, como lo han declarado varias delegaciones, que los principales contribuyentes liquiden sus adeudos y se incrementen sus aportes hacia la colaboración multilateral.

Asimismo, al destacar la importancia de la colaboración multilateral, espero sinceramente que todos los Gobiernos aquí representados demos nuestro total apoyo al trabajo de la FAO, para que se le deje trabajar sin presiones y pueda ser más útil a la necesidad de todos los países del Tercer Mundo. Dentro del sistema de Naciones Unidas, es justo resaltar el importante papel del Programa Mundial de Alimentos y la labor desempeñada por su Director Ejecutivo, el Sr. James Ingram, en la movilización de recursos de la comunidad internacional, dirigidos fundamentalmente al desarrollo, como la vía más efectiva para el logro de la seguridad alimentaria de nuestros países, sin menoscabo de atender con efectividad y dinamismo las situaciones de emergencia que enfrentan los países más necesitados del mundo.

Sr. Presidente, señores delegados, es evidente que la crisis alimentaria y nutricional que durante las últimas décadas, ha sido puesta de relieve en distintos foros internacionales, y en particular en las conferencias de la FAO, lejos de evolucionar en un sentido positivo, continúa agravándose y como se señaló en el Consejo en su 99o período de sesiones, el ritmo de crecimiento de la producción de alimentos, fue inferior al ritmo de crecimiento demográfico en 67 de los 112 países en desarrollo. La falta de poder adquisitivo de estos países, obstaculiza el acceso a los alimentos, determinando que cada día un número creciente de personas, se vea privada de un suministro mínimo para subsistir.

La grave crisis económica que continúa afectando a los países en desarrollo, no ha tenido, ni se vislumbra, una perspectiva clara de solución, si tomamos en cuenta que la década de los ochenta es universalmente reconocida como una década perdida para el desarrollo y hoy, Sr. Presidente, ni siquiera existen planes y estrategias concretas, para revertir el proceso de deterioro de las economías de los países en desarrollo, en particular de las regiones de Africa, Asia, América Latina y el Caribe.

La deuda externa y el pago de sus servicios, el intercambio desigual y el proteccionismo, continúan siendo flagelos que golpean con más dureza cada día a nuestros pueblos.

En el comercio internacional, como también se ha expresado aquí por muchos delegados, los países en desarrollo continúan obteniendo migajas, mientras que los desarrollados se llevan siempre la mejor tajada. Es así que las negociaciones del GATT, en el marco de la Ronda Uruguay, no ha tenido el avance deseado, porque se mueven activamente intereses muy poderosos que pretenden monopolizar y manipular, con fines egoístas, el comercio de alimentos, que es decir comerciar con la vida de los seres humanos, basta analizar los precios de los productos básicos de la mayoría de nuestros países en la actualidad.

Es cierto, Sr. Presidente, que en el mundo se están produciendo cambios políticos inusitados, incluso se pretende y se estimula cada vez más la formación de grupos o bloques de integración económica, y parecería que esto pudiera traer consigo nuevos aires renovadores en la esfera económica internacional, pero este proceso está condicionado a las reglas de participación que imponen los países desarrollados, dentro del restringido marco de acceso a sus mercados, con plena vigencia de políticas proteccionistas y un pobre apoyo financiero de los países más ricos a los menos favorecidos, manifestaciones éstas de la ausencia de un nunca logrado Orden Económico Internacional justo.

Nuestro país ha expresado firmemente su convencimiento de la necesidad de promover y concretar una verdadera integración económica en la región de América Latina y el Caribe, como continuidad del exitoso encuentro de los Presidentes Iberoamericanos en Guadalajara, México, y hemos también reconocido que nuestro país y nuestra economía, manteniendo sus principios políticos, está enteramente dispuesto y preparado para adentrarse en un proceso de integración, en el que todos los países participantes obtengamos beneficios para elevar los niveles de desarrollo, y mejorar las condiciones de vida de nuestros pueblos.

No excluimos tampoco la posibilidad de emprender negociaciones, en el plano económico, con aquellos países y entidades de cualquier latitud, que de buena voluntad, deseen unirse a nosotros para promover la producción y el comercio en el sector agrícola y en otros sectores, en términos de beneficio común, respetando nuestras normas y soberanía.

Esta voluntad de nuestro país, Sr. Presidente, se contrapone diametralmente a la posición del imperialismo, obstinado en mantener contra nuestro pueblo un férreo bloqueo económico que ya rebasa las tres décadas, y el cual trata de agudizar en estos momentos por todos los medios a su alcance, con la pretensión de asfixiar a nuestro país. Cuando en medio de la coyuntura internacional, nuestros pueblos, siempre los más amenazados por los efectos que pudiese tener para la humanidad la galopante carrera armamentista, que matizó el período subsiguiente a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, asisten con júbilo al advenimiento de la distensión entre las hasta ayer reconocidas como grandes potencias, vemos con justa preocupación el surgimiento de un mundo unipolar, que se perfila hacia la dominación de un solo país sobre el resto, incluyendo hasta Europa, independientemente del nivel de desarrollo económico o tecnológico que haya alcanzado, reforzando la política de dominación neocolonial sobre la base del chantaje y de las amenazas, de la acción implacable de mecanismos financieros que frenan las potencialidades

de desarrollo de nuestros pueblos, condicionando al sojuzgamiento político toda ayuda que pueda provenir de sus arcas.

Lo que hemos escuchado en las palabras pronunciadas aquí por el Dr. Saouma, Director General de la FAO y el Embajador Sr. Saintraint, Presidente Independiente del Consejo, nos bastaría para entender la compleja situación actual.

En la actualidad, enfrentamos los mayores desafíos para continuar avanzando en el camino de alcanzar las metas del bienestar que nos hemos propuesto para nuestra sociedad.

Nuestro país, que logró durante estos años un desarrollo razonable en la salud, la educación, en su infraestructura productiva, se ha visto afectado por los cambios que se han producido en los países de Europa del Este. Entre estos países y Cuba se dieron relaciones justas de intercambio que, aunque hoy se cuestionan, no dejamos de preconizar y reconocer como las que deben existir, como práctica consecuente, entre los países de menos desarrollo y los países más desarrollados.

Podemos afirmar que continuamos trabajando con una estrategia coherente y con un concepto pragmático de desarrollo rural integral, que permite, además del aumento de la producción de alimentos, proteger el medio ambiente, mediante el incremento sostenido de nuestras áreas de bosques, el adecuado manejo de las cuencas hidrográficas y de otros recursos naturales. Nuestro programa alimentario nacional, que tiene la primera prioridad del país, se complementa con el desarrollo de la necesaria infraestructura productiva y social, que incluye construcción de viviendas, consultorios para los médicos de la familia, escuelas, hospitales y otros servicios comunitarios, que permiten a nuestros hombres y mujeres del campo, vivir en condiciones cada vez mejores, como reconocimiento de su verdadera dimensión humana en una sociedad de justicia social como la nuestra.

Sr. Presidente, es incuestionable que vivimos una gran paradoja. Una gran euforia acompaña los cantos de sirenas con los que, los heraldos de una ola neoliberal, anuncian y convocan el advenimiento de un mundo unipolar, de supuestas coincidencias ideológicas, en el que nada tendrían que ver las esenciales diferencias que realmente han colocado al mundo en un mar de desequilibrios económicos y de desigualdades sociales, generadas en las entrañas mismas de un sistema económico, predominante en la mayor parte del planeta y en nombre de cuya perpetuidad, se proclama ahora, un mundo de bienestar para los pueblos, que en su propio seno, padecen las consecuencias de sus contradicciones.

Mientras el Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional propuesto y acordado por la Organización de Naciones Unidas, como un paso imprescindible para lograr un mundo más justo, más armónico y pacífico, sigue siendo una aspiración loable, marginada de la práctica, porque aquellos que están posibilitados de aplicarla mantienen aún y refuerzan una conducta egoísta, en favor únicamente de sus intereses, sin tomar suficiente conciencia de que en este mundo, y en el venidero, estamos obligados a salvar con el esfuerzo común, a las más de cuatro quintas partes de la población mundial, amenazada de perecer por el hambre, o de vivir y vegetar como simples desechos sociales, para vergüenza de una comunidad internacional que llamamos civilizada.

No basta, Sr. Presidente, proclamar el derrumbe de la diferencia entre los pueblos si no se echan por tierra las bases mismas que las sustentan, y nos preguntamos:

¿Cuándo y cómo los que predican las venturas de un mundo donde ha nacido una era de distensión mundial, pondrán en práctica medidas que limiten el proteccionismo, que liberen las importaciones con precios justos, sin fórmulas egoístas que sólo promueven el bienestar creciente de los países más ricos?

¿Cuándo se dispondrá de los recursos financieros, que suman cientos de miles de millones destinados a la carrera armamentista, para ponerlos a disposición de la colaboración multilateral, si esto se da, para ayudar al desarrollo de los países más pobres?

¿Cuándo los países, que no importe su tamaño o su nivel de desarrollo, tendrán iguales derechos?

¿Cuándo los países más poderosos dejarán de dar órdenes a otros pueblos sobre los que no tienen nada que hacer, atentando abiertamente contra su soberanía y extendiendo recetas económicas que cierran todo acceso al desarrollo?

Tal vez, como se ha dicho en esta reunión, esto sea una utopía, pero nosotros, Sr. Presidente, somos hombres de fe, creemos en el hombre y en los pueblos, en las extraordinarias posibilidades de perfeccionamiento humano, en la capacidad del hombre para buscar respuestas a estas incógnitas de hoy, al momento en que, en aras de un mundo de paz, de un mundo promisorio, por el que siempre ha abogado este foro, se transfieran los fondos de la guerra a la estructura de la creación, de la producción y de la cultura humana, al momento en que los más ricos entiendan que no hay riqueza mayor que la hermandad entre los hombres y el bienestar de toda la humanidad.

Para Cuba, no hay caminos ambivalentes, nuestro pueblo, en aras de estos ideales, sostendrá al precio que sea necesario las banderas de la lucha por su bienestar y el bienestar de todos los pueblos subdesarrollados, sin claudicaciones ni sometimientos a idea alguna, que atente contra los verdaderos intereses de los desposeídos de la tierra.

La incógnita que nos hemos formulado, no tiene hoy respuesta; transcurrirá el tiempo y este foro seguirá abierto, ¡Los hombres tienen la palabra!

Andreas GAVRIELIDES (Cyprus): I am delighted to be here once again and to have the opportunity to address this Twenty-sixth Session of the Conference. In 1989, when I addressed this Conference for the first time, I emphasized the difficulties that are placed in the way of the developing countries in their valiant efforts to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. Today, I have no other choice, unfortunately, but to continue on the same issue, as we are still facing the appalling fact that nearly one billion people continue to lack the basic requirements for survival and productive work, and 13 to 18 million people die every year, as a result of hunger. The death and suffering caused by chronic hunger is clearly unnecessary and it becomes unacceptable if we consider that this situation exists, in spite of the fact that there is enough food in the world to feed everyone, provided that it is properly used and distributed.

When the problem of world hunger emerged as a major issue of global dimensions, back in the early 1970s, I was serving in the Department of Agriculture of my country as an Agricultural Economist. I recall the conduct of the World Food Conference in Rome, in 1974, and the major promise made to the world to do everything necessary so that no child will go to bed hungry by the end of the century. This deadline approaches rapidly and it seems certain that we will not be able to deliver our promise. Progress has definitely been achieved. Through the help of FAO and other international organizations, we have been able to significantly increase food production throughout the world and spare the lives of millions of people who might otherwise have suffered from hunger and malnutrition. But increases in food production alone have proven not to be the answer to the problem. Clearly, most of the difficulties in combatting world hunger are due to causes outside the production area, in what can be defined as the global economic environment, which includes trade distortions.

I believe that there is widespread recognition that the prevailing international economic environment has to become more just, fair and equitable to enable the less-endowed countries to come out of the poverty trap they are locked in. The elimination of unnecessary market-distorting policies in international agricultural trade and its liberalization could, for example, prove to be in the long-term interest of the development and food security aspirations of all countries. We should all, therefore, do our utmost to assist in the revitalization of the Multilateral Trade Negotiations in the Uruguay Round of GATT, and for the successful and equitable outcome of the negotiations in the trade of agricultural and tropical products, to the benefit of both developing and developed countries.

Crucial is also the need to address the staggering external debt problem of many countries. The seriousness of the issue is clearly illustrated by the fact that the debt servicing obligations cause a major net outflow of financial resources from the developing to the developed countries.

Recent developments have indicated that international cooperation guided by strong political will and determination can have far-reaching results. One needs only to consider the unprecedented efforts of the developed world in support of Eastern European reforms in terms of resources mobilized, the comprehensiveness of the support programmes and the coordination arrangements. A similar effort is needed in support of the world's hungry people if the gap between political intent and results is ever to be bridged.

In document C 91/12 it is stated that Heads of Delegations could refer in their statement to the agricultural situation in their countries and to international agricultural issues. I do not intend to elaborate on the state of agriculture in Cyprus. However, I would only very briefly like to emphasize that, despite the rapid progress of the other sectors of economic activity, the broader agricultural sector continues to command an important place in the Cyprus economy. As a result of a wide range of measures adopted by the Government, substantial increases in production and productivity took place and farmers' incomes were raised.

Notwithstanding this improvement, it should be stressed that we are not self sufficient in most food crops due to several reasons. The tragic events of 1974 have accentuated the problem of the limited area available for cultivation, and deprived the use of other natural resources.

The non-availability of sufficient water resources often becomes a most limiting factor not only to the expansion of the agricultural activities but to the broader development as well.

We have in this respect managed to increase our storage capacity from 6 million cubic metres in 1960 to about 300 million cubic metres presently, which is an increase of 50 times.

Simultaneously we are going ahead with the procedures to install the first sea water desalination plant in Cyprus aiming to augment the supply of potable water to urban centres. We are also ready to proceed with the use for irrigation of treated effluent from the major central sewage systems promoted for various urban areas.

The scarcity of water resources has been aggravated during the last three years due to prolonged and serious droughts, which have also affected water availability for domestic supply. Although these drought conditions cannot be attributed to changes in the global environment and the greenhouse effect, they are, however, an indication of what the repercussions from this change might be.

Scientists have warned us that the consequences of the greenhouse effect may cause dramatic climate changes worldwide. We are also well aware that the cause of much of this change in the world environment has been largely associated with increased industrialization in developed countries, emissions from stationary resources mainly from the utilities sector, emissions from mobile sources, and to accelerated exploitation of some of the earth's natural resources, primarily its forested areas which are, principally, located in the developing countries.

The greenhouse effect when correlated with the hunger and malnutrition problem, is a clear example of the dilemmas and complicated decisions we are faced with, when we attempt to tackle perplexing global issues.

Although this problem requires concerted efforts and the response of every country, the industrially developed nations have a particular responsibility, as they are the principal sources of the problem. They are also more technologically advanced and can greatly contribute in the necessary research and development efforts. The results of such research need to be shared with developing nations.

Unless substantial assistance, both technical and financial and appropriate investments are channelled to the developing countries and the debt is resolved, energy efficiency will never be achieved and the exploitation of the natural resources is likely to continue on a magnified scale, and may ultimately affect the very survival of our planet.

FAO has definitely a major role to play in all these concerns, especially with regard to the channelling of technical assistance to those in need. I would, therefore, like to express my delegation's satisfaction for the priority given to the programme for the environment and sustainable

development, in the Programme of Work and Budget submitted for the consideration of the Conference.

Another activity which requires our attention and which has also been recommended by the Review of FAO, is the Organization's involvement in providing assistance to governments on policy analysis and the design of programmes of operational strategies for agricultural and rural development. The recent experience of Cyprus in obtaining assistance from FAO in agricultural policy analysis has proven to be very encouraging and has provided important conclusions for the strategic development of our agricultural sector. The increased allocation of resources to this particular programme in the proposed Budget is therefore fully justified.

Since my delegation's views on the proposed Programme of Work and Budget will be elaborated in Commission II, I do not wish to dwell on this subject now. I only wish to stress our support for the proposed increase in the resources of the Technical Cooperation Programme. This programme has enabled the Organization to provide funds for small and relatively short-term projects of immediate and tangible results.

The needs of the developing countries are indeed enormous and so are the requests to FAO for assistance. The Director-General, in preparing the Organization's proposed Budget, had again before him the requirements of the developing countries for a substantial increase to the level of the Budget but, simultaneously, also the views of others calling for a zero growth to it. With the proposed Budget, I believe that the Director-General has managed to blend these conflicting viewpoints and present to us a Budget which should receive the support of all of us. In this respect, as we have been informed of the serious financial problems which our Organization has encountered recently, mainly due to arrears of Member Nations, I strongly urge all countries to fully respond to their obligations.

We are all with equal sincerity of purpose pledging ourselves to satisfy one of the basic human rights, that of food. At the foremost of our efforts I would put two fundamental requirements. The first one, at a local and regional level, is the need to strengthen our own institutional and professional capacities and our science and technology basis, to respond to the challenges of our times.

The second requirement, at an international level, is the need to develop trans-national ethic of mutualism. It should recognize the interdependency between economic development, alleviation of poverty and protection of our environment, and be characterized by a complementarity of objectives between developed and developing nations.

With these thoughts in mind, I conclude my statement by expressing my country's strong and unequivocal commitment to the goals FAO has been entrusted to fulfil.

Mohamed GABASH (Syria) (Original language Arabic): Mr Chairman, Excellencies, Mr Director-General of FAO, Distinguished Heads of Delegations, Ladies and Gentlemen: it gives me great pleasure at the outset to extend my sincere congratulations to Mr Abdul Majid for the chairmanship of this session, together with his Vice-Chairman, for the high confidence

and trust placed in them due to their wisdom which will ensure leadership for the deliberations of this session.

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the Director-General of FAO Dr Edouard Saouma, for the commendable efforts deployed, together with his staff, in the preparation of this Conference. We are fully confident of Dr Saouma's capabilities and the delegation of the Syrian Arab Republic shall extend full cooperation with the Conference bureau so as to achieve the best results in the interests of all mankind.

Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, we meet in this august international gathering at a crucial time in history. It is convened amid improved international conditions which we hope will reflect themselves in a better future for humanity, the attainment of security, peace based upon justice, and the restoration of legitimate rights to their rightful owners particularly in our region which suffered tremendously as a result of Israeli aggression and the occupation of parts of our Arab lands.

The situation still persists contrary to the principles of justice and international legitimacy and the provisions of UN resolutions. We earnestly hope that the international community will be able to put an end to this state of affairs and that peace will be restored to our region so as to concentrate efforts on production and construction.

We meet here fully aware - through the figures produced by concerned organizations and information heard daily by the media and viewed on TV screens - we are aware of the ever-escalating problem of hunger. This tragedy still expands daily despite the untiring efforts deployed. This reaffirms the need for us all to cooperate, pool our efforts and provide one another with the required expertise and finances to make our lives better.

I'feel duty bound at this juncture to express our thanks and appreciation to all countries providing assistance to developing ones. However, I would like to state, prompted by the spirit of friendship and cooperation, that the assistance extended by many countries is very little measured by their capabilities and the huge surpluses they have. I refer to assistance as a solution to the food problem because I consider all parties as beneficiaries since food shortage creates conflicts among peoples, in addition to migration, which results in huge problems to migrant labour and host countries alike.

On the other hand, assistance at present is a required medication. However, the quantities extended should be increased since a hungry human being is an affront to humanity. Treatment should also address the root causes of the problem with a view to its total elimination. This calls for the provision of capital by rich countries to needy ones thereby enabling the latter to achieve the highest degree of sufficiency conducive to the effective treatment and consequently setting the human punishments at rest.

Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, another important issue which constitutes a major obstacle to increase agricultural production is that of protection in the trade of agricultural commodities, a policy which stems from egoistic and regional interests. Such economic policies have undoubtedly had an adverse impact on the exchange of foodstuffs and agricultural commodities on the world level.

Supply-driven policies, together with export subsidies applied by developed countries, constitute a major threat to the trade of the products of developing countries, especially the agricultural products, resulting in the latter adopting of necessity preventive countermeasures to protect their products, a matter which inflicts an additional burden on these countries to the extent that they become no longer capable of pursuing the right path in their developmental plans.

Elimination of protectionism in agricultural trade may create some problems initially for which the international community can easily find appropriate solutions. However, in the long run this approach enhances security in the interests of all. As for the environment and its progressive degradation, you are all aware that environment degradation is primarily by excessive deforestation in addition to pollution resulting from industrial waste.

In all this the developing countries are victims. Should this dilemma be left without an appropriate solution, the danger is bound to escalate, jeopardizing the very existence of all countries.

Much concern has been voiced, together with the existence of signs, of a limited treatment of the issue. However, the problem is such that should be handled in a global, comprehensive manner commensurate with the magnitude of this problem.

Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, the Syrian Arab Republic, which assumes a positive role and is a committed member of FAO and other international organizations, designs and implements its developmental plans in accordance with the objectives and orientations adopted by the conference of such bodies despite the economic difficulties we face as a result of providing for the defence of our people and territories for the elimination of the injustice inflicted both upon us and upon our brothers suffering occupation, suppression, homelessness and loss. It pleases me to place on record that our efforts in agricultural development were fruitful. Allow me to outline briefly some of the achievements attained by Syria particularly in recent years.

Development efforts were targeted primarily to benefit procedures. We gave due attention to vertical development, being aware of its role in increased food activity, with promoted research and improved varieties in major crops. We developed agricultural extension work. In addition, we accorded price policies which drew attention in view of their instant impact and increasing production. I would like at this juncture to refer to the 1991 investment code which provided for sufficient guarantees to Arab and foreign investment capital without any restrictions or obstacles. It provided investors with privileges which can hardly be matched anywhere else.

Therefore, the Agricultural Secretary for Syria witnesses a distinct activity. Since over a short period of time many agricultural projects and ventures were established owned by individuals or incorporated or joint companies. I would like also to refer to the fact that my country gave interest to women in general and especially rural women and it tried to develop its knowledge and its involvement in the production process. We have achieved a great success in this respect through the various professional and popular organizations.

We support the programme of FAO in this field, namely, the involvement and development of rural women. The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic has embarked upon the implementation of an ambitious programme in the field of increasing production and environmental protection despite the limited resources available. We in Syria implement an intensive programme for the reclamation of saline and waterlogged soils. We also reclaim stony lands to transform them into arable lands producing fruits and crops. This required increasing the number of production seedlings by 350 percent recently. Interest in the environment has led to increasing the forest and cover to raising the number of forest seedlings by 400 percent during the last few years.

We also restore vegetation in dry areas whose range lands deteriorated. We also implemented a programme for establishing natural reserves in Syrian steppe so as to protect the environment and restore ecological balance to these areas which constitute 55 percent of the total area of my country. Work in this respect, as you are all aware, requires tremendous efforts and huge costs. It aims at primarily improving ecological conditions and balance without any significant economic return.

With a view to expediting the process of afforestation, a supreme body with a broad mandate was established by a decree by H.E. President Hafez El Assad. A ministry for the environment was also established. We also enacted a number of legislations and we have taken various measures by the various government agencies in order to protect the environment and to conserve the ecological balance. We see that interest in agriculture is the practical solution, which ends the biggest part of the environmental problem, and the deterioration of the environment and through this activity we achieved a good rate of growth in our agricultural production.

It would have been possible to have achieved more had it not been for recurrent drought which proved to be a heavy burden since more than 85 percent of our annually cultivated land depends heavily on scarce rain and the shortage in irrigation areas is due to the meagre surface and subsoil water resources in my country. This led us to undertake wider research aimed at developing water use and a rational utilization and to introduce modern irrigation techniques in irrigation.

We also developed appropriate programmes to provide training and extension services to farmers to enable them to use these technologies besides providing them with adequate credits and loans in this respect. We would like to emphasize the importance of international cooperation in order to facilitate the acquisition of modern irrigation inputs and technologies at reasonable, appropriate prices with a view to their wide application.

On the other hand we are undertaking intensive research work in order to create new drought-resistant varieties. We have made concrete progress in this field. We find that the Arab Centre for Studies in Arid and Dry Lands, whose headquarters is in Damascus, is cutting out research and agricultural irrigation in combatting desertification and developing agriculture in dry areas. This centre is one of the most important regional scientific centres serving agriculture in dry lands.

In this respect I would like to mention the technical assistance provided by the Arab and international organizations and by bilateral assistance programmes because this assistance has greatly contributed to the achievements made so far. We would like to emphasize the importance of

increasing this assistance and, in particular the assistance provided by WFP and FAO because this assistance is vital for development and the conservation of the environment to my country.

Mr Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, the eyes of millions of hungry people are fixed on this important forum since food has been and will always be an urgent matter because life on this planet is dependent on food. Action in the field of food production should always have the highest priority in comparison with other activities. As you are all aware, solving this problem and providing food to the millions of needy people is easier and less costly than producing a few kilograms of mass destruction weapons.

Therefore, we are calling on FAO and the various international organizations and all countries of the world to join in efforts in order to develop agriculture and increase food production through ambitious and clear programmes with the necessary requirements for their implementation so that our world can achieve a qualitative shift towards prosperity, thus enhancing world peace and security and this will give a true meaning to the new world order to which we all aspire.

Mr Chairman, my country is closely following the effective and important role of FAO under the wise leadership of its Director-General Edouard Saouma and we highly appreciate the efforts he is making to support the developmental efforts in many countries. We hope that the occupied Syrian Golan Heights will be given more attention in order to meet the ever-increasing needs of its population, needs which are made even more difficult by the problem of occupation displacement and by depriving the people of their basic human rights, including the exploitation of the land after confiscating land and water resources and barring them access to their farms and harvests in addition to losses incurred as a result of the difficulties in marketing whatever little they are able to harvest.

We are therefore hopeful that our Organization will study the situation of these populations and alleviate the tragedy until an end is put to occupation and they exercise their legitimate rights like other farmers in the world. We are also hopeful that allocations to the TCP will be augmented since TCP assumes special significance to developing countries because it addresses directly the needs. Efforts exerted by countries individually are important. However, these efforts should not eclipse joint cooperation through the FAO and other relevant organizations.

In conclusion, we hope that this Session of our Conference will succeed in finding appropriate solutions to the problems suffered by the developing countries. We look forward to a better tomorrow where food security and peace are enjoyed by all. I thank you and thank the distinguished delegates for listening. Our thanks are also due to the management of FAO, representatives of international and regional organizations, to the Secretariat, translators and interpreters, who made every effort required to promote cooperation among all participating delegations. God's peace and blessing be upon you all.

Martti PURA (Finland) (Original language Finnish): First of all I would like to extend my warmest congratulations to you, Mr Chairman, on your election as Chairman of this Twenty-sixth Session of the FAO Conference. Also, I have the honour to join the previous speakers in welcoming the new Members of FAO, our Baltic friends and neighbours, Estonia, Latvia and

Lithuania. My Government wishes to encourage them in their work for agricultural development in which the membership of FAO should be of special value. I also want to welcome the new Associate Member of FAO, Puerto Rico.

The international situation has undergone dramatic changes since the last FAO Conference two years ago. The world food security situation provides us with an increasingly challenging scene. Especially in the African continent many countries are facing a crisis of a magnitude not registered in the past. The gravity of the situation has not received sufficient attention in the political dialogue nor in the world mass-media. This is serious, and even more so is the fact that the international community does not seem to be able to confront the situation to the extent it should.

In addition to this, I would like to raise the issue of the deteriorating food security situation in the Soviet Union and its Republics. Also there, the magnitude of the need for support is growing rapidly. Large quantities of food are needed both in from external sources. It is necessary to pay attention to this question in FAO and in other appropriate international fora, and take into account the consequences of the situation when analysing and planning the future global food security policies.

Another important issue is the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, which, among other things, will have a long-term impact on agricultural production and trade, food aid as well as on the overall development prospects. While expecting a successful result from the Uruguay Round, I think that the agricultural trade negotiations in GATT should give more attention to the uncertain food situation in many regions of the world.

It is within this global framework that FAO must assess its capacities and define its priorities. In the view of the Finnish Government FAO should continue to focus on the area where it has a comparative advantage in meeting the needs of its membership. We support further development of the analytical and policy advice functions of the Organization and agree that priority be given to the assistance of the developing countries in the fields of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.

One of the most important tasks of this Conference is to assess the progress in implementing the resolution on the Review of Certain Aspects of FAO's Goals and Operations adopted two years ago. The most concrete outcome of the Review is the reintroduction of the Medium-Term Plan, which my delegation has studied with particular interest. The period of six years provides a sufficient time-frame for a discussion on the long-term priorities of FAO, facilitates dialogue and increases consistency of planning. Furthermore, the fact that the MTP is a rolling plan enables a continuous analysis and revision of FAO's development needs in the light of overall development trends in food and agriculture. The first MTP document provides a good start for this new process. My delegation wants to thank the Director-General and the Secretariat of FAO for the document.

In the past two-year period FAO can record a number of activities and development in the areas that were selected as priorities in the Review process. The progress achieved in the Integration of Women in Development, Plan of Action on People's Participation, and the Environment deserve special mention. While recognizing these developments in different sectors, I want to emphasize that the Review should be a continuous process. There

is a need for maintaining a follow-up of the process in general, and in the priority areas in particular.

As regards the governance, management and funding issues I would like to mention the Nordic/UN project, the main thrust of which is an analysis of the role of the United Nations and its various agencies in meeting the challenges and opportunities facing the world community. The Nordic countries have already introduced the project to the Director-General and the Council, and our delegations will further elaborate on the findings of the project in the work of different Commissions of this Conference. In the FAO context, the working methods and decision-making process are a matter of special concern.

The most important prerequisite for the implementation of the Medium-Term Plan and the Programme of Work and Budget for the biennium 1992-93 is a sound financial basis of the Organization. Finland has always maintained the view that Member States must pay their assessed contributions to the Organization on time. Similarly, Finland has been one of the countries opposing external borrowing by FAO. In our opinion, borrowing is definitely not a long-term solution and it should be avoided as a short-term remedy as well. While expressing this opinion we understand the difficulties of the Director-General and the Secretariat in managing the Organization under these financial circumstances.

If some Member States do not honour their financial commitments, they undermine the possibilities of the governing bodies and FAO leadership to be guided by the main outcome of the Review, namely the reintroduction of the MTP and the PWB based on it. One very important aspect of the financial crisis is the uncertainty as regards the individual programmes. This situation does not create a favourable climate for work. FAO is under threat of losing people that otherwise could give a great contribution to the Organization. This should be considered very serious.

In relation to the Programme of Work and Budget for the next biennium, Mr Chairman, my delegation wants to express its support for the proposal to make the Outline a permanent feature in the programme budget process. This additional step definitely facilitates the adoption of the Programme of Work and Budget. We also endorse the recommendation put before this Conference that the other measures proposed by the Director-General for streamlining the process be implemented on an experimental basis during the 1992-93 biennium, and for the 1994-95 budgetary exercise.

My delegation shares the overall consensus that has been reached in the preparation of the Plan of Work and Budget on the priorities of the FAO. There is one sector in FAO's activities, however, that deserves critical attention, namely forestry. Priority that has been granted to forestry and forest related activities in principle is not being manifested sufficiently in real terms. By saying this I am not only referring to insufficient increase in funding to the FAO Forest Department. I am also referring to the inadequacy of an integrated approach to forest activities throughout the FAO. Forestry ought to be recognized as a fundamental resource in the process of diversifying rural employment opportunities and generating income. Furthermore, the role of forestry in rural development is indispensable from the point of view of environmental concerns as it is being increasingly recognized in the preparations of the UN Conference on Environment and Development.

A further comment is due, precisely, in relation to the role of FAO in the international forestry cooperation. The decisions on the institutional arrangements of the Tropical Forestry Action Programme have been delayed all too long, putting the future of the Programme in danger. We regret, therefore, the decision taken by the Council last week to establish yet another ad hoc group to prepare proposals regarding the revamping of the TFAP, This decision will further delay the finalization of this matter, and the possible repercussions of the decision cause us serious concern. FAO is under a general threat of losing the role and capacity it should have and maintain in the tropical forestry.

Let me conclude by saying that I am confident that this Conference will be successful in providing guidance to the Secretariat in focusing the future work of the Organization in such a way that it meets the challenges confronting it.

Thank you Mr Chairman.

Jean-Claude PIOT (Suisse): M. le Directeur général, Excellences, Mesdames et Messieurs, j'ai le plaisir et l'honneur de représenter mon pays pour la onzième fois consécutive à la Conférence biennale de la FAO. C'est dire que j'ai pu suivre et observer les travaux, les réussites et les échecs de notre Organisation durant plus de vingt ans.

Les réussites, ce sont, entre autres, l'augmentation de la production vivrière à l'échelle mondiale, qui a même tellement bien réussi qu'il y a des excédents et ce grâce à de meilleures techniques, de meilleures semences et une amélioration de la formation des familles paysannes.

Ce sont encore la contention de la fièvre aphteuse aux portes de l'Europe, et plus récemment l'eradication de la lucilie bouchère en Afrique du Nord, activités que seule la FAO pouvait mener à bien.

Les échecs - il y en a, hélas, dans toute activité humaine - c'est par exemple, comme vient de le relever tout à l'heure le délégué de Chypre, le fait que nous n'avons pas réussi à atteindre l'objectif désigné par Henry Kissinger lors de la Conférence mondiale de l'alimentation de 1974, quand il lançait le défi qu'à la fin des années 80, plus aucun enfant sur la planète Terre ne devrait aller se coucher le ventre vide.

Cet échec ne saurait toutefois être imparti à la seule FAO, mais je pense à nous tous qui sommes finalement responsables de l'activité de notre Organisation et des politiques suivies par nos Etats. A part les guerres fratricides et les catastrophes naturelles - malheureusement trop fréquentes - je pense surtout aux Philippines et au Bangladesh, qui sont les plus récentes - il reste le problème lancinant de la forte croissance démographique, qui peut devenir un obstacle au développement quand la formation professionnelle et l'emploi en particulier ne suivent pas.

Nous savons tous que le défi que représente l'élimination du fléau de la faim, souvent lié à la difficulté d'accès aux ressources pour les couches les plus défavorisées de la population, est de nature complexe, donc difficile à relever. Il faut donc procéder avec méthode et continuité, par une approche globale qui tienne mieux compte des nombreux problèmes particuliers et qui facilite le choix de priorités claires.

Je n'oserai pas affirmer ici que notre Organisation a toujours respecté ce schéma. C'est bien sur cette constatation que des remarques ont été faites dans le passé quant à l'efficacité de la FAO.

Ces remarques, formulées par de nombreux pays membres, ont conduit, tant le Comité du Programme que le Comité financier à procéder à un examen approfondi devant déboucher sur certaines réformes et certaines modifications de son activité.

Seront-elles suffisantes? Je n'ai pas encore réussi à m'en persuader totalement, tout en reconnaissant loyalement la valeur des améliorations en cours. Celles-ci doivent encore être poursuivies avec ténacité pour renforcer l'impact et l'image de notre Organisation. Je tiens cependant à remercier le Directeur général E. Saouma du bon travail déjà accompli et des efforts qu'il continuera à faire dans ce sens avec tout son personnel. Le Plan à moyen terme qui nous est soumis est un premier pas dans la bonne direction.

Je souhaite que ce plan nous permette de rapprocher nos vues sur les stratégies à adopter pour relever les défis lancés à la FAO et faciliter le choix des priorités dans les futurs programmes de travail.

J'en viens maintenant au Programme de travail et budget pour le prochain biennium. Mon pays a souvent soulevé des objections lors des discussions sur le budget. Ce ne sera pas le cas aujourd'hui. La Suisse approuve le niveau du budget proposé.

Cependant, nous souhaitons pouvoir éviter une augmentation du Fonds de roulement et avant tout la reconstitution du Compte de réserve spécial qui ne nous paraît pas indispensable.

Nous voulons, en acceptant ce budget, témoigner de notre soutien actif à la FAO, mais aussi souligner notre droit de formuler des remarques et propositions, que nous voulons constructives. Je l'ai déjà répété plusieurs fois à cette tribune: Nous ne voulons pas une FAO qui coûte moins cher, mais une FAO plus forte et plus efficace, dans le cadre d'un budget donné.

Or, je dois relever qu'à notre avis, la nouvelle augmentation des éléments du programme nous semble être le signal d'un éparpillement des ressources disponibles. Nous le regrettons et aurions souhaité l'établissement de priorités plus clairement définies, une concentration plus marquée des efforts sur l'analyse, la formulation et l'assistance à la mise en oeuvre des politiques agricoles - donc implicitement des politiques alimentaires - dans les pays qui ont besoin du concours de la FAO.

Par contre, des activités de détail, qui ne sont pas essentielles dans le mandat de la FAO, pourraient être confiées à d'autres organisations ou agences déjà actives et spécialisées dans les domaines considérés, qui le feront avec compétence et vraisemblablement meilleure efficacité.

Dans sa déclaration de lundi après-midi, le Président Saintraint a regretté le déficit d'articulations étroites entre le PAM, le FIDA et la FAO. Il ne nous a malheureusement pas fait part des raisons de ce manque de coopération. Je rappelle, dans ce contexte, l'intéressante étude des Pays nordiques sur les réformes nécessaires dans les institutions des Nations Unies.

Je suis donc persuadé qu'en intégrant mieux encore notre Organisation dans le concert des organisations internationales - en établissant de bonnes priorités et en concentrant nos efforts - nous améliorerons l'efficacité de nos engagements. Les pays membres en retard de paiement de leurs contributions seront ainsi incités sinon invités à payer leur dû dans les meilleurs délais.

La faiblesse de la conjoncture dans les pays industrialisés, les perspectives d'une éventuelle récession nous imposent une attitude réservée. Cela touche bien sûr les activités de la FAO en Europe. Le vent de liberté qui souffle sur les pays situés à l'Est du défunt rideau de fer doit permettre d'envisager la fusion du bureau régional pour l'Europe et de la division mixte FAO-CEE, et parallèlement celle des organes européens de la FAO avec les organes agricole et forestier de la Commission économique pour l'Europe. Une telle fusion permettra une réduction de l'offre et une concentration des activités du système onusien dans l'agriculture, l'alimentation et les pêcheries en Europe, ce qui conduira à une amélioration de l'efficacité et à une diminution des coûts de ces divers services.

La Suisse célèbre cette année le 700ème anniversaire de sa fondation. Les Suisses d'aujourd'hui, à l'image de leurs ancêtres, restent épris de liberté, ce qui implique aussi la responsabilité et l'engagement personnel de chacun. Les suisses d'aujourd'hui ont aussi appris que l'on ne vit plus en vase clos, que l'interdépendance tant à l'échelon régional que mondial est la conséquence logique et inéluctable de l'évolution socio-économique et politique que connaît le monde en cette fin du XXème siècle.

Notre Gouvernement est décidé à relever ce défi, tout en sauvegardant notre identité, notre culture et aussi notre agriculture. Cette dernière remplit des fonctions multiples au service de la collectivité. Je pense surtout à l'entretien des sites cultivés et à la saine gestion de l'espace rural, vu son rôle socio-démographique, et tout cela dans le respect de l'environnement naturel. Nous tenons à sauvegarder une agriculture paysanne dynamique et durable - sustainable agriculture - élément essentiel de la viabilité à long terme d'un pays équilibré.

Les négociations en cours à l'Uruguay Round du GATT sont très importantes pour l'agriculture de tous les pays participants, et pour celle des pays en développement aussi, qui seront de toute manière touchés par les décisions qui devraient se prendre prochainement à Genève. Dans un cénacle FAO, où nous sommes tous de bons connaisseurs des problèmes de l'agriculture, nous savons tous que chaque pays a besoin de son agriculture et que le libéralisme pur et dur sans le commerce des produits agricoles n'est tout simplement pas possible. Fair trade, not free trade doit être la ligne à suivre dans ce commerce. Il faut en effet que la production agricole de tous les pays tienne mieux compte du respect de l'environnement, qui implique des coûts plus élevés, donc une compétitivité réduite par rapport à une production de type minier.

La seule comparaison des prix, sans tenir compte de facteurs tels que le bilan énergétique, la déforestation dont on a parlé cet après-midi, et la degradation des sols dans les différents systèmes de production, ne constitue pas une base objective d'appréciation.

C'est précisément de cette agriculture équilibrée et durable dont nous avons tous besoin. Elle n'exclut pas la recherche de l'efficacité ni du profit, mais la guide vers des comportements plus nuancés.

Les développements récents dans les pays de l'Est de l'Europe - je tiens en passant à féliciter les nouveaux membres de notre Organisation, l'Estonie, la Lituanie et la Lettonie, ainsi que Porto Rico comme membre associé -, ces développements nécessitent d'importantes aides financières et techniques, pour leur permettre de rattraper le grand retard accumulé au cours des 40 dernières années. La Suisse y participe, dans la mesure de ses possibilités publiques et privées. Je tiens toutefois à préciser que nous veillerons à ce que ces aides importantes pour nous n'affectent pas les moyens financiers et humains que nous mettons et continuerons à mettre à disposition des pays en voie de développement pour leur permettre d'améliorer sensiblement leur niveau de vie.

Nous voulons collaborer avec tous les pays afin que la solidarité au niveau mondial ne soit pas un vain mot et je souhaite que les activités de la FAO permettent d'avancer rapidement dans cette direction.

Stanislav Dimitrov DIMITROV (Bulgarie): J'ai le plaisir de saluer le Bureau et les participants à la Conférence de la FAO et de leur souhaiter plein succès dans leurs travaux. Qu'il me soit permis également de féliciter les membres nouvellement élus de la FAO. Cette période biennale fournit en fait des événements extraordinaires qui ont été décisifs pour l'évolution démocratique des pays d'Europe centrale et d'Europe orientale. On a également assisté à de véritables possibilités de coopération fructueuse dans le domaine de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture. Je ne saurais passer sous silence les grands progrès qui ont été enregistrés en ce qui concerne les problèmes du Proche-Orient. Le fait même que les pays intéressés se trouvent à la table de négociations est très important tant du point de vue économique que politique.

Des changements importants sont survenus également en Bulgarie. Lors des dernières élections en octobre, le peuple s'est clairement prononcé en faveur des forces démocratiques, ce qui signifie qu'il y aura encore une actualisation plus marquée des principes de liberté individuelle, de multipartisme et d'économie de marché.

Une nouvelle voie s'offre à notre pays vers une orientation pratique et vers la privatisation et l'intégration avec nos voisins, avec l'Europe et avec tous les pays du monde sur la base de l'égalité de droit et des avantages mutuels.

La semaine dernière, le parlement bulgare a élu le nouveau gouvernement. Dans sa déclaration, le nouveau premier ministre, Filip Dimitrov a souligné les objectifs principaux et les priorités que le gouvernement nouveau devra suivre.

Dans peu de temps, son objectif consistera, en fait, à atteindre une stabilité économique, à accroître le niveau de production et à faire face aux problèmes de l'inflation et du chômage.

Le nouveau gouvernement favorisera le développement du secteur privé et les initiatives d'ordre familial, y compris dans le domaine agricole.

L'ordre du jour de notre session reflète bien les grandes mutations qui sont intervenues et également les objectifs importants de cette Organisation.

Je me félicite des progrès considérables qui ont été réalisés et de la grande efficacité de la FAO dans ses activités au cours des deux dernières années en dépit des difficultés financières.

Nous nous félicitons de la mise en oeuvre de la révision de certains aspects des objectifs et des opérations de la FAO et des solutions concrètes importantes, ainsi que de l'amélioration de la coopération avec d'autres instances internationales et de l'élaboration de plans de développement à moyen terme.

Nous acceptons le programme de travail et le programme de budget 1992-93. Nous sommes d'avis toutefois qu'il conviendrait de l'améliorer en spécifiant plus clairement les objectifs de certains secteurs et en limitant encore davantage les dépenses de caractère administratif et certaines mesures de routine.

Nous tenons à faire état de notre compréhension des problèmes, tels que la récession, l'inflation et le chômage dans les pays développés et la malnutrition chronique, la famine et les dettes étrangères des pays du tiers monde qui ont, bien entendu, une influence négative sur les activités de la FAO. Nous sommes tout à fait favorables à une croissance zéro du budget de l'Organisation et également à une répartition rationnelle qui prenne en considération des mesures de coopération régionale avec une participation active des pays de l'Europe de l'Est.

Les changements qualitatifs intervenus dans la société bulgare ont abouti à une restructuration fondamentale du secteur agro-industriel et de l'agriculture bulgares. En 1991, une loi sur la propriété et l'utilisation des terres agricoles a été adoptée par le Parlement. Une loi sur la coopération étroitement liée à ce secteur a également été adoptée. Les associations d'Etat ont été en fait démonopolisées, et on a assisté à une libéralisation de la production et des activités commerciales. Chaque société privée, chaque coopérative ou chaque société nationalisée est libre de mener à bien ses activités de production et de commerce tant sur le marché interne qu'international, mais sur la base de l'économie de marché. A ce stade, les agriculteurs et les entreprises connaissent encore des problèmes graves en matière d'approvisionnement et notamment de commercialisation de leurs produits essentiellement en raison des possibilités limitées du marché interne, des perturbations des marchés avec les autres pays, avec les ex-membres du COMECON, et du manque de contact avec les pays développés et en développement. La loi sur la privatisation qui sera adoptée prochainement nous aidera à faire véritablement démarrer ce processus. Notre pays et le peuple bulgare sont particulièrement reconnaissants envers les pays qui, en cette période difficile pour le secteur agro-industriel et pour l'économie dans son ensemble, ont accordé une aide humanitaire et une assistance technique d'une importance considérable, et qui continuent à le faire afin que nous puissions surmonter les problèmes et accélérer notre transition vers l'économie de marché.

Je tiens à exprimer notre sincère reconnaissance à la Communauté européenne pour le programme de coopération Phare en 1990 et pour l'aide directe aux exploitants agricoles indépendants et pour le programme de développement

global en 1991-92 dans lequel une attention particulière a été accordée à la privatisation des terres, à l'éducation, à la diffusion des travaux de recherche, à la restructuration de l'industrie alimentaire, à la privatisation des entreprises industrielles, à la commercialisation des produits agricoles et alimentaires sur les marchés internes et internationaux et à la création d'un système d'informations pour les agriculteurs indépendants. J'exprime également notre reconnaissance au Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amérique qui nous a fourni un apport de céréales et une aide technique ainsi que des experts spécialisés dans la restructuration de l'agriculture.

Nous remercions également les Gouvernements des Pays-Bas, de la France, de l'Allemagne, de l'Autriche et d'autres pays qui nous ont fourni du fourrage, des produits alimentaires et une aide sous forme d'experts.

Nous nous félicitons du début de nos travaux réalisés avec la collaboration de la Banque mondiale en vue de créer les conditions propices au financement des exploitations agricoles privées et des entreprises de l'industrie agro-alimentaire.

Compte tenu de notre propre expérience et de l'expérience d'autres pays, nous reconnaissons qu'en dépit de l'aide humanitaire considérable qui nous a été accordée pendant une période critique, elle ne peut être un facteur déterminant pour la stabilisation et la reconstruction de ce secteur. Cela a seulement contribué à soulager les producteurs indépendants. Nous estimons que seule une coopération à long terme bien planifiée, et qui vise à rétablir une stratégie de développement est véritablement utile. Les efforts du Ministère de l'agriculture et de tous ceux qui nous aident avec tant d'aménité se concentrent sur la mise en oeuvre de ces objectifs.

Je suis heureux de mentionner également la contribution de la FAO à ce processus. Bien entendu, la direction de l'Organisation, dans la limite de ses possibilités, envoie des experts qui concourent à l'élaboration des projets de développement et contrôlent la qualité des produits agricoles et alimentaires. Nous espérons que la FAO, en collaboration avec d'autres organisations, telles que le PNUD, développera avec une grande vigueur de telles actions, notamment la mise en oeuvre de projets concrets et coordonnés qui sont étroitement liés à la remise en état du secteur agricole. A cet égard, nous appuyons l'initiative de la FAO de procéder à des analyses et à des évaluations de l'état du secteur agricole dans les pays d'Europe de l'Est et également de mener des activités en matière de coordination avec le PNUD envisagées dans le cadre de projets nationaux et régionaux de collaboration de ces pays entre eux et avec les autres pays développés d'Europe. Je pense notamment à la prochaine réunion des représentants responsables des pays qui doit se tenir, en janvier 1992, à Nitra (Tchécoslovaquie).

Nous estimons qu'il est très important que la Bulgarie continue de collaborer plus activement avec la FAO dans le domaine des ressources phytogénétiques, - nous sommes d'ailleurs prêts à signer l'accord - dans le domaine de la recherche, notamment celle qui concerne les céréales, le riz et le coton, l'élevage et les problèmes de fourrage et de qualité des produits alimentaires. Nous apprécions pleinement l'importance des projets conjoints à petite échelle dans le domaine vétérinaire et en ce qui concerne les ressources phytogénétiques et d'aquaculture.

Enfin, qu'il me soit permis une fois encore d'exprimer à la Conférence nos voeux de succès à ses travaux.

Sadeq Amin ABU RAS (Yemen) (Original language Arabic): Mr President, Your Excellencies, please permit me at the very outset to congratulate you on this great confidence bestowed upon you by the members here present. It gives me great pleasure to congratulate all those countries, Member Organizations, especially the new Members - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Puerto Rico.

From the various comments that we have made and heard we find that our aspiration are one, our concerns are one, and therefore I shall try to be as brief as possible.

Mr President of the Conference, your Excellencies, Heads of Delegations, Mr Director-General, Ladies and Gentlemen, on behalf of my country's delegation it gives me great pleasure to congratulate you and congratulate all those entrusted by the Conference to guide its deliberations. We would also like to thank the Secretariat for the sound preparations made for the Conference and for the documents submitted.

It is indeed a great pleasure to have this opportunity of addressing the Conference for the first time in the name of the Republic of Yemen which was established a year and a half ago. This historic event has united the people and resources of Yemen, and has reinforced its ability to implement its development plans. The Government of Yemen has adopted a transitional programme to coordinate administrative and technical policies, and within this programme the development of the agricultural sector has been accorded great importance. Steps have been taken to encourage the private sector and arrange for rural financing. At present all lands expropriated in the past are being returned to their owners.

The fisheries sector has been accorded the same importance as the agricultural sector. The programme also foresees the development of relations with our sister and friendly countries, and greater cooperation with international and regional organizations.

Mr President, Ladies and Gentlemen, the sad events in the Gulf have jeopardized our plans and development programmes. That tragedy brought in its wake negative repercussions on my country's economy as more than one million Yemenis had suddenly to return home.

This has meant an unforeseen burden as we have had to accommodate them and secure the basic necessities. It is no exaggeration to say that Yemen has been one of the countries most deeply affected by the Gulf crisis. A large number of countries never understood our position. We tried to find a peaceful alternative to that destructive confrontation which has affected the whole world. In spite of this, we have overcome the crisis and are steadfast in the face of difficulties. We look forward to the future with optimism and hope that there will be understanding and cooperation.

At a time when 500 million people in the world suffer hunger because of drought and lack of rain and a further 18 million Iraqis have been added to them by man's choice and approval, we have to make a comparison between the cruelty of nature and the cruelty inflicted by man on his fellow men.

It is no exaggeration to say that Iraq stands on the brink of famine and will suffer famine and worse if goodwill and compassion are not used to lift the inadmissible food embargo which has not been approved by any dogma, creed or tradition. I should like to know the participants of the report on the food situation in Iraq which the FAO helped to compile last July.

From this podium I entreat you all to take the necessary steps to lift the embargo imposed on the people of Iraq.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank this Organization, its Director-General and all who work with it for their ceaseless quest for excellence. We attach importance to the aims and goals of its Medium-Term Plan.

May God's peace and blessing be upon you all.

Petru MARCULESCU (Roumanie): Permettez-moi d'abord de vous féliciter chaleureusement pour votre nomination en qualité de Président de la vingt-sixième Conférence de l'Organisation et de vous souhaiter plein succès dans l'accomplissement des devoirs de grande responsabilité et importance pratique qui vous reviennent dans le cadre de cette Conférence qui, particulièrement cette année, doit résoudre des problèmes tout à fait exceptionnels.

Depuis la dernière session, dans le monde entier et particulièrement en Europe, des changements importants de structure ont eu lieu, des idéologies et des pratiques politiques et économiques aberrantes ont été déjà ou sont en cours d'être abolies ou remplacées avec ce que le Secrétaire général de l'ONU désignait dans son rapport pour 1991 comme des flots de la démocratie; c'est en vérité un processus d'instauration de la normalité, qui durant les 45 dernières années a été gravement mutilée, voire à peu près étranglée. La Roumanie a douloureusement ressenti ce mal, y compris en ce qui concerne ses relations avec la FAO.

Comme tout processus de telles proportions et importance, il ne peut avoir lieu sans secousses, sans que l'économie, la vie sociale, les habitudes et les mentalités ne soient affectées, et sans créer des difficultés, même là où il y a de très bonnes intentions et déterminations. Nous savons tout cela de l'expérience vécue par mon pays, la Roumanie, qui a mis en marche le mécanisme économique et financier du marché libre, la privatisation de l'agriculture et de l'industrie, du commerce et du tourisme, mais qui doit affronter les coûts très élevés, économiques en même temps que sociaux, de la période de transition, dont les besoins alimentaires, pour faire référence à un aspect lié à l'activité de la FAO, soulèvent des difficultés financières très importantes.

Ces phénomènes, qui caractérisent d'une manière ou d'une autre tous les pays est-européens, comme facteur spécial, apparu ou aggravé après 1989, doivent, à notre avis, retenir toute l'attention de la Conférence, et se voir reflétés dans toutes les décisions pertinentes liées à l'activité et au programme de la FAO jusqu'à la prochaine Conférence.

M. le Président, je vous demande la permission de retenir votre attention sur quelques aspects spécifiques de l'agriculture roumaine dans cette période de transition.

Le ler janvier 1991, le patrimoine foncier de notre pays s'élevait à 23 839 milliers d'hectares, dont 14 769 milliers d'hectares de terres agricoles, 6 686 milliers d'hectares de forêts, le reste représentant des terres avec eaux, chemins de fer, routes, constructions et autres terrains.

Je voudrais souligner le fait que, si jusqu'à la révolution de décembre 1989, la plupart de ces terres appartenaient à l'Etat, maintenant plus de 80 pour cent des terres agricoles se trouvent en propriété privée. Le changement de la structure de la propriété, par lequel le paysan roumain est redevenu le maître légitime de la terre qu'il laboure, a donné un sentiment de satisfaction dans le monde villageois et un engagement total de ces paysans de bien travailler ces terres. Je ne voudrais pas qu'on comprenne que les travaux vont très bien. Due à des causes objectives, mais aussi subjectives, l'application de la loi du fonds foncier, qui rétablit ou établit le droit de propriété sur les terres, s'est faite avec du retard, je veux dire la mise en pratique de cette loi, matérialisée par la prise de possession des terres par qui de droit.

La production de céréales que nous estimons réaliser cette année (environ 17 millions de tonnes) est d'un million de tonnes plus grande que celle de 1990, mais insuffisante pour faire face aux besoins internes, tant pour la consommation humaine que pour les fourrages. Due aux pluies abondantes au mois de juillet, la moisson du blé s'est beaucoup prolongée, ce qui a causé des pertes importantes, quantitatives et qualitatives.

En ce qui concerne les cultures d'automne, le tournesol, le soja, la betterave à sucre, les productions réalisées sont plus grandes par rapport à 1990, mais quand même insuffisantes pour assurer le nécessaire en sucre et huile.

Dans le secteur zootechnique, des changements ont eu lieu pour toutes les espèces d'animaux, mais particulièrement pour les bovins et ovins, qui sont passés des anciennes coopératives agricoles aux exploitations privées.

Les productions obtenues cette année dans le secteur végétal et zootechnique ont couvert en grande partie les besoins de la population en matière de produits alimentaires. Il est vrai que la consommation de ces produits se situe au-dessous de celle des pays ouest-européens et, pour certains produits, même au-dessous de celle réalisée dans les pays voisins. C'est pourquoi notre préoccupation est celle de créer les conditions et de soutenir les producteurs agricoles en vue d'obtenir des productions au niveau du potentiel naturel du pays qui permettront non seulement de couvrir la consommation interne mais aussi de créer des disponibilités à l'exportation.

Sans avoir des objections majeures concernant le document C 91/3 (Programme de travail et budget pour 1991-92) et les priorités adoptées antérieurement, la délégation roumaine est d'avis qu'il est possible que les documents respectifs soient adaptés aux nouvelles conditions créées en Europe de l'Est, sans négliger les intérêts des autres régions ou sous-régions.

L'Organisation doit s'impliquer, à côté du FMI, BIRD, Communauté européenne, Banque européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement de Londres, CEE/ONU, PNUD, Groupe des sept pays industrialisés, etc., dans un plan d'assistance pour ces pays, ce qui les aidera à traverser cette période de transition dans un délai relativement court et avec des coûts

sociaux en limites supportables. Une telle assistance, dans le cadre d'un programme spécial d'action, sera bénéfique à court terme pour ces pays, mais, à long terme, elle sera profitable aussi pour tous les pays membres, toutes les prémisses existant afin que les pays assistés deviennent, dans un court délai, des facteurs actifs de progrès pour l'activité de la FAO. D'ailleurs un exercice de revitalisation des activités de la FAO, ainsi que de toute la famille des institutions spécialisées et des programmes des Nations Unies, s'impose maintenant plus que jamais, ayant comme but l'efficacité et visant une coopération réciproque avantageuse avec d'autres institutions.

Nous assistons aujourd'hui à la manifestation prégnante du facteur économique par rapport au facteur force militaire, phénomène qui pourra devenir un facteur de stabilité sociale, élément indispensable au progrès, seulement dans la mesure dans laquelle il sera présent dans le domaine de l'assistance, du partenariat avec ceux moins dotés du point de vue économique et technique, pour ne pas remplacer une menace (celle militaire) par une autre, apparemment pacifique (celle économique). Dans les domaines qui lui sont spécifiques, l'Organisation peut beaucoup contribuer à la réalisation d'une voie juste pour la coopération internationale. Nous souhaitons que l'Organisation, la vieille dame, fasse preuve d'un permanent esprit de rajeunissement relatif à son rôle de veille et d'initiative, afin de confirmer la maturité d'une des plus anciennes institutions spécialisées de l'ONU.

Nous désirons que l'Organisation contribue encore plus pour que nous entrions tous dans le troisième millénaire libérés de l'angoisse de la malnutrition, sans parler de la famine purement et simplement, de la peur des moissons détruites par la sécheresse, les insectes, les parasites, les pluies acides, les pertes massives d'après la récolte et pendant le stockage, la perte du don génétique de la terre, le manque d'eau potable, industrielle, ménagère, les migrations écologiques inévitables, etc.

Il va de soi que l'Organisation ouvrira sans discrimination l'accès, en qualité de membres à pleins droits, aux pays qui ont gagné ou déclaré leur indépendance, dans l'esprit du droit international et dans le cadre du progrès de la démocratisation, de la priorité du droit, de la réparation de certaines injustices dont je parlais au début de mon intervention.

Pour l'accomplissement de ces buts, l'Organisation trouvera dans la Roumanie régénérée, revenue à petits pas, mais irréversiblement, à ses vertus et traditions démocratiques, étouffées mais non éteintes durant une période pendant laquelle une manière de vie et d'action nous a été imposée, un membre honnête, loyal, ouvert à la coopération et au partenariat, au respect, à la décence et à la dignité.

Ceci ont été les quelques préoccupations et réflexions d'ordre général que la délégation roumaine a désiré faire connaître dans le cadre des débats généraux.

Mais elle est, en même temps, prête à faire certaines suggestions concrètes concernant le programme et le budget, la nature de la coopération entre régions, sous-régions ou dans le cadre des régions, le système d'information sur la prévention des calamités, etc.

C'est l'expression de la foi constante de la Roumanie quant au lieu et au rôle spécial de l'Organisation, au service de la lutte contre la misère physique, matérielle et morale, pour redonner à l'individu sa dignité sur la terre, notre bateau commun unique.

Et Bon Dieu, combien de fois oublions-nous que nous sommes tous, ceux du nord et ceux du sud, ceux de l'est et ceux de l'ouest, dans le même bateau et qu'il faut tous contribuer à ce qu'il ait toujours bon vent à la poupe et, si possible, jamais d'avarie!

Mohamed MOUSSA CHEHEM (Djibouti): M. le Président, au nom de la délégation de la République de Djibouti et en mon nom personnel, j'ai l'honneur et le plaisir de féliciter M. Malik Abdul Majid pour son élection à la Présidence de la vingt-sixième session de la Conférence de la FAO qui, j'en suis persuadé, sera couronnée de succès, de joindre ma voix à celle des orateurs qui m'ont précédé pour saluer chaleureusement l'admission comme Membre de la FAO de la Lettonie, de l'Estonie et de la Lituanie, et comme Membre associé Porto Rico; je leur souhaite d'en tirer le meilleur profit.

M. le Directeur général, permettez-moi de vous présenter mes sincères remerciements pour votre aimable invitation à prendre part à cette vingt-sixième Conférence de la FAO.

Qu'il me soit permis également de vous féliciter pour la manière diligente et positive dont vous menez cette organisation.

Grâce à une gestion intelligente, active, prudente et efficace, vous avez pu mener à bon port ce navire dont vous êtes le timonier malgré les tourbillons économiques qui frappent, ces dernières années, le système économique mondial.

Par ailleurs, nous apprécions à leur juste valeur l'ensemble des efforts déployés par votre Organisation auprès des Etats sinistrés, victimes des effets conjugués des calamités naturelles et de la crise économique mondiale afin de faire disparaître de la surface de notre planète la famine, la malnutrition et la pauvreté.

Nous observons malheureusement avec amertume que, dans certaines parties du globe, des hommes, des femmes, des personnes âgées et des enfants meurent chaque jour de faim, dans des souffrances indicibles alors que, dans d'autres, des milliers de quintaux d'excédents alimentaires s'accumulent dans des silos ou des entrepôts coûteux.

Aujourd'hui, nous sentons de plus que nous partageons le même monde.

Notre planète constitue un seul ensemble. La complexité et la dépendance sont telles que toute action a des incidences, des réactions en chaîne non seulement dans les régions affectées mais dans celles encore préservées.

L'environnement forme un tout. L'échelle du monde se réduit, les distances s'estompent. Nous vivons les uns près des autres. L'équilibre de la nature et de la vie, c'est l'affaire de tous.

Il est donc urgent pour nous d'établir un ordre des relations internationales inspiré par l'esprit de solidarité, où toutes les nations agissent en partenaires égaux: les riches comme les pauvres, les pays

développés et les pays en développement, les grands pays aussi bien que les petits. L'objectif est de construire un monde qui assurera le progrès de tous, la prospérité et la justice pour l'humanité entière.

Si notre logique ne nous a pas permis encore de lever les contradictions sources de richesse et de pauvreté, d'exécution et de pénuries, alors peut-être le danger nous secouera.

Le contraste entre le gaspillage et la pénurie la plus totale de vivres, entre l'existence de richesses inutilisées et une demande de nourriture non satisfaite, est pour la communauté internationale à l'orée de l'an 2000, un crime impardonnable et sérieux.

Disette et pauvreté rurale sévissent encore dans nombre de pays dont les populations sont encore pour une large part, incapables de subvenir à leurs besoins les plus fondamentaux. Par centaine de milliers, les hommes meurent de faim et de malnutrition. La famine tue encore sur cette terre des enfants en grand nombre.

Et pourtant bien que le défi soit de taille, nous sommes convaincus que la faim n'est pas une fatalité dont il faut s'accommoder. Elle peut et doit être vaincue. L'humanité, à l'approche de l'an 2000, dispose plus que jamais de connaissances scientifiques et techniques, de moyens matériels et humains pour résoudre les problèmes alimentaires.

A côté de ces éléments négatifs, il faut bien reconnaître que la conjoncture internationale nous offre certains espoirs.

L'évolution rapide des rapports entre l'Est et l'Ouest a permis non seulement la détente et l'atténuation de certains conflits, mais aussi l'instauration d'une nouvelle forme de coopération caractérisée par une ouverture politique et économique tous azimuts. Nous souhaitons que la communauté internationale saura dépasser la simple expression de la solidarité avec ceux qui souffrent de la faim en prenant l'engagement de mettre en oeuvre des solutions durables, capables de résoudre définitivement les problèmes de l'alimentation. Nous espérons que cette même communauté qui inclut les pays les moins avancés, aura l'intelligence avant qu'il ne soit trop tard, de diminuer le taux d'accroissement de sa population afin de l'adapter à notre capacité de production de nourriture.

Ayant esquissé à grands traits certains aspects de la conjoncture mondiale qui me paraissent primordiaux, je voudrais évoquer brièvement les documents qui ont été soumis à notre examen.

Je remercie le Secrétariat de la FAO, pour leur qualité mais surtout pour l'exercice osé mais nécessaire du Plan à moyen terme. Osé, parce qu'il s'agit d'une première, nécessaire car il était temps que l'on dépasse le stade de la gestion du quotidien pour s'engager dans une politique de développement agricole à moyen terme qui nous permette d'envisager l'avenir avec plus de confiance.

Concernant le Programme de coopération technique, nous voudrions attirer votre attention, sur le caractère vital pour les PMA, de sa mise en oeuvre sur le terrain, au jour le jour, en fonction des difficultés qui surgissent au cours de l'exécution d'un programme.

Bien que, conformément au voeu de la vingt-cinquième session de la Conférence, son montant n'ait pu atteindre ni dépasser les 14 pour cent du Programme ordinaire, nous lui confirmons notre soutien déjà manifesté dans la Résolution 9/89.

Nous souhaitons cependant fermement que la part du PCT affecté à chaque pays ne soit inféodée à aucun mécanisme indicatif basé par exemple sur le chiffre indicatif de programmation (CIP) du PNUD.

Cette innovation en effet pénaliserait les pays les plus pauvres et risquerait d'engager l'Organisation dans des controverses interminables susceptibles de jeter le trouble parmi les Etats Membres.

Je souhaiterais aussi vous parler de mon pays, la République de Djibouti.

Dans un même souci de planification prospective, notre Gouvernement vient d'élaborer le deuxième plan d'Orientation des actions et des projets de développement économique et social pour la période quinquennale 1991-95. Tous les secteurs y sont naturellement programmés mais je n'étudierai devant vous que les trois options stratégiques de base qui guideront les actions de développement rural: la maîtrise de l'eau, la réduction du taux de dépendance alimentaire et la protection de l'environnement.

A Djibouti plus qu'ailleurs, la gestion des ressources en eaux conditionne tout le développement socio-économique:

- Nous souhaiterions élargir la connaissance sur les ressources en eau en recherchant les conditions de leur renouvellement. La vie des hommes est conditionnée par l'eau: en 1992, le déficit prévisible de la ville de Djibouti, atteint 7 pour cent de la consommation de 1990. L'agriculture ne se conçoit pas sans irrigation et chaque hectare de culture créé par les projets de développement a besoin de son stock annuel d'eau. Le cheptel aussi doit boire.

- Nous avons mis en place en 1990 un Schéma Directeur d'exploitation des ressources en eau qui tente d'adapter en permanence les resources disponibles aux besoins des usagers. Ce projet s'appuyant sur une banque de données hydrauliques et socio-économiques, devra aboutir à un modèle mathématique de simulation et de gestion rationnelle de l'eau.

- Nous voulons également poursuivre la réalisation d'ouvrages d'exploitation de l'eau mais aussi protéger de la pollution les activités en aval des zones de consommation.

- Nous avons à coeur, enfin, de renforcer l'organisation et les moyens de maintenance des ouvrages pour tirer le maximum de profit des investissement effectués tout en évitant les gaspillages d'eau et les quantités considérables qui se perdent chaque année dans la mer.

Quant à la réduction du taux de dépendance alimentaire, cet objectif suppose l'augmentation de la production nationale dans les secteurs de l'agriculture, de l'élevage et de la pêche.

Alors que la période passée a donné lieu à l'expérimentation en milieu réel, le plan 1991-95 sera consacré à la mise en oeuvre à grande échelle des innovations technologiques acquises. Quatre-vingt-dix pour cent de

l'enveloppe financière allouée au secteur agricole seront utilisés pour la création de nouveaux périmètres irrigués.

Le développement du palmier dattier mérite une attention particulière. La période 1986-90 a été focalisée sur une meilleure connaissance du potentiel génétique existant et aux essais de comportement des rejets.

La période qui vient verra la plantation de grandes surfaces à partir de rejets importés et de vitro-plants, la vulgarisation des méthodes de phoeniculture pour aboutir enfin à la production de dattes en quantités suffisantes.

Concernant l'élevage, deux lignes d'action se dégagent:

- Un plan d'intervention visant l'évolution de l'élevage extensif qui constitue 90 pour cent du cheptel djiboutien. Il s'agit de poursuivre l'amélioration qualitative et quantitative de l'hydraulique pastorale, de créer de vastes zones de pâturage et d'augmenter le revenu des éleveurs. Nous souhaitons enfin faire participer l'élevage des petits ruminants à l'économie nationale en améliorant la production et la commercialisation.

- Un plan d'intervention visant la sédentarisation de l'élevage partout où ce sera possible à commencer par la périphérie des centres urbains.

- Pour le secteur de la pêche maritime, elle constitue la ressource naturelle qui peut être exploitée et développée dans l'immédiat. La séquence d'opérations suivante sera mise en place

- Evaluation des ressources halieutiques qui n'est connue qu'avec une approximation laissant trop de place à l'erreur.

- Accroissement de la production et augmentation de la flottille et des techniques de pêche.

- La valorisation du poisson par le séchage, le salage, le fumage et la conservation par le froid.

- L'appui à la commercialisation sur le marché local et à l'exportation.

- La mise en oeuvre, enfin, d'aquaculture dans les lagunes.

La protection de l'environnement est la troisième voie de développement et ce n'est pas la plus facile.

Bien que les actions menées jusqu'à ce jour aient été conduites dans le plus grand respect de l'environnement naturel nous espérons que le Sommet mondial sur l'environnement prévu au Brésil en 1992 apportera à tous les participants une meilleure compréhension.

En juin dernier cependant, à l'occasion de l'élaboration du document préparé en vue de la Conférence des Nations Unies pour un environnement durable, le Gouvernement a créé au niveau politique, un Comité national de l'environnement.

C'est la première phase d'un long processus qui conduira la République de Djibouti à gérer ses ressources et son environnement naturel.

CHAIRMAN: Yes, indeed the world is shrinking and we are all faced by common problems, but the paradox is that many children are still going without food while some of us are suffering from overeating.

ASSISTANT SECRETARY GENERAL: The delegations of Ethiopia and Uganda have asked to submit their statements for inclusion in the Verbatim Records.

Zegeye ASFAW (Ethiopia): Mr Chairman, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen. It gives me great pleasure to have the honour of addressing this august body at the Twenty-sixth Session of the FAO Conference. I am also honoured in extending my sincere congratulations to you, Mr Chairman and your Vice-Chairmen, on your elections as Chairmen of this Conference.

The Twenty-sixth Session of the FAO Conference is also honoured by the admission of the four new Members to its global forum of food and agriculture. As I welcome the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Puerto Rico upon their admission to the membership of this global Organization, let me also express my assurances of cooperation in our common endeavour of facing the challenges in the areas of food and agriculture.

May I also express my heartfelt appreciations to the People and Government of the Republic of Italy, for hosting the Conference and making our tour of duty pleasant and memorable.

As you are already aware, my country, Ethiopia, just survived the most destructive and prolonged civil war and we are beginning to come out from the dooms and glooms of war. The presently prevailing motive is to make a full stop on war and reconstruct our country out of the ruins of war and establish a democracy. Thus a Transitional Government was formed so as to pave the way for permanent constitutional developments within the next two years. The spirit of the Ethiopian people is motivated through these new developments and the momentum for reconstruction is steadily growing.

Like post-war situations in many parts of the world, Ethiopia is presently passing through a period of disaster and rehabilitation, from the drought and dilapidated economy, thus the struggle for rehabilitation of agriculture and the whole economy becomes a challenge to our own national capabilities and the goodwill of the International Community. We hope that the presently prevailing positive outlooks to the developments in Ethiopia would be materialized to the extent of support that would enable our country to face the challenges for a successful objective and achievement.

The disastrous economic policies pursed by the previous regime, drought, war and adverse global conditions have brought our country to the brink of ruin. Now that these are becoming history, the possibility for a period of peaceful rehabilitation and revitalization of the economy, is being visioned through the new draft economic policies that will limit the role of the State in the economic sector, thus encouraging privatization.

Presently the population of Ethiopia is estimated at about 52 million and by the year 2000 it is expected to grow to about 70 million if the present rate of 2.9 percent growth continues. On the other hand, food production is increasing at about one percent. The food production growth will, therefore, need to address both adequacy for the prevailing shortfall and

the anticipated population increase. The food and agriculture sector will require sustained improvements and this cannot occur until the damaged images of drought are mitigated. Sustainable food production, therefore, will need to be seen both, from the point of needs for present population as well as those of the future generation.

Having deliberated on the general situations in Ethiopia, my delegation would like to indicate its positions on some of the Agenda Items presented to the Twenty-sixth Conference.

We would commend the well-balanced programme of work and budget, including the priority upon which the PWB is based. We have no doubt that these programmes of work will assist in the development needs of our country. The Ethiopian delegation, therefore, would like to indicate its support to the request outlined in the Programme of Work and Budget, increase for the TCP, the Special Reserve Account and Operational Capital Fund.

It is unfortunate that the Organization was forced to work under budgetary constraints, just because member countries fail to pay their respective assessed contribution on time and in full. We hope that this situation will be corrected in the biennium ahead of us.

Finally, our due regards to the Director-General of FAO, Dr Edouard Saouma and his staff for the commitments and dedications that they have shown in achieving the objectives that were decided in the biennial Conferences.1

Mrs Victoria SEKITOLEKO (Uganda): Mr Chairman, Mr Director-General, Honourable Ministers, Distinguished Delegates. The negative impact created by the problems of hunger, malnutrition and poverty has never been experienced before in the history of mankind. Recent studies in various parts of the world, especially in developing countries, indicate dwindling food production due to poor technology, uncoordinated food policies, environmental degradation and certain calamities such as pest outbreaks requiring large capital outlay to manage.

The problems facing Africa regarding food are well known to all the delegates here. Some countries in Africa are threatened with famine and others are faced with the problem of food imports on the continent, despite the problems of balance of payments and high debt levels. What is required now is to formulate policies and political will which will ensure food for all Africans. Mr Chairman, in 1989, I told you that Uganda was determined to increase food production and I asked our friends to assist us by purchasing whatever we produced. I am grateful to all of you because you did not let us down. We managed to produce food surpluses and we stepped up food purchases, especially through the World Food Programme. At this juncture, I wish to express special thanks to World Food Programme for the good work it is doing in Uganda. Between 1989 and now, World Food Programme has purchased food from Uganda worth about US$6 700 000.

_________________

1 Statement inserted in the Verbatim Records on request.

Food security is a topic which has been debated in various fora. It is recognized that food self-sufficiency is the most practical and reliable way of achieving food security. There is need therefore to develop policies at both national and international level which will ensure food for the starving and hungry people of the world. It is also important for the international community to develop liberal trade policies that enable developing countries to achieve food security.

Quite often, weed management, which is an important crop husbandry practice in farming, is not given its due attention. Weeds constitute a major factor in farming because yield losses between 10 and 30 percent and sometimes more have been recorded in some parts of the world due to weed/crop competition. Currently, Uganda is faced with the problem of the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on two of our major lakes. The weed, which is on the increase, is aquatic in nature and is an aggressive colonizer. The weed interferes with navigation and leads to the reduction of fish catch due to changes in the ecosystem. It is known to cause degradation of the aquatic environment through de-oxygenation of water, as a result of the decaying mats of the weed, and through disruption of the aquatic food chain suppressing the phytoplankton growth. The weed is likely to have negative effects on our commerce and national economy: we call upon the international community to give us a helping hand in the form of technical and financial assistance, so that we may eradicate this weed from our lakes and rivers; inevitably, the fisheries in Uganda are facing imminent danger.

Ladies and gentlemen, let me now turn to some of the issues to be discussed in this Conference. During the last Conference, our delegation indicated strong support for the International Conference on Nutrition. We believe that during that Conference, appropriate recommendations on how to combat malnutrition will be formulated. At this juncture, we wish to state that our arrangements to have a country paper, and to hold seminars and workshops in connection with the Conference are already under way. We wish to thank FAO, WHO and other interested sponsors for the arrangements they are making to ensure that the Conference is held successfully.

Mr Chairman, we salute FAO for the efforts so far exhibited in the area of environment and sustainable development. We should strive to conserve resources rather than destroying them. In this context, we support applied research in biological control of pests, rather than using agricultural pesticides which kill even non-target species. We wholeheartedly support the effective implementation of the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides and its recently endorsed Prior Informed Consent (PIC) clause. The development of this tool into a legally binding international instrument has our strong support. Furthermore, all developmental projects should take into account sustaining the land's productive capacity while reducing its vulnerability to environmental hazards. Soil conservation should be given high priority in all our endeavours.

It is regretted that, because of financial constraints, the Director-General has proposed a zero growth programme budget which will affect the operation of some programmes. Turning to the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP), it is regretted that Conference Resolution 9/89 is not going to be implemented. It is hoped that the Director-General will do everything possible in his powers to restore the resources available to TCP to at least its former level of 14 percent of the total Regular Programme.

We are suggesting so because we are convinced that TCP is the life-blood of the countries with developing economies.

The role of women in various economies is of paramount importance. In Uganda, like in other developing countries, it is the women who produce the food consumed in the country. In our case, it is estimated that 95 percent of the food produced in the country is actually grown by women. My Government recognizes with satisfaction the important role played by women in our economy. It is because of their vital role in society that Government decided to create a whole Ministry for women - called the Ministry of Women in Development. It is headed by a woman Minister and, in addition to her, there are other well-placed women in the Government machinery, including the Cabinet. Furthermore, my Government recently created a whole faculty for women at one of our universities, to address the issues related to women-folk. We strongly suggest that FAO should continue to assist women in developing labour-saving and time-saving techniques and technologies in crop and livestock production, fish processing and food preparation. Improved technologies for food processing and preparation should be provided to reduce the drudgery of women in developing countries. In addition, women should be given the required training to enable them to progress in their advancement in the mainstream of development. Appropriate extension strategies should be put in place.

Mr Chairman, with regard to research, there is need to indicate that whenever possible emphasis should be placed on applied research rather than basic research. The latter tends to be costly, is a long-term venture and usually yields results which cannot be applied immediately. In addition, we are all well aware that technologies developed through adaptive research can easily be adopted by the beneficiaries - the farmers. Furthermore, it is important to ensure that the technologies developed do not remain on the shelves in laboratories or libraries. Mechanisms should be put in place to facilitate the transfer of the technologies developed to farmers.

The efforts made by the FAO Secretariat in the work related to the conservation of plant genetic resources are commendable. Our stand is that each country should have sovereign rights over its gene-bank and that national in situ plant conservation programmes should be given maximum support. Training of national experts in countries where the resources exist is absolutely necessary and urgent. Mr Chairman, it is well known that biotechnology has great potential in the conservation and use of plant genetic resources and increasing food production. However, currently, most research on biotechnology takes place in the developed world. There is need to mount meaningful programmes in this area in developing countries.

Mr Chairman, before concluding I wish to inform the august assembly that Uganda welcomes you all to come and invest either individually or through joint ventures. The potential for investment for both the domestic and external markets is very high. In the case of annual crops, you only need three months to have the crop ready. Also, we have put in place an Investment Code which provides attractive incentives to investors.

Last, I wish to thank the Government and people of Italy for the hospitality accorded to us in this beautiful city of Rome, and to thank the Director-General and FAO Secretariat for the impressive arrangements they have made for this Conference.1

INTRODUCTION - PROCEDURE OF THE SESSION (continued)
INTRODUCTION - QUESTIONS DE PROCEDURE (suite)
INTRODUCCION - CUESTIONES DE PROCEDIMIENTO (continuación)

Second Report of Credentials Committee
Deuxième rapport de la Commission de vérification des pouvoirs
Segundo informe del Comité de Credenciales

CHAIRMAN: I now invite His Excellency Fotis Poulides, Chairman of the Credentials Committee, to submit his Second Report for approval by the Conference.

Fotis G. POULIDES (Chairman of the Credentials Committee): Thank you Mr President. The Second Report of the Credentials Committee. The Credentials Committee held its Third meeting today, 13 November 1991 at 11.30 hours. In accordance with Rule III-2 of the General Rules of the Organization, the Credentials Committee examined the credentials of 14 Member Nations and found them to be in order including those of the new applicant nations, thus bringing the total to 145 credentials.

Ten Member Nations have not registered to date. It is recalled that six countries have announced that they will not attend the Session. The Credentials Committee also examined the credentials of the new Associate Member of the Organization, Puerto Rico, and found them to be in order.

The Credentials Committee also examined the credentials of the United Nations, the United Nations specialized agencies and related organizations and found them to be in order.

The Committee wished to record its satisfaction at the number of credentials deposited by Member Nations which had been signed by Heads of State or Members of Governments of the highest branch.

Now I will deliver the additional list of Member Nations whose delegations have presented credentials found to be in order: Chad, Djibouti, Estonia, Guyana, Latvia, Lithuania, Paraguay, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Saint Lucia, Togo, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu. Total 14 Member Nations.

Lists of Member Nations which have not yet registered to date: Bahamas, Belize, Cambodia, Comoros, Fiji, Jamaica, Liberia, Papua New Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe, and Seychelles. Total 10 Member Nations.

_________________

1 Statement inserted in the Verbatim Records on request.

List of United Nations specialized agencies and related organizations whose delegations have presented credentials found to be in order: United Nations: United Nations Organization, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Office of the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, World Food Programme. Specialized agencies and related organizations: International Labour Organization, Welfare Organization, World Bank, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Atomic Energy Agency.

Mr President, the FAO membership is composed from 157 Member Nations. Three new Member Nations total 160 Member Nations. Credentials found to be valid: First Report 131. Credentials found to be valid, Second Report, 14. Member Nations not attending, 6. Member Nations not registered, 10. Total 161 because Barbados have listed with valid credentials, as in the list here, and then they have announced that they were not participating. This is the reason why non-participating and with valid credentials, you have 161 instead of 160. Barbados has been counted twice. Thank you Mr President.

CHAIRMAN: Are there any comments on the Second Report of the Credentials Committee: No comments. The Second Report of the Credentials Committee is adopted.

Adopted
Adopté
Aprobado

The meeting rose at 18.30 hours.
La seance est levée a 18 h 30.
Se levanta la sesión a las 18.30 horas.



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