| a | acre | lb | pound (avoirdupois) |
| a-ft | acre-foot | LC | lethal concentration |
| B.C. | before Christ | LD | lethal dose |
| °C | degrees Celsius | m | meter |
| (also centigrade) | m² | square meter | |
| cfs | cubic feet per second | m³ | cubic meter |
| cm | centimeter | mg | milligram |
| e.g. | (exempli gratia), | mi | mile |
| for example | min | minute | |
| et al. | (et alii), and others | ml | milliliter |
| °F | degrees Fahrenheit | mm | millimeter |
| ft | foot | μg | microgram |
| ft³ | cubic foot | oz | ounce |
| g | gram | pH | hydrogen-ion concentration |
| gal | gallon | ppb | parts per billion |
| ha | hectare | ppm | parts per million |
| i.e. | (id est), that is | spp | species |
| in | inch | sq ft | square foot |
| kg | kilogram | US | United States |
| km | kilometer | yd | yard |
| l | liter | ||
This tabulation, established to define the toxicity of a chemical material by classes, is useful only for those data which are applicable (Spector, 1956).
| Toxicity rating | Single oral* LD50-rats | Inhalation 4 hr vapor exposure mortality 2/6–4/6 rats | Skin LD50-rabbits | Probable lethal dose for man |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extremely toxic | 1 mg or less/kg | <10 ppm | 5 mg or less/kg | A taste, 1 grain |
| Highly toxic | 1–50 mg | 10–100 | 5–43 mg | 1 teaspoon 4 cc |
| Moderately toxic | 50–500 mg | 100–1,000 | 44–340 mg | 1 ounce 30 gm |
| Slightly toxic | 0.5–5 g | 1,000–10,000 | 35–2.81 g/kg | 1 pint 250 gm |
| Practically non-toxic | 5–15 g | 10,000–100,000 | 2.82–22.59 g/kg | 1 quart |
| Relatively harmless | 15 g and more | >100,000 | 22.6 or more g/kg | >1 quart |
* Standards for intravenous LD50 for rats and rabbits may be obtained approximately by dividing the oral toxicity standards for rats by 10.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE
P.O. Box 862
La Crosse, Wisconsin
54601
January 1970
Dear Fishery Personnel:
We have been commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to write a review on the chemical removal of undesirable fish. The FAO desires knowledge of what has been accomplished in the past thirty years in lake, pond, and stream rehabilitations so that they may evaluate the effectiveness of chemical removal in fish management. The topics which should be covered in this review are successful or unsuccessful control attempts, re-treatment of areas, obtainment of complete kills, and over-all effects of control attempts.
We would appreciate receiving the published and unpublished reports illustrating your outstanding efforts to chemically remove undesirable fish. Most of the following criteria especially follow-up efforts should be met by any reports submitted to us.
| Criteria: | Definition of problem Pre-treatment survey Treatment application Post-treatment survey Management follow-up |
Thank you so much for your consideration.
| Sincerely yours, |
 |
| Mrs. Rosalie Schnick
Librarian Fish Control Laboratory |
| Replies received | Data supplied | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| UNITED STATES | |||
| States: | |||
| Alabama | 1 | 1 | |
| Alaska | 1 | 1 | |
| Arizona | 2 | 1 | |
| Arkansas | 1 | 1 | |
| California | 2 | 1 | |
| Colorado | 2 | 2 | |
| Connecticut | |||
| Delaware | |||
| Florida | 3 | 2 | |
| Georgia | 2 | 2 | |
| Hawaii | 1 | ||
| Idaho | 3 | 3 | |
| Illinois | 5 | 3 | |
| Indiana | |||
| Iowa | 1 | 1 | |
| Kansas | |||
| Kentucky | 1 | 1 | |
| Louisiana | |||
| Maine | 1 | 1 | |
| Maryland | 3 | 2 | |
| Massachusetts | 3 | 3 | |
| Michigan | 7 | 7 | |
| Minnesota | 1 | 1 | |
| Mississippi | |||
| Missouri | 3 | 2 | |
| Montana | 2 | 1 | |
| Nebraska | 1 | 1 | |
| Nevada | 1 | ||
| New Hampshire | 2 | 2 | |
| New Jersey | |||
| New Mexico | 1 | 1 | |
| New York | 4 | 3 | |
| North Carolina | 1 | 1 | |
| North Dakota | |||
| Ohio | 2 | 2 | |
| Oklahoma | 1 | 1 | |
| Oregon | 2 | 2 | |
| Pennsylvania | |||
| Rhode Island | |||
| South Carolina | |||
| South Dakota | 1 | 1 | |
| Tennessee | 3 | 3 | |
| Texas | 2 | 2 | |
| Utah | 3 | 2 | |
| Vermont | 1 | 1 | |
| Virginia | 1 | 1 | |
| Washington | 2 | ||
| West Virginia | 1 | 1 | |
| Wisconsin | 4 | 4 | |
| Wyoming | 1 | 1 | |
| Territories: | |||
| Guam | 1 | ||
| Puerto Rico | 1 | | |
| 39 states | 81 replies | 65 supplied data | |
| 2 territories | |||
| Federal | 13 | 11 | |
| Other | 11 | 7 | |
| CANADA | |||
| Provinces and Territories | |||
| Alberta | 2 | 2 | |
| British Columbia | 3 | 2 | |
| Manitoba | 2 | 2 | |
| New Brunswick | 3 | 1 | |
| Newfoundland | 1 | ||
| Nova Scotia | 4 | 2 | |
| Ontario | 4 | 1 | |
| Prince Edward Island | |||
| Quebec | |||
| Saskatchewan | |||
| Yukon Territory | |||
| 7 provinces | 19 replies | 10 supplied data | |
| FOREIGN | |||
| Countries and Territories | |||
| Albania | |||
| Algeria | |||
| Angola | |||
| Argentina | 1 | 1 | |
| Australia | |||
| Austria | |||
| Belgium | |||
| Bermuda | |||
| Brazil | |||
| Burma | |||
| Bulgaria | 1 | ||
| Cambodia | |||
| Ceylon | 1 | ||
| Chile | |||
| China | |||
| China (Taiwan) | 1 | 1 | |
| Colombia | 1 | ||
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the Cyprus | 1 | ||
| Czechoslovakia | |||
| Dahomey | |||
| Denmark | 2 | 2 | |
| Ecuador | |||
| Finland | 1 | 1 | |
| France | |||
| Germany, Federal Republic of Ghana | 4 | 2 | |
| Greece | 1 | ||
| Guatemala | |||
| Hong Kong | |||
| Hungary | 1 | 1 | |
| Iceland | |||
| India | 3 | 3 | |
| Indonesia | |||
| Iran | |||
| Ireland | 1 | 1 | |
| Israel | |||
| Italy | 2 | 1 | |
| Japan | 1 | 1 | |
| Kenya | |||
| Korea, Republic of Lebanon | 1 | ||
| Libya | |||
| Luxembourg | |||
| Madagascar | 1 | 1 | |
| Malaysia | |||
| Malta | 1 | ||
| Mexico | |||
| Monaco | |||
| Morocco | |||
| Mozambique | |||
| Netherlands | 1 | ||
| New Guinea | 1 | 1 | |
| New Zealand | |||
| Nicaragua | |||
| Nigeria | |||
| Norway | |||
| Pakistan | 1 | ||
| Papua | 1 | 1 | |
| Peru | |||
| Philippines | 1 | 1 | |
| Poland | 1 | ||
| Portugal | |||
| Rhodesia | |||
| Romania | |||
| Scotland | |||
| Sierra Leone | |||
| South Africa, Republic of Spain | |||
| Sudan, The | 1 | ||
| Sweden | |||
| Switzerland | |||
| Tanzania | |||
| Thailand | |||
| Tunisia | |||
| Turkey | |||
| Uganda | 1 | ||
| United Arab Republic | |||
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | |
| USSR | |||
| Venezuela | |||
| Viet Nam, Republic of Yugoslavia | 1 | 1 | |
| 28 countries | 35 replies | 20 supplied data | |
The following fish classification was obtained largely by utilizing two authorities -- the American Fisheries Society's “A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada” (1960) and Gunther Sterba's “Freshwater fishes of the world” (1963).
| Common name | Technical name |
|---|---|
| LAMPREYS | PETROMYZONTIDAE |
| Sea lamprey | Petromyzon marinus |
| GARS | LEPISOSTEIDAE |
| BOWFINS | AMIIDAE |
| Bowfin | Amia calva |
| CHANIDS | CHANIDAE |
| Milkfish | Chanos chanos |
| HERRINGS | CLUPEIDAE |
| Gizzard shad | Dorosoma cepedianum |
| TROUTS, WHITEFISHES, & GRAYLINGS | SALMONIDAE |
| Pink salmon | Oncorhynchus gorbuscha |
| Coho salmon | Oncorhynchus kisutch |
| Sockeye salmon | Oncorhynchus nerka |
| Chinook salmon | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha |
| Mountain whitefish | Prosopium williamsoni |
| Cutthroat trout | Salmo clarki |
| Rainbow trout | Salmo gairdneri |
| Atlantic salmon | Salmo salar |
| Brown trout | Salmo trutta |
| Brook trout | Salvelinus fontinalis |
| Lake trout | Salvelinus namaycush |
| Arctic grayling | Thymallus arcticus |
| MOONEYES | HIODONTIDAE |
| Goldeye | Hiodon alosoides |
| PIKES | ESOCIDAE |
| Chain pickerel | Esox niger |
| Northern pike | Esox lucius |
| CHARACINS | CHARACIDAE |
| Piranhas (Caribe) | Serrasalmus spp. |
| MINNOWS AND CARPS | CYPRINIDAE |
| European Cyprinidae | |
| Bream | Abramis brama |
| Barbel | Barbus barbus |
| Goldfish | Carassius auratus |
| Carp | Cyprinus carpio |
| Garra spp. | |
| Species of Asia and Africa | |
| Barbus spp. | |
| Rohu | Labeo rohita |
| Punti | Puntius sophore |
| North American Cyprinidae | |
| Stoneroller | Campostoma anomalum |
| Utah chub | Gila atraria |
| Humpback chub | Gila cypha |
| Bonytail | Gila robusta |
| Peamouth | Mylocheilus caurinus |
| Golden shiner | Notemigonus crysoleucas |
| Common shiner | Notropis cornutus |
| Red shiner | Notropis lutrensis |
| Fathead minnow | Pimephales promelas |
| Sacramento squawfish | Ptychocheilus grandis |
| Colorado squawfish | Ptychocheilus lucius |
| Northern squawfish | Ptychocheilus oregonensis |
| Umpqua squawfish | Ptychocheilus umpquae |
| Blacknose dace | Rhinichthys atratulus |
| Longnose dace | Rhinichthys cataractae |
| Speckled dace | Rhinichthys osculus |
| Redside shiner | Richardsonius balteatus |
| Creek chub | Semotilus atromaculatus |
| SUCKERS | CATOSTOMIDAE |
| White sucker | Catostomus commersoni |
| Flannelmouth sucker | Catostomus latipinnis |
| Largescale sucker | Catostomus macrocheilus |
| Sacramento sucker | Catostomus occidentalis |
| Northern hog sucker | Hypentelium nigricans |
| Smallmouth buffalo | Ictiobus bubalus |
| Bigmouth buffalo | Ictiobus cyprinellus |
| Redhorse | Moxostoma spp. |
| Suckers | Pantosteus spp. |
| Humpback sucker | Xyrauchen texanus |
| BAGRID CATFISHES (Naked catfishes) | BAGRIDAE |
| Tengra | Mystus vittatus |
| FRESHWATER CATFISHES | ICTALURIDAE |
| Blue catfish | Ictalurus furcatus |
| Black bullhead | Ictalurus melas |
| Yellow bullhead | Ictalurus natalis |
| Brown bullhead | Ictalurus nebulosus |
| Channel catfish | Ictalurus punctatus |
| LABYRINTHIC CATFISHES | CLARIIDAE |
| Clarias batrachus | |
| LIVE-BEARING TOOTH-CARPS | CYPRINODONTIDAE |
| Guppy | Lebistes reticulatus |
| LIVEBEARERS | POECILIIDAE |
| Mosquitofish | Gambusia affinis |
| STICKLEBACKS | GASTEROSTEIDAE |
| SEA BASSES | SERRANIDAE |
| White perch | Roccus americanus |
| SUNFISHES | CENTRARCHIDAE |
| Rock bass | Ambloplites rupestris |
| Warmouth | Chaenobryttus gulosus |
| Green sunfish | Lepomis cyanellus |
| Pumpkinseed | Lepomis gibbosus |
| Bluegill | Lepomis macrochirus |
| Longear sunfish | Lepomis megalotis |
| Redear sunfish | Lepomis microlophus |
| Smallmouth bass | Micropterus dolomieui |
| Largemouth bass | Micropterus salmoides |
| White crappie | Pomoxis annularis |
| Black crappie | Pomoxis nigromaculatus |
| PERCHES | PERCIDAE |
| European perch | Perca fluviatilis |
| Yellow perch | Perca flavescens |
| Walleye | Stizostedion vitreum vitreum |
| DRUMS | SCIAENIDAE |
| Freshwater drum | Aplodinotus grunniens |
| LEAFFISHES | NANDIDAE |
| Nandus | Nandus nandus |
| CICHLIDS | CICHLIDAE |
| Tilapia | Tilapia melanopleura |
| Mozambique tilapia | Tilapia mossambica |
| LABYRINTH FISHES | ANABANTIDAE |
| Climbing fish, Climbing perch | Anabas testudineus |
| Khalisa | Trichogaster fasciatus |
| SNAKE-HEADS | OPHICEPHALIDAE |
| Koravai murrel | Channa punctatus |
| Snakehead | Ophicephalus striatus |
| SCULPINS | COTTIDAE |
| Coastrange sculpin | Cottus aleuticus |
| Prickly sculpin | Cottus asper |
| Banded sculpin | Cottus carolinae |
| Slimy sculpin | Cottus cognatus |
| SYNBRANCHOID EELS | AMPHIPNOIDAE |
| Cuchia | Amphipnous cuchia |
