India
Agarwal, K.N., Tripathi, A.M., Sen, S. & Katiyar, G.P. (1974).
Physical Growth at Adolescence. Indian Pediatrics, 11(2),
93–97.
Study of 3,555 schoolchildren of Varanasi and Ramnagar, India.
Socio-economic status - elite, middle, poor.
Bai, K.I., Raghavaprasad, K., Srinath, V., Kumar, R. & Reddy, C.O.
(1979). Nutritional and anthropometric profile of primary school
children in rural Andhra Pradesh (Kambadur I.C.D.S. Block).
Indian Pediatrics, 16(12), 1085–1090.
Low socio-economic status - very much malnutrition. Area of
Andhra Pradesh, India. Rural habitat. Study took place in
late 1970s. Cross-sectional data. Boys and girls aged 5–11
years. 6–160 in each age/sex group.
Banik, N.D. Datta, Krishna, R., Mane, S.I.S. & Raj, L. (1970).
Longitudinal growth pattern of children during pre-school age
and its relationship with different socio-economic classes.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 37, 438–447.
Longitudinal study of children from different socio-economic
classes in an urban area of Delhi, India. Sexes combined.
9–730 in each age/social group.
Banik, N.D. Datta, Krishna, R., Mane, S.I.S. & Raj, L. & Taskar, A.D.
(1970). A longitudinal study of physical growth of children
from birth up to five years of age in Delhi. Indian Journal
of Medical Research, 58, 135–142.
Study in Delhi, 1962–67, of 0–5 year olds. Longitudinal data.
57–890 in each age/sex group. 4 socio-economic levels.
Berry, J.N. Khattri, H.N., Bidwai, P.S. & Gupta, H.D. (1968).
Height and weight of male college and polytechnic students in
N. India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 56, 1783–1799.
Study of 18–28 year old men studying at Punjab universities
or polytechnics in Chandigarh, N. India. Study took place in
winter months of 1964–6. Mixed rural and urban habitats (home).
Mixed socio-economic status. Cross-sectional data.
Bharadwai, H., Singh, A.P. & Malhotra, M.S. (1973). Body composition
of the high-altitude natives of Lodakh - a comparison with
sea-level residents. Human Biology, 45(3), 423–434.
3 groups of subjects - age range in all groups 18–30 years.
1) 30 men from TA unit in Madras (sea-level) - Tamilians.
2) 45 men from Ladakh troups (high altitude). 3) 17 men from
State of Tamil Nadu (exposed to high altitude for 10 months).
Average socio-economic status. Mixed urban/rural backgrounds.
Cross-sectional data. Study took place in 1970.
Chopra, S.R.K. & Sidhu, L.S. (1967). A report on some anthropometric
observations on the Lahaulis. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und
Anthropologie, 59(1), 26–35.
District of Lahaul and Spiti in Punjab - borders Tibet on its
N. frontier. Race - Lahauli tribe. Study carried out August
-October 1964. Cross-sectional study. Adult male data. Rural
habitat.
Dayal, R.S., Kumar, R. & Kalra, K. (1977). Infant growth survey
at Agra: an anthropometric profile. Indian Pediatrics, 14(12),
979–985.
Cross-sectional study of Indian babies aged 0–1 year. Study
took place in 1969–72 in Agra and surrounding villages in
Northern India. Mixed socio-economic status. Rural community.
329–374 boys and 316–331 girls in each age group.
Dayal, R.S., Kumar, R. & Kalra, K. (1978). Growth of infants at
Agra in different residential and social groups. Indian
Pediatrics, 15(1), 3–12.
Cross-sectional survey. Urban and rural communities. Study
took place in Agra (city) and surroundings in 1969–72. Boys
and girls aged 0–1 years. Socio-economic status mixed. Race
-Indian Asian.
Donge, A., Rizui, S.N.H., Thakur, S. & Singh, V.P. (1979).
Physical growth of primary school children of Lucknow.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 46, 115–120.
Boys and girls, aged 5–11, at primary school of Lucknow city
in India. Mixed socio-economic status. Urban community.
Cross-sectional data. Study took place 1976/7. Only height
data given. 165 boys, 156 girls. Number in each age group
not given.
Ghosh, S., Bhargava, S.K. & Bhargava, V. (1970). Growth pattern
in first year. Indian Pediatrics, 7, 374–377.
Study of 0–1 year olds in New Delhi in 1966–8. Total studied
around 100.
Gupta, P.R., Dutta, A.K. & Dutta, P. (1978). Growth and development.
A cross-sectional study of pre-school children. Indian Journal
of Pediatrics, 45(365), 189–195.
Study in the Adarshnagar Sindhi Colony urban field at the Medical
College, Jaipur. Most had migrated from W. Pakistan in 1947.
600 1–5 year olds, 53% boys. 5 socio-economic groups but only
groups 3, 4 and 5 studied as hardly any found in upper groups 1
and 2. Cross-sectional study in 1975/6. Asiatic, Pakistani race.
Hauspie, R.C., Das, S.R., Preece, M.A. & Tanner, J.M. (1980).
A longitudinal study of the growth in height of boys and girls
of West Bengal (India) aged six months to 20 years. Annals of
Human Biology, 7(5), 429–441.
Cross-sectional study, 1952–66, or 303 males and 260 females
aged 6 months to 20 years in Bengal, India. Semi-urban habitat.
Middle class sample. 7–158 per age/sex group.
Indian Council of Medical Research (1972). Growth and physical
development of Indian infants and children. Technical Report
Series No. 18. ICMR, New Delhi.
National cross-sectional survey, 1956–65. 69,804 boys and
58,062 girls aged 1–21. 15–118 in each age/sex group in better
off sample. Not all ages verified. Regional and economic
samples. Class I socio-economic level in better off sample.
Injeti, M.S. & Ranganayaki, L. (1978). A cross-sectional study
of growth among schoolchildren of Visakhapatnam (Andhra
Pradesh). Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 45(371), 375–380.
Cross-sectional study of schoolchildren of average socio-economic
status from Visakhapatnam, India. 5–10 year old. 19–54 in
each age/sex group. Urban community. Study took place in 1977.
Indian race/Asian.
Katiyar, G.P., Agarwal, D.K. & Yadar, R.C. (1978). Growth standards
for urban and urban slum area infants of Varanasi. Indian
Pediatrics, 15(4), 301–309.
Longitudinal study in Varanasi, India of 25 newborns belonging
to socio-economic group I and 25 newborns from the Varanasi
slum area (0–1 years). Urban habitat. Boys and girls.
Khurana, V., Agarwal, K.N., Manwani, A.H. & Srivastava, G. (1971).
Physical growth in first five years. Indian Pediatrics, 8,
331–335.
Cross-sectional study in New Delhi in 1970. Urban community.
Average socio-economic status. Boys and girls aged 0–5 years.
Race - Indian Asian. 4–28 in each age/sex group.
Malik, S.L. & Singh, I.P. (1978). Growth trends among male Bods
of Ladakh - a high altitude population. American Journal of
Physical Anthropology, 48, 171–176.
Cross-sectional study of unrelated male Bods aged 11–19 years
in 1971. Town - Leh, in the district of Ladakh - surrounded
by China in N.E. and S.E., by Lahaul and Spiti in the south
and by Kashmir in the west. Information from the ICMR (1972)
is also given on the paper - this may be found seperately.
20–59 per age group.
Manocha, K.K. & Marya, R.K. (1979). Growth patterns of school
children in Rohtak area. Indian Journal of Medical Science,
33(4), 87–90.
Cross-sectional study of Indian/Asian schoolchildren aged
5–15 years. Low socio-economic status. About half the children
were from Rohtak city (Gandhi camp school), rest from villages,
Deighal, Bahu, Akbarpur - India. 30–315 in each age/sex group.
Rural communities. Study took place in 1974/5.
Mukerji, B, & Kaul, K.K. (1970). Anthropometric observations on
urban primary school children. Indian Journal of Medical
Research, 58, 1257–1271.
Cross-sectional of urban primary school children of varied
socio-economic status. Boys and girls aged 5–11 years in
Jabalpur, India. Study took place 1967–8. 26–240 in each
age/sex group. Race - Indian-Asians.
Patel, S.S., Dongre, A.V., Shah, S.H. & Niyogi, A.K. (1965).
Measurements of growth of children of Gujarati parentage.
Indian Journal of Public Health, 9(3), 127–134.
Longitudinal study from 1959–62 of boys and girls aged 2–5
years. Average socio-economic status. Study took place in
Baroda (Gujarat) India. Rural habitat. Race - Indian/Asian.
6–24 in each age/sex group.
Pawson, I.G. (1977). Growth characteristics of populations of
Tibetan origin in Nepal. American Journal of Physical
Anthropology, 47, 473–482.
Study of Sherpas and Tibetans - adult males. Socio-economic
status - Tibetans - poor, Sherpas - medium. Study took place
in 1971. Comparison of growth 1–22 years in each group covered
but no actual data tabulated.
Prasad, R., Kumar, R. & Dayal, R.S. (1971). Physical growth and
development from 1–5 years. Indian Pediatrics, 8, 105–120.
Cross-sectional study of 1–5 year olds. Middle- and low-income
samples. Subjects from the well-baby clinic in Bichpuri
and kindergartens and nurseries around Agra and the rural
pediatric welfare centre. Rural and urban communities. Study
took place in 1968. 2–56 subjects per age/sex group. Total
of 999 studied.
Raghavan, K.V., Singh, D. & Swaminathan, M.C. (1971). Heights
and weights of well-nourished Indian children. Indian Journal
of Medical Research, 59, 648–654.
Cross-sectional study of 5–16 year old schoolchildren in 1970.
2 socio-economic groups - well-off and low income groups. 14
public schools all over India and 8 lower class schools in
Hyderabad city. Urban communities. 18–749 per age/sex group
in well nourished sample and 46–123 in low income sample.
Rao, D.H. & Sastry, J.G. (1977). Growth pattern of well-to-do
Indian adolescents and young adults. Indian Journal of Medical
Research, 66(6), 950–956.
Upper socio-economic status. Cross-sectional study of boys
aged 17–22 years - studying in the Institutes of Technology
at Kanpur, Kharagpur, Bombay and Madras. Study date - 1975–6.
Urban community. 796 subjects. Race - Indian Asian. 77–177
per age group.
Satyanarayana, K., Nadamuni Naidu, A. & Narasinga Rao, B.S. (1980).
Adolescent growth spurt among rural Indian boys in relation to
their nutritional status in early childhood. Annals of Human
Biology, 7(4), 359–365.
Longitudinal study of the growth pattern of 677 rural Hyderabad
boys aged between 13 and 18 years. 4 nutritional groups based
on deficit in height for age when they were 5 years old. Group
I - normal, groups II & III - mild & moderate, group IV - severely
growth retarded. Poor socio-economic status.
Sharma, J.C. (1970). Physical growth and development of the
Maharashtrians. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society, UP,
Lucknow, India.
Cross-sectional study in 1958–60 of 0–21 year old Maharashtrians.
15–20 per age/sex group. Lower-middle income groups. Urban area.
Sidhu, L.S. & Kansal, D.K. (1974). Comparative study of body
composition of Jat-Sikhs and Banias of Punjab (India).
Zeitsch. Morph. Anthrop., 65(3), 276–284.
71 male students from Bania community and 72 male students
from Jat-Sikh community studied in 1971. 16–24 years old.
Cross-sectional data. Mixed urban/rural habitats. Average
socio-economic status. Race - Indian.
Sikri, S.D. (1972). A comparative study of height and weight of
Government and Public School children of Punjabi population.
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 60, 491–500.
Boys and girls aged 8–16 years. Socio-economic status - upper
group - Public schools, lower group - Government schools.
Cross-sectional study in 1970. Urban community. 11–62 per
age/sex group. Indian Asian population.
Singh, R. (1975). Nutritional anthropometric measurements of male
Tamil clerks in Madras (sea coast plains) and Ooty (hills).
Annals of Human Biology, 2(3), 301–304.
Two groups of Tamil-speaking Hindu adult males studied:-
1) from Madras (urban) - sea coast plains - S. India. 2) from
Ooty (rural) - hills - S. India (in Nilgiri hills). Both in
Tamil Nadu State. Middle socio-economic status. Cross-sectional
data. Study (1) - July 1972. Study (2) - June to July 1973.
Singh, R. (1970). A cross-sectional study of growth in 5 somatometric
traits of Punjabi boys aged 11–18 years. American Journal of
Physical Anthropology, 32(1), 129–138.
Cross-sectional study, 1968, of Punjabi speaking boys of the
Hindu Khatri caste (endogamaes). 50 per age group. 11–17
year olds measured from Delhi Government schools, 18 year olds
measured from one of the campus colleges of Delhi University.
Middle-class. Urban communities.
Singh, S.P. (1980). Growth patterns of children of Tibetan origin
living at moderate altitudes, India. Zeitsch. Morph. Anthrop.,
71(2), 187–195.
Cross-sectional study, 1975, in Tibet, India. Height and weight
data for 299 boys and 278 girls aged 9–19, also 20 men and 25
women of the Tibetan race aged 25–45. 18–34 per age/sex group.
Singh, A.P. & Rizui, S.N.H. (1977). Child growth and adult physique
in male Bhoksas of Nainital (India). Indian Journal of Pediatrics,
44(359), 359–363.
Bhoksas are an Indian tribe of the Uttar Pradesh territory in
the “terai” region of the Nainital district. Predominantly
a Mongoloid group and divided into sects. Data collected in
December 1974 - cross-sectional. Male children aged 7.5–18.5
years, male adults aged 21–60 years. Socio-economic status
- average for this type of primitive rural community.
Sloan, A.W. & Masali, M. (1978). Anthropometry of Sherpa men.
Annals of Human Biology, 5(5), 453–458.
Study of Sherpa men - a Mongolian tribe which moved from
Tibet to Nepal about 500 years ago - live mostly at altitudes
greater than 2400m. in the Himalayas. Rural district of
highest Sherpa socio-economic status. Date of study - 1976/7.
Indonesia
Bailey, K.V. (1962). Rural nutrition studies in Indonesia VII field
surveys in Japanese infants. Tropical and Geographical Medicine,
14, 111–120.
Cross-sectional study of Japanese infants in Indonesia. 3000
infants aged 3–24 months. Rural habitat. Poor socio-economic
status.
Bailey, K.V. (1962). Rural nutrition studies in Indonesia VI field
surveys of lactating women. Tropical and Geographical Medicine,
14, 11–19.
Cross-sectional study of Indonesian adult males and females.
Mixed habitat. Poor socio-economic status.
Pallencaoe, A.H., Permadhi, H., Danoemoelia, D. & Wiradisuria, S.
(1979). Growth-pattern of schoolchildren in the best circumstanced
schools in Bandung. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 19, 11–29.
Study of boys and girls aged 6–121/2 years. High socio-economic
status for the community. Urban study, 1976. Cross-sectional
study. Race - Asiatic.
Sugiono, M. & Siang, Te Bek (1964). Standard values of weight,
length and other measurements of Indonesian infants in two
M.C.H. centres in Jakarta. Pediatria Indonesia, 4, Supplement,
171–184.
Study took place 1963–4. 100–200 in each age/sex group.
Longitudinal study. 0–1 years of age. Low economic groups.
Japan
Kano, K. & Chung, C.S. (1975). Do American born Japanese children
still grow faster than native Japanese? American Journal of
Physical Anthropology, 43(2), 187–194.
Boys and girls aged 11–17 years. Race Japanese - two groups
- 1) Native Japanese residing in Japan (representative sample)
2) Hawaiian Japanese, i.e. those of Japanese ancestry residing
in Hawaii. Both groups mixed urban/rural. Middle socio-economic
status. Cross-sectional data. Study from September
1967-July 1968 in Hawaii. Japanese data from 96th Annual
Report by Japanese Ministry of Education (1968). 92,416–
161,007 in each age/sex group of Native Japanese. 6–1,000
in each age/sex group of Hawaiian Japanese.
Kimura, K. (1973). An introduction to the comparative studies of
physical growth in Okinawa Islanders. Bulletin of the Faculty
of Physical Education, Tokyo University, 12, 103–112.
Cross-sectional study in 1971 of 7–15 year old boys and girls
in Nakijinson, Okinawa. 15–23 boys in each age group, 9–20
girls in each age group.
Miyashita, T. & Takahashi, E. (1971). Stature and nose height of
Japanese. Human Biology, 43(3), 327–339.
Two groups studied - 1) Air force men, aged 18–29 years,
brought up in both urban and rural seetings in Japan.
2) Rural population aged 50–69 years brought up either in a
farming or fishing village in the Tohulcu region of the N.E.
part of main island in Japan - men and women. Mixed socio-economic
status. Cross-sectional study in 1969. 160 in first
group, 350 in second group.
Nagamine, S. & Suzuki, S. (1964). Anthropometry and body composition
of Japanese young men and women. Human Biology, 36(1), 8–15.
College students in Tokyo between 1958–1960. Men aged 18–27
years and women aged 18–23 years. Average socio-economic
standard. Urban community. Cross-sectional data. Japanese
population.
Terada, H. & Hoshi, H. (1965). Longitudinal study on the physical
growth in Japanese. 2. Growth in stature and body weight
during the first three years of life. Acta Anatomica Nipponica,
40, 166–177.
Longitudinal study in Tokyo from 1949–1962. 48 boys in each
age group and 36 girls in each age group from 0–3 years.
Urban community. Average socio-economic status.
Terada, H. & Hoshi, H. (1965). Longitudinal study on the physical
growth in Japanese. 3. Growth in chest and head circumference
during the first three years of life. Acta Anatomica Nipponica,
40, 368–380.
Longitudinal study in Tokyo from 1949–1962. 48 boys and 36
girls in each age group from 0–3 years. Average socio-economic
status.
Terada, H. & Hoshi, H. (1966). Longitudinal study on the physical
growth in Japanese. 4. Growth in lengths of extremities during
the first three years of life. Acta Anatomica Nipponica, 41,
313–326.
Longitudinal study in Tokyo from 1949–1962. 48 boys and 36
girls in each age group from 0–3 years. Average socio-economic
status.
Tokyo Department of Maternal and Child Health (1963). Physical
status of Japanese Children in 1960. Department of Maternal
and Child Health, Institute of Public Health, Tokyo.
Nationwide study in 1960 of Japanese boys and girls aged
0–18 years. Mainly urban communities. Cross-sectional
study. Mixed socio-economic status (average). Later data-1962
for Japan - also given. Very large numbers in each
age/sex group.
Tokyo Department of Maternal and Child Health (1970). Physical
status of Japanese children in 1970. Department of Maternal
and Child Health, Institute of Public Health, Tokyo.
Cross-sectional study in 1970 of Japanese boys and girls
aged 0–18 years. Very large numbers in each age/sex group.
South Korea
Korea, Ministry of Health (1967). Growth data of Korean children.
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Association, 10, Supplement
No.4 (In Korean with English summary).
National cross-sectional study in 1965. 0–23 year olds. 250
–500 in each age/sex group. Considered representative of
population.
Malaysia
Wadsworth, G.R. & Lee, T.S. (1960). The height, weight, and
skinfold thickness of Muar schoolchildren. Journal of Tropical
Pediatrics, 6, 48–54.
Cross-sectional study of 6–15 year olds in the Muar district.
20–40 in each age/sex group. Low socio-economic status.
Rural community. Malays and some Chinese. Study took place
in the late 1950s.
Nepal
Office of Nutrition. Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523 (1975). National survey - birth to approximately age five.
New Guinea
Bailey, K.V. (1964). Growth of Clumbu infants in the New Guinea
Highlands. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 10, 3–16.
Low socio-economic status - area known to growth retardation.
Study took place in 1961–2. Infants aged 0–24 months. Mixed
longitudinal study. Rural habitat - areas include Upper
Clumbu valley (Gembogl), Lower Clumbu valley (Pari), Wandi
and Minturia, and Kundiawa station, all in New Guinea. Race - New
Guinean.
Ferro-Luzzi, A; Norgan, N.G. & Durnin, J.V.G.A. (1975). Food
intake, its relationship to body weight and age, and its
apparent adequacy in New Guinea children. American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, 28, 1443–1453.
Children studied in 1) Kaul - village on Kar-Kar island on
north coast of New Guinea. Medium socio-economic status.
Maximum sample in any age/sex group - 22. 2) Lufa - in the
East Highlands. Socio-economic status average for this type
of traditional subsistence. Maximum sample in any age/sex
group - 25. Rural communities. Boys and girls aged 1–18 years.
Cross-sectional study. Study took place 1973-4.
Malcolm, L.A. (1970). Growth retardation in a New Guinea boarding
school and its response to supplementary feeding. British
Journal of Nutrition, 24, 297–305.
Longitudinal study. Children from Bundi - on the N. slopes
of Mt. Wilhelm in New Guinea. Area 600–2000m. ht. and very
rugged. A comparison of schoolchildren and village children,
the former being on a protein deficient diet. Low socio-economic
status. Racial origin uncertain. Ages 5.5–15.5 years
of boys and girls. Study took place in 1968. Village samples,
13–78 subjects in each age/sex group. School samples, 3–26
subjects in each age/sex group.
Malcolm, L.A. (1970). Growth, malnutrition and mortality of the
infant and toddler in the Asai Valley of the New Guinea Highlands.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 23(8), 1090–1095.
Study of preschool children of the Asai Valley in the New
Guinea Highlands. Boys and girls aged 0–3 years. Native New
Guineans. Longitudinal data. Study took place November 1962-October
1966. Socio-economic status low. Rural habitat. Up
to 46 in each age/sex group.
Malcolm, L.A. (1970). Growth of the Asai child of the Madang district
of New Guinea. Journal of Biosocial Science, 2, 213–226.
Children aged 6–12 years and adults aged 20–60+ years, living
in the Asai valley of the New Guinea Highlands (Madang district),
were studied approx. 1968/9 or before. Rural communities.
13 villages at altitudes from 800–2000m. Average low socio-economic
status for this area (very low for European standards).
Cross-sectional data. Natives of New Guinea. 14–61 children
in each age/sex group.
Malcolm, L.A. (1970). Growth and development of the Bundi child
of the New Guinea Highlands. Human Biology, 42, 293–328.
Study, 1958–60, of children in Bundi - northern slopes of Mt.
Wilhelm in New Guinea. Ages 1–24 years. Racial origin
uncertain. Cross-sectional study. Age at approximating
mature stature (very late), boys - 24 years, girls - 21 years.
4–78 in each age/sex group.
Sinnett, P.F. & Whyte, H.M. (1973). Epidemiological studies in a
highland population of New Guinea: Environment, Culture and
Health Status. Human Ecology, 1, 245–277.
Study took place in 1966 in New Guinea - W. Highlands.
Average socio-economic status for this type of rural, highland
population. Data for boys and girls aged 15–60+ years. Cross-sectional
data. 16–107 in each age/sex group.
Wark, L. & Malcolm, L.A. (1969). Growth and development of the
Lumi child in the Sepik district of New Guinea. Medical Journal
of Australia, 2, 129–136.
Rural community in Sepik district of New Guinea. Low socio-economic
status. Study took place in 1967. Cross-sectional
study. 0–62 years of age. 2–95 in each age/sex group.
Philippines
Matawaran, A.J. & Gervasio, C.C. (1971). Average heights and
weights of Filipinos. Philippine Journal of Nutrition, 24,
74–92.
The study covers children of 9 regions of the Philippines.
15,400 subjects measured, 7,859 boys and 7,541 girls. Mixed
habitat. Mixed socio-economic status. South-east Asians.
Data given for each year from birth to 65 years of age.
National Coordinating Center (1965). The Study and development of
Filipino children and youth. Bulletin No. 1, Series 1965.
NCC, Quezon City, Philippines.
Cross-sectional study in 1963–4 of 2–22 year olds. National
study. 300–400 in each age/sex group. Random sampling of
regional centres.
Santos-Ocampo, P.D., Cruz, I.T., Encarnecion, M., Jongco, A.P.,
Lozaro, T. & Quiaoit-Fajardo, N. (1967). Anthropometric
charts for Filipino infants. Philippine Journal of Paediatrics,
16, 4–15.
Longitudinal study. 100 in each age/sex group. 0–1 year olds.
Healthy infants born Philippine general hospital. Lower class.
Singapore
Wong Hock Boon, Tye Cho Yoke & Quek Kai Miew (1972). Anthropometric
studies on Singapore children. I. Heights, weights and skull
circumference on pre-school children. Journal of the Singapore
Paediatrics Society, 14, 68–89.
Study in Singapore from 1966–71. 4,449 boys and girls aged
2–78 months. 3 main ethnic groups - Chinese, Malay and Indian.
Mainly urban habitat. Middle and low socio-economic status.
Taiwan
Chen, K.P., Damon, A. & Elliot, O. (1963). Body form, composition
and some physiological functions of Chinese on Taiwan. Annals
of the New York Academy of Sciences, 110, 760–774.
Study in 1954 of Taiwan and Chinese subjects. Cross-sectional
data. Adult men and women. Average socio-economic status.
Rural habitat.
Chen, M.L., Chiang, C.H., Chuang, C.S. & Chen, J.S. (1974). A study
on the nutritional status and physical growth on Chinese
children and young adults. Journal of Formosan Medical
Association, 73, 374–386.
Chinese children living in Taiwan. 1–25 years old. 47,387
subjects - 23,590 female and 23,797 male. 2,300 Aborigines
from Ami, Yami, Atayal and Paiwan tribes were included.
Study took place during 1970–2. Socio-economic status mixed.
Rural and urban areas of Taiwan and Penghu (Pescadores).
Kimura, K. & Tsai, C.M. (1967). Comparative studies of the physical
growth in Formosans. I. Height and weight. Journal of the
Anthropological Society, Nippon, 75, 11–18. (In Japanese with
English summary).
Study, 1963–4, of urban 1–22 year olds in Taiwan City. 40–60
in each age/sex group. Cross-sectional data. Middle to high
economic level.
Shih, S.C., Wu, T.H. & Chen, K.P. (1966). Growth charts of height,
weight and chest and head circumferences for children under 6
years of age in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,
65, 313–325.
Study, 1960–5, of Taiwan Chinese aged 0–6 years. Longitudinal
study. Low-middle and upper-middle class.
Thailand
Hauck, H.M., Thorangkul, D. & Rajatasilpin, A. (1960). Growth in
height and weight of elementary schoolchildren (with some
observations on health and nutrition status in Bang Chan,
Thailand, 1952–55). Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 6, 84–91.
Study took place November 1952-November 1955. Boys and girls
aged 6–14 years - all attended Bang Chan primary school in
Thailand. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Mixed
socio-economic status. Asian Thailanders. 12–44 boys and
15–32 girls in each age group.
Khanjanasthiti, P. (1977). The Anthropometric Nutritional Classification
in Thai infants and preschool children. Journal of the Medical.
Association of Thailand, 60, supplement 1, 1–19.
Cross-sectional study of approx. 2,520 infants and preschool
(0–6 years) children attending well child care clinics at the
MCH training centre, Bangkok Metropolital Health Centres,
Clinicalongkom and Ramathibbdi Hospitals and 6 kindergartens
at Sudarak, Boopanuicul, Tung-Ma-Ha-Mek, Thai Women Assoc.,
Duang Thaivil and Ukonthom. Average socio-economic status.
Urban community. Date of study - 1975. Urban community.
Khanjanasthiti, P., Supchaturas, P., Mekanandha, P., Srimusikpohd,
V., Leeuwan, V. & Choopanya, K. (1973). Growth of infants and
pre-school children. Journal of the Medical Association of
Thailand, 56(2), 88–100.
Study of infants and pre-school Thai children (0–6 years).
2,026 children, about 40 boys and 30 girls in each age group.
Study carried out 1967–71. Middle and professional class
families. Mixed habitat. Cross-sectional data.
Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National Defense.
July 1960. Republic of Vietnam, Nutrition Survey. ICNND,
Washington, DC.
Cross-sectional study, 1959, of children and adults of mixed
socio-economic status. Mixed habitat.
Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National Defense.
February 1962. The Kingdom of Thailand, Nutrition Survey. ICNND,
Washington, DC.
Cross-sectional study, 1960, of Thai children and adults, with
a special study of Bang chan village children. 1–65 years of
age. Mixed habitat. Mixed socio-economic status. 4–80 per
age/sex group.
USA (Japanese)
Greulich, W.W. (1957). A comparison of the physical growth and
development of American-born and native Japanese children.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 15, 489–515.
Cross-sectional study of schoolchildren aged 6–18 in San
Francisco, California. Study held in 1956–7. Japanese
children. About 30 in each age/sex group.
Kondo, S. & Eto, M. (1972). Physical growth studies on Japanese-American
children in comparison with native Japanese. In
Proceedings of meeting for review and seminar of the US-
Japan cooperative research on human adaptabilities, Kyoto,
May 1972. Japan society for the Promotion of Science and
National Science Foundation, Kyoto.
Cross-sectional study of Japanese children in Los Angeles,
California, aged 4–17. Study held in 1971. About 40 boys
and 30 girls in each age group.
USSR
Mostavaia, L.A. (1979). Soviet Zdravookhr, 11, 41–44. (Title in
Russian).
Study of Kiev schoolchildren in 1977. Average socio-economic
status. Urban community. Boys and girls aged 8–15 years.
Cross-sectional study. Race - Russian.
Vlastovsky, V.G. (1966). The secular trend in the growth and
development of children and young persons in the Soviet Union.
Human Biology, 38(3), 219–230.
Studies in Kirrsk city, USSR in 1957/8 of boys and girls at
ages of 8 and 15 years. Average socio-economic status.
Urban population. Cross-sectional data. Sample size not
given.
AFRICA
Algeria
Sprynar, A., Pařízková & Šprynarová. (1970). Body build, composition
and functional capacity in physical education students in
Algeria. Materialy i Prace Antropologiczne, 78, 191–198.
Study of a group of physical education students in Algeria.
Graphs only given. 96 men and 29 women measured, aged 19–37
years. Urban habitat. Middle and low classes. Race - Arabs,
Kabyls and Berbers in North Africa.
Angola
Rosing, F.W. Zeitsch (1977). Anthropometry of six tribal populations
in Angola. Morphological Anthropology, 68(1), 107–122.
Study of Angolan tribes (S.W. Africa) in 1971. Rural communities.
Following tribes studied:- Oio, Chokwe, Ginga, Bieno, Liuribe,
Miula - spread throughout Angola. Socio-economic status - average
for this type of group. Cross-sectional study. Race - African.
Males & female adults studied. Only height data given.
Santos, David J.H. (1972). Height growth of Melanodermic Natives
in Northeastern Lunda - Angola. South Africa Journal of
Medical Science, 37, 49–60.
Study of Northeastern Lundas Natives - Angola. Assessments
were carried out on 16,797 male & 15,679 female, aged birth-20
years. Study took place during 1962–63. Race - African - True
Negro type. Cross-sectional study.
Benin
Cresta, M. & Spedini, G. (1968). Antropologia morfologica ed
ematologica del bassa Dahomey. Rivista Antropologia, 55, 163–178.
Study took place in 1966. Benin is on the African coast - 150
km of coast of del Golfo di Guinea. Study took place
within a 150 km radius of Porto Novo. Average socio-economic
status. Rural habitat. Adult data - 3 tribes studied:- Adja,
Kotafon and Nagot. Child data also given.
Cameroun
Office of Nutrition Agency for International Development, Washington
DC 20523 (1978). National Survey.
Birth to approximately age five.
Chad
Crognier, E. (1969). Données Biométriques sur l'état de nutrition
d'une population Africaine tropicale: les Sara du Tchad.
Biometric Humaine, 4, 37–55.
Cross-sectional study in Chad of 235 male and 266 female adults.
Rural habitat. Poor socio-economic status (small farmers).
Hiernaux, J. & Asnes, D. (1974). La Croissance des Enfants Sara de
3 a 10 Ans a Fort-Archambault (Republic du Tchad). Bulletin et
Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 13(1), 427–453.
A study of the growth of the Sara children from 3 to 10 years
in Fort-Anchambault (Chad Republic). 170 boys and 157 girls
were measured. Rural habitat. Low socio-economic status.
Egypt
El-Nofely, A.A. (1978). Anthropometric study of growth of Egyptian
Nubian children. Human Biology, 50(2), 183–208.
Cross-sectional study of schoolchildren from 3 ethnic groups
of Egyptian Nubians (Kenouz, Arabs and Fededji). Just resettled
in an urban area, but formerly from poor villages scattered on
the banks of the River Nile. Study took place 1965. 6–12 years
of age. 9–61 per age/sex group.
McDowell, A.J., Taskar, A.D. & Sarhan, A.E. (1970). Height and
weight of children in the United States, India and the United
Arab Republic. Public Health Service Publication No. 1000,
Series 3, No. 14, Rockville, Maryland.
7,119 children measured during the period 1963–5 in the US
sample as part of a health examination survey. 44,000 children
measured 1956–65 in the Indian sample by the Indian Council of
Medical Research. 100,000 children measured 1962–3 in the
Egyptian sample through a cross-sectional national school
health survey. Mixed habitat. Mixed socio-economic status.
6–11 year olds. Cross-sectional study. 536–12,727 per age/sex
group.
Office of Nutrition. Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523 (1978). National survey - birth to approximately five years.
Valsik, J.A., Strouhal, E., Hussein, F.H. & El-Nofely, A. (1970).
Biology of Man in Egyptian Nubia. Materialy i Prace
Antropologiczne, 78, 93–98.
Cross-sectional study, 1965–7, in Nubia, Egypt of Kenuzi,
Fedichi and Arabs. 127 males aged 22–55 years (mainly Kenuzi)
and 282 females aged 18–45 years (mainly Fedichi). Rural
habitat. Poor socio-economic status.
Wiercinski, A. (1970). Some inter- and intra-populational comparisons in
anthropometry of the inhabitants of the Western Desert, Siwa
Oasis, El Fayum and El Beheira. Materialy i Prace Antropologiczne,
78, 99–107.
Cross-sectional study of the regional populations in the
United Arab Republic, 1959 and 1962. Mixed habitat. 405 males.
Mixed socio-economic status.
Ethiopia
Dellaportas, G.J. (1969). Growth of schoolchildren in Gondar Area,
Ethiopia. Human Biology, 41(2), 218–222.
Cross-sectional study, 1965, of elementary and high school
children in Gondar, a town in N.W. Ethiopia. Boys and girls
aged 6–20 years. Equal racial mixture of Ethiopian tribes:-
Amhara and Tigrinian (each of which forms approximately 1/3
of the total population). Urban community. Socio-economic
status average for area. Samples 100–300 at most ages.
Eksmyr, R. (1971). Anthropometry in Ethiopian private school
children. CNU Report No. 40. Nutrition & Metabolism, 13, 7–20.
Cross-sectional study of boys and girls aged 5–16 years. High
socio-economic status. Study took place at a German school in
February 1967 and a French school in May-November 1967 - both
private schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiopian children
only included. Urban community. Only weight for height data
given. Sample sizes 10–160 in different height groupings.
Gambia
McGregor, I.A., Billewicz, W.Z. & Thomson, A.M. (1961). Growth and
mortality in children in an African village. British Medical
Journal, 2, 1661–1666.
Study of Keneba boys and girls aged 0.5–7 years. About 20 in
each sex group at each year of age. Longitudinal data. Rural
community. Measured in April and May. Study began in 1949.
McGregor, I.A., Rahman, A.K., Thompson, B., Billewicz, W.Z. &
Thomson, A.M. (1968). The growth of young children in a Gambian
village. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine
& Hygiene, 62(3), 341–352.
Boys and girls aged 0–5 years. Study began in 1962/3. Longitudinal
study. Keneba children in Gambia (in the hinterland), N.W. Africa.
Rural community. Socio-economic status low. Weight data is
“season adjusted” due to rainy seasons. Sample sizes 29–82 in
0.25 and 0.5 year age groups.
Ghana
Agbenu, E. (1969). Untersuchungen über die Körperliche Entwicklung
von ghanesischen Sshulkindern. 2. Rumpfquermasse, Brustumfang,
Hals- und Handgelenkumfang. Arztliche Jugendkunde, 60, 216–222.
Urban schoolchildren in Accra, Angola, Kumasi & Tamale, belonging
to 17 linguistic groups. Ages 7–17 years. Cross-sectional data.
4–27 of each boys & girls in each year of age, in 1965.
Agbenu, E. & Grimm, H. (1967). Untersuchungen über die Körperliche
Entwicklung von ghanesischen Schulkindern. Arztliche Jugendkunde,
58, 149–155.
Urban schoolchildren in Accra, Angola, Kumasi & Tamale, belonging
to 17 linguistic groups. Ages 7–17 years. Cross-sectional data.
4–27 of each boys & girls in each year of age, in 1965.
Liberia
Davies, A.M. & Vardy-Cohen, D. (1962). The health of schoolchildren
in Monrovia. West African Medical Journal, 11, 207–214.
Ages - 3–17 years. 16 schools. Measured by nurses to nearest
inch & pound, 1961. Cross-sectional data. 50–100 of each boys
& girls at each year of age.
Office of Nutrition. Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523 (1976). National survey - birth to approximately five years.
Libya
Interdepartmental Committee Report on Nutrition for National
Defense. December 1957. Nutrition Survey of the armed forces
and civilians, Libya.
The study was carried out during the period June-August 1957
in Libya. Mixed habitat. Mixed socio-economic status. Cross-sectional
study. Boys aged 6–70 years and girls aged 6–11 years.
3,468 males and 262 females were measured.
Malawi
Burgess, H.J.L. & Wheeler, E. (1970). Lower Shire nutrition survey.
Ministry of Health, PO Box 351, Blantyre, Malawi. (Mineograph).
0–5 and adult - ages not precisely known. Tribal villages.
Cross-sectional data. Boys and girls. 50–100 in each sex
group at each year of age.
Mozambique
Martins, D., da Costa (1971). Height, weight and chest circumference
of children of different ethnic groups in Lourenço Marques,
Mozambique, in 1965, with a note on the secular trend. Human
Biology, 43, 253–264.
Boys & girls aged 6–18 years. Measured by schools visitors.
Urban community. Longitudinal study. 150–200 in each sex
group at each year of age.
Nigeria
Edozien, J.C. (1965). Establishment of a biochemical norm for the
evaluation of nutritional status in W. Africa. Journal of the
West African Scientific Association, 10, 3–21.
Sample of medical students, Nigerian staff of Ibadan University
and University College Hospital, senior civil servants in the
Ibadan area and the families of these categories of people.
Average (upper) socio-economic status. Urban community.
Anthropometrical data given for boys & girls aged 1–11 years.
Cross-sectional data. Race - Nigerian. Study took place in
early 1960s. Sample sizes 15–46 per age/sex group.
Hauck, H.M. & Tabrah, F.L. (1963). Heights & weights of IBO of
various ages, Awo Omamma, Nigeria. West African Medical Journal,
12, 64–74.
Heights & weights of 730 IBO, 416 male & 314 female; living in
Awo Omamma, Eastern Nigeria, were reported by approximate age
groups, from 1 year to old age. Rural habitat. Cross-sectional
data. Samples less than 20 in each age/sex group up to 15 years
and then 25–34.
Janes, M.D. (1970). The effects of social class on the physical
growth of Nigerian Yoruba children. Bulletin of the International
Epidemiological Association, 20, 127–136.
Mixed longitudinal study of two groups of Yoruba children was
begun in 1962. One group is an “elite” while the other is very
poor on the whole. Urban habitat. Only adult raw data were
given. Approximately 900 adult subjects.
Johnson, T.O. (1970). Height and weight patterns of an urban African
population sample in Nigeria. Tropical and Geographical Medicine,
22, 65–76.
Sample taken as representative of Lagos, Nigeria. Urban
community. Average socio-economic status (mixed sample).
Boys & girls older than 10 years and adults studied. Cross-sectional
study. Study took place in 1967. 35–60 in each
age/sex group studied.
Johnson, T.O. (1971). Skinfold thickness in adult Nigerians.
Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 23, 347–354.
Sample taken as representative of Lagos, Nigeria. Boys & girls
10–20 studied (ages not always known). Cross-sectional study.
35–60 in each age/sex group studied.
Johnson, T.O. (1972). The physique of urban Nigerians in the
adolescent period. Environmental Child Health, 18, 134–138.
Sample taken as representative of Lagos, Nigeria. Boys & girls
10–20 studied (ages not always known). Cross-sectional study.
35–60 in each age/sex group studied.
Morley, D.C., Woodland, M., Martin, W.J. & Allen, J. (1968). Heights
and weights of West African village children from birth to the
age of five. West African Medical Journal, 17, 8–13.
Boys & girls, 0–5 years. Study of children in the village of
Imesi at the end of a road in W. Nigeria. Rural community - longitudinal
study 1957–1963. Fairly low socio-economic status
(average for African village setting). Between 343 and 249
children in each age/sex group.
Oomen, J.M.V. (1979). Body build and nutritional status of three
ethnic groups inhabiting the same locality in northern Nigeria.
Tropical & Geographical Medicine, 31, 395–403.
Data from male adult subjects of the Fulani, Hausa and Maguzawa
tribes of N. Nigeria - aged 20–40 years. Rural communities of
average socio-economic status. Data collected in 1972 (November
& December). Cross-sectional data. Race - Nigerian.
Rea, J.N. (1971). Social and economic influence on the growth of
preschool children in Lagos. Human Biology, 43, 46–63.
Children for this study were from districts in Lagos and were
considered in 3 groups contrasting in socio-economic status:-
(1) Optimum or control group - lived in Lagos Executive Development
Board's freehold housing estate. (2) Suni Lere and Yalsa - low
cost housing estate. (3) Isale Eko (on Lagos island) & Mushi
- sub-standard slums. Study took place from 1963–1965. Short-term
longitudinal study of both sexes. Ages 0–5 years. Nigerian
children - African race. Total sample in each age/sex group
up to 60 but subdivided as above.
Tanner, J.M. & O'Keefe, B. (1962). Age at menarche in Nigerian
schoolgirls with a note on their heights and weighs from age
12 to 19. Human Biology, 34, 187–196.
Eastern region of Nigeria - Onitsha and Owerri provinces. All
girls aged 12–19 attending 3 Roman Catholic residential
secondary schools. All girls were Ibo - African race. Socio-economic
status high. Urban school setting - may with rural
family homes. Study took place in 1961. Cross-sectional.
Samples 10–88 for age group.
Rwanda
Bennett, F.J., Jelliffe, D.B., Jelliffe, E.F. & Moffat, M. (1968).
The nutrition and disease pattern of children in a refugee
settlement. East African Medical Journal, 45, 229–246.
Refugees aged 1–16 in Uganda. Cross-sectional study. 8–23
boys and 4–28 girls studied in each age group.
Cresta, M. (1964). Contributo alla conscenza antropologica dei
Balsinga. Istituto di Antropologia. Università di Roma, 81–99.
Balsinga tribe of Central Africa - rural - S.W. tip of R.C.A.
Average socio-economic status for a tribe. Adult data. Cross-sectional
study.
Cresta, M. (1964). Contributo alla conscenza antropologica dei
Fullse Bororo. Istituto di Antropologia. Università di Roma,
69–78.
Bororo - African tribe - rural community in Central Africa. In
two seperate locations:- to west of R.C.A. and in very centre
of R.C.A. Cross-sectional study. Adult data. Average socio-economic
status for this type of tribe.
Cresta, M. (1964). Note antropologiche sui Baya ed i Banda della
Republica Centrafricana. Istuto di Antropologia. Università di
Roma, 59–66.
Baya and Banda tribes of Central Africa - located centrally and
to the west of Central Africa. Rural African tribes. Cross-sectional
data. Average socio-economic tribal status. Adult
data of both tribes.
Cresta, M. (1964). Antropologia morfologica e sierologica dei
N'Zakara della Republicca Centrafricana. Istituto di Antropologie
Università di Roma, 9–18.
Adult data - 104 men, 165 women. Average socio-economic status
for this rural area of Africa. Tribe - N'Zakara - in the Obo
region of Central Africa, 700km from Bangui (N.E. Congo).
Study took place in the early 1960s. Cross-sectional data.
Heintz, N. Petit-Maire (1963). Croissance et puberté feminines au
Rwanda. Mémoires Academie Royale des Sciences Naturelles et
Médicales, 12, 1–143.
Study of Tutsi and Hutu children, aged 6.5–17.5 (to nearest month).
Cross-sectional data. 50 children in each age/sex group - 1957/8.
Hiernaux, J. (1964). Weight/height relationship during growth in
Africans and Europeans. Human Biology, 36, 273–293.
Study of Tutsi and Hutu children, aged 6.5–17.5 (to nearest month).
Cross-sectional data. 50 children in each age/sex group - 1957/8.
Senegal
Massé, G. (1969). Croissance et développement de l'enfant à Dakar.
Biometrie Humaine, 4, 13–23.
Urban community. Random sample taken in maternity hospital.
A total of about 300 boys and girls aged 0.02–15.5. Longitudinal
study. Race - Ouoloffs.
Massé, G., Moreigne, F. & Sénecal, J. (1961). Poids et tailles
d'enfants dakarois pendant les quatre premières années de la
vie. Bulletin de la Société Medicale d'Afrique Noire de Langue
Francaise, 6, 661–672.
Urban community. Random sample taken in maternity hospital.
A total of about 300 boys and girls in Dakar. Longitudinal
study. Race - Ouoloffs.
South Africa
Coovadia, H.M., Adhikari, M. & Mthethwa, D. (1978). Physical growth
of Negro children in the Durban Area. Tropical & Geographical
Medicine, 30(3), 373–381.
Negro children, boys & girls aged 4–6 years in the Durban area
of South Africa. Urban community. Low socio-economic status.
Study took place in 1977. Cross-sectional study. Samples
28–51 per age/sex group. Less accurate heights & weights given
for Durban children aged 1–12 years.
Grobbelaar, C.S. (1964). Suggested norms of physical status for
White South African males aged 10–26 years, based on an
anthropometric survey.
Males aged 10–26 years. White South Africans - European.
Rural & urban subjects. Mixed longitudinal data. Study took
pleac from 1950 for 12 years. National study of South Africa.
Mixed socio-economic status. Samples 253–404 per age/sex group.
Kark, E. (1957). Sexual maturation and variation in the height and
weight growth of Bantu girls in Durban. Journal of Tropical
Pediatrics, 3, 32–40.
Girls aged 8–19 years. Mixed longitudinal study from June 1950
to December 1952. Study took place in Lamontville, a municipal
township of Durban, S. Africa. Low socio-economic status (average
for black S. Africans). Urban community. Samples 32–154 per
0.5 year age group.
Leary, P.M. (1968). The body measurements of Pedi schoolchildren.
South African Medical Journal, 42, 1314–1322.
Study started in 1965. Cross-sectional study of boys & girls
aged 7 to 15 years. Pedi tribe. Study took place in Kgdokoes
location - Central South Africa. Rural (reserve) habitat.
Low socio-economic status - average for tribe.
Leary, P.M. & Obst, D. (1968). The body measurements of Pedi schoolchildren. South African Medical Journal, 42, 1314–1322.
Prinsloo, J.G. (1964). Heights and weights of white nursery-school
children in Pretoria. South African Medical Journal, 38, 601–606.
Study took place in 15 nursery schools in Pretoria in August-September
1960. Boys and girls aged 2–6 years. Average socio-economic
status. Split into 3 groups depending upon home language
or Jewish, i.e. (i) Afrikaans speaking (ii) English speaking
(iii) Jewish. Urban community. Cross-sectional study. Race - European
& Jewish (Mediterranean). Sample 12–107 per age/sex
group.
Richardson, B.D. (1973). Growth standards: an appraisal with special
reference to growth in South African Bantu and White pre-school
children. South African Medical Journal, 47, 699–702.
The Bantu standard comprised 709 children attending nursery
schools in Soweto, Johannesburg. 652 rural and 380 urban
Bantu subjects not attending nursery schools and 379 urban White
nursery-school pupils. Rural and urban habitat. Socio-economic
status - Black-poor, White-elite. Race - African and European.
Slome, C., Gampel, B., Abramson, J.H. & Scotch, N. (1960). Weight,
height and skinfold thickness of Zulu adults in Durban. South
African Medical Journal, 34, 505–509.
Study in 1958, in Natal, of 106 male and 219 female Zulu adults
(20 years or more), residing in a housing scheme for Africans
in Durban. Urban habitat. Mainly poor socio-economic status.
Smit, P.J. (1968). Anthropometric, motor performance and physiological
studies on South African children involved in a nutritional
status survey. Research Report 273, CSIR, Pretoria.
Study, 1963. About 30 per age/sex group. Cross-sectional data.
Ages 7–15, only “fairly accurate”. Urban community.
Smit, P.J., Potgieter, J.F. & Fellingham, S.A. (1967). Body
measurements of schoolchildren of four racial groups in Pretoria.
South African Medical Journal, 41, 868–886.
Study dated 1963. About 30 per age/sex group. Cross-sectional
data. Ages 7–15 only “fairly accurate”. Urban
community.
Strydom, N.B., Morrison, J.F., Van Graan, J.H., Viljoen, J.H. &
Heyns, A.J.A. (1968). Functional anthropometry of White South
African Males. South African Medical Journal, 1332–1335.
A representative sample of South African White male adults.
Groups studied were from both administrative and active jobs.
Mixed socio-economic groups. Urban habitat. Cross-sectional
data. Race - European. 1445 subjects. Date of study - 1966/7.
Walker, A.R.P., Damyantibhamsee, Walker, B.F. & Richardson, B.D.
(1978). Growth, school attendance and serum albumen levels in
South African Black children of 10–12 years. Journal of Tropical
Medicine & Hygiene, 81(1), 2–8.
Boys & girls, 10–12 years attending 5 schools - 2 rural, 3 urban.
Low socio-economic status on whole - average for population type.
Cross-sectional study in 1976. Number in each age/sex group
approximately 145. Regions - Pietersburg area, Rustenburg area,
Johannesburg, Meadowlands and Witkoppen.
Somalia
Gallo, P.G. & Mestriner, M.F. (1980). Growth of children in Somalia.
Human Biology, 52(3), 547–561.
Cross-sectional data collected between 1971 & 1975. Study took
place in Magadish - Somalia E. Africa. Urban community.
Average socio-economic status. Data for boys & girls aged 0–18
years. Race - African Somalis. Number in each age/sex group,
10–67.
Sudan
Sukkar, M.Y., Johnson, D., Abdel Gadir, A.M. & Yousif, M.K. (1971).
The nutritional status of children in rural Khartoum. Sudan
Medical Journal, 9, 23–38.
A study of the nutritional status of children in a rural community
near Khartoum. The anthropometric survey was conducted at El
Kalakla group of villages which lies about 19 km south of Khartoum.
A total of 1,266 children (girls & boys) were examined, of these
408 were under school age. Socio-economic status - belong to
the lower income group. Race - African.
Sukkar, M.Y. (1976). SKFT and body fat in adult Fur men and women
or western Sudan. Human Biology, 48(2), 315–321.
The Fur people inhabit Jabel Marra and its surrounding lowlands
and they are descendents from Negroid stock. Rural habitat.
359 males & 202 females - adult data. Socio-economic status
average. Cross-sectional data. Study carried out in April 1969.
Tanzania
Davies, C.T.M., Mbelwa, D. & Doré, C. (1974). Physical growth and
development of urban and rural East African children, aged
7–16 years. Annals of Human Biology, 1(3), 257–268.
Longitudinal data - African boys and girls attending an urban
primary school in Dar es Salaam, East Africa, 1966–71. Also
cross-sectional data of children 7–15 years attending urban and
rural schools in Tanzania, 1972. Varied socio-economic status.
African descendents. 18–79 subjects per age/sex group.
Hautvast, J. (1971). Physical growth and menarcheal age in Tanzanian
schoolchildren & adults. Human Biology, 43, 340–343.
Schoolchildren studied from two tribes of Bantu origin in
Tanzania. Nyakyusa inhabit the Rungwe district in the South
Highlands. Survey took place in the N. district near Igogwe
and Kiwira in June 1969-February 1970. Prosperous 6–15 year
old boys and girls. 7–21 subjects per age/sex group. Kisi
inhabit the N.E. shores of Lake Nyassa. Survey in villages
Nsele, Kelondo & Lupingu in November 1967. Poor socio-economic
status. 5–26 subjects per age/sex group. 7–19 year old boys
and girls, ages not accurate. Both are rural areas. Cross-sectional
studies. Some adult data also given.
Jürgens, H.W. (n.d.). Examination of the physical development of
Tanzanian youth. Anthropological Institute, Keil.
Representative sample of schoolchildren. Ages 7.5–23. 50–300
in each age/sex group.
Kreysler, J. (1970). Anthropometric development of pre-school
children in the Pangani Basin of Tanzania. Zeitschrift für
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, 21, 126–134.
Cross-sectional study of 0–5 year old boys and girls in tribal
villages. About 15 in each age/sex group. Survey held in 1966–7.
Togo
Office of Nutrition. Agency for International Development, Washington DC 20523 (1977). National survey - birth to approximately age five.
Tunisia
Lowenstein, F.W. & O'Connell, D.F. (1974). Selected body measurements
in boys aged 6–11 years, from six villages in South Tunisia - an
international comparison. Human Biology, 46(3), 471–482.
Study took place in 1970 (summer). The boys were all from one
of six villages in S.E. Tunisia, in the Kebili district, east
of a salt lake (Chott el Djend) on the north edge of the Sahara
desert. Boys measured aged 6–11 years. Rural communities.
Mixed socio-economic group. Mediterranean peoples - Tunisian
race - N. Africa. 26–40 subjects of each age and sex.
El Lozy, M., Reed, R.B., Kerr, G.R., Boutourline, E., Tesi, G.,
Ghamry, M.T., Stare, F.J., Kallal, Z., Turki, M. & Hemaidan, N.
(1975). Nutritional correlates of child development in S.
Tunisia IV. Growth, 39, 209–221.
Boys & girls, aged 0–3 years. Pre-school children from 10 villages
situated around Chott el Djend in S. Tunisia. Rural populations.
Mixed socio-economic status - average. Study took place in 1970.
2–63 subjects of each age and sex. Race - native Tunisians - Mediterranean
peoples - N. Africa. Cross-sectional study.
Parizkova, J. & Merhautova, J. (1971). Somatic development in
relation to various functional characteristics in Tunisian
boys and girls. From Anthropological Congress dedicated to
Ales Hrdlicka 30th August - 5th September 1969, Praha, Humpolec.
Boys & girls from lycées aged 11 & 12 years from well-off families.
264 subjects in all. Boys aged 11 from a primary school (social
class IV). Study took place in Tunis (urban) in 1968. Cross-sectional
study. Race - Tunisian - N. African (Mediterranean).
Uganda
Burgess, H.J.L. & Burgess, A.P. (1965). The growth of some Uganda
schoolgirls. East African Medical Journal, 42(3), 137–142.
Study 1959–1962 at Gayaza High School, Uganda. Baganda schoolgirls
aged 8–18 years. Fairly high socio-economic status - from most
prosperous Ugandan families. Maily rural community. Cross-sectional
data/mixed longitudinal.
Burgess, A.P. & Burgess, H.J.L. (1964). The growth pattern of East
African schoolgirls. Human Biology, 36, 177–193.
Study 1959–1962 at Gayaza High School, Uganda. Bantu-speaking
girls of the Baganda tribe. Fairly high socio-economic status.
Most age groups have more than 300 subjects. Mixed longitudinal
data. Girls aged 6–18 years.
Dean, R.F.A. & Jelliffe, D.B. (1960). The diagnosis and treatment
of protein-calorie malnutrition. Courrier, 10, 429–439.
Study of 0.02–3 year old boys and girls in Baganda.
Rutishauser, I.H.E. (1965). The heights and weights of middle class
Baganda children. Lancet, 2, 565–567.
Data from child welfare clinic 16 miles from Kampala and also
from nursery schools in Kampala. Boys & girls aged 0–7 years.
Study took place from 1961–4. 77–457 subjects per age/sex group.
Some children were followed for three years, over half the group
were followed for over a year.
Rutishauser, I.H.E. (1974). A longitudinal study of growth in Ugandan
schoolchildren. East African Medical Journal, 51(9), 659–674.
Ugandan children, boys & girls aged 0–3 years - all subjects
lived within a 20 km radius of Namulonge near Kampala. Rural
communities. Ugandan children. Longitudinal study. Fairly
low socio-economic status. Study took place from 1970. 31–38
subjects per age group.
Sharper, A.G. & Saxton, G.A. (1969). Blood pressure and body build
in a rural community in Uganda. East African Medical Journal,
46(5), 228–245.
Study, 1963, of rural community living in Kasangati, about 10
miles from Kampala, Uganda. 2/3 of community members of local
tribal group (Baganda), others immigrants. 309 male and 347
female indigenous Baganda, 150 male and 78 female immigrants.
Baganda belongs to low socio-economic level, but better than the
immigrants. Race - Africans. 6–81 per age/sex group.
Zaire and Congo
Ghesquiere, J.L.A. (1970). Working capacity of Congolese men and
women. Materialy i Prace Antropologiczne, 78, 171–177.
Studied Kinshasa children aged 6–12. 15–42 boys in each age
group. Studied in schools. Well-off. Urban community. Also
Lemfu children aged 6–12. 9–39 boys in each age group. Studied
in mission schools. Poor. Rural community.
Hiernaux, J. (1964). (See Rwanda).
Hiernaux, J. (1964). Luba du Katanga et Luba du Kasai (Congo);
comparison de deux populations de même origine. Bulletins et
Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 6, 611–622.
Cross-sectional study of the Luba, Catanga and Kasai populations
of Zaire. Urban habitat. Male data only.
Hiernaux, J. (1965). Note sur les Tutsi de l'Itombwe (Republique
du Congo): la position anthropologique d'une population émigrée.
Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Antrhopologie de Paris, 7,
361–379.
Cross-sectional study of 100 Tutsi of Itombwe, 177 Tutsi of
Rwanda and 100 Fulero; living in Congo. Data given for male
adults only.
General Africa
Hiernaux, J., Rudan, P. & Brambati, A. (1975). Climate and the
weight/height relationship in sub-Saharan Africa. Annals of
Human Biology, 2(1), 3–12.
69 populations studied which were all descended from West-Central
African stock. Adult male samples. 25 populations of the
rainforest, 44 populations of the open country - rural samples
of at least 40 males (adults). Populations of the African rain
forest are believed to be descended from savanna-dwelling
ancestors. Studies from 1957–1973/4 approximately. Exact
locations of each population given with the height and weight.
AUSTRALASIA
Australia
Abbie, A.A. (1961). A preliminary study of the growth pattern of
central Australian Aboriginal males. Oceania, 3, 215–221.
Cross-sectional study of 6 months-16 year old and adult male
Aboriginees. Average socio-economic status. Study took place
in late 1950s in Aboriginal settlements in Australia - not
clearly defined which ones. Rural habitat. 1–7 per age
group plus 68 adults.
Abbie, A.A. (1967). Skinfold thickness in Australian Aborigines.
Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania, 2, 207–219.
Cross-sectional study of Aborigines in 6 areas. Ages estimated,
0.5–60. Study took place 1957–63.
Abbie, A.A. (1968). The homogeneity of Australian Aborigines.
Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania, 3, 223–231.
Cross-sectional study of Aborigines in 6 areas. Ages estimated,
0.5–60. Study took place 1957–63.
Abbie, A.A. (1974). Physical standards of Nomadic Aboriginal
children. Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 470–471.
Cross-sectional study of Aborigine boys and girls aged 0–20
years. Data collected 1951–63 in places spread throughout
Australia. Rural, nomadic communities. Fairly average socio-economic
status for the community type.
Barrett, M.J. & Brown, T. (1971). Increase in average height of
Australian Aborigines. Medical Journal of Australia, 2,
1169–1179.
Longitudinal study of male and female adult Aborigines in the
north territory of Australia - Government settlement in W.
Central part - from 1961–9. Rural community. Height data
only. Average socio-economic status.
Blanksby, B.A., Freedman, L., Barrett, P. & Bloomfield, J. (1974).
Secular changes in the heights and weights of West Australian
primary school children. Annals of Human Biology, 1(3),
301–309.
Cross-sectional study of primary school children in urban
Western Australia (Perth) in 1971 and also similar children
in New South Wales (Sydney, Eastern Australia) in 1969.
Average socio-economic status. Aged 5–13 years. West
Australian population 9.6% English born, 0.65% Greek born.
Mostly European descendents. 122–537 per age/sex group.
Brown, T. & Barrett, M.J. (1971). Growth in Central Australian
Aborigines: stature. Medical Journal of Australia, 2, 29–33.
Study, 1961–9, of boy and girl Aborigines aged 5.5–18 years.
Wailbri and Pintulsi groups (90 : 10 ratio). Mixed longitudinal
data. Socio-economic status not very high - average for this
type of group. Rural habitat. 3–52 per age/sex group.
Brown, T. & Barrett, M.J. (1972). Growth in Central Australian
Aborigines: weight. Medical Journal of Australia, 2, 999–1001.
Longitudinal study of 7–18 year old Aborigines, 1961–9. 90%
Wailbri. 11–52 boys and 10–39 girls per age group.
Cox, J.W. (1979). Growth characteristics of preschool Aboriginal
children. Australian Paediatric Journal, 15, 10–15.
Longitudinal study, begun in 1970, or Aboriginal children aged
0–5 years living in 5 Aboriginal communities in Cape York,
Queensland. Socio-economic status fairly low. Only weight
data given. 59–256 per age/sex group.
Gracey, M., Hitchcock, N.E., Wearne, K.L., Garcia-Webb, P. &
Lewis, R. (1979). The 1977 Busselton children's survey. The
Medical Journal of Australia, 2(5), 265–267.
Cross-sectional study of high school students aged 13–17, 1977,
at Busselton, W. Australia. Country town. European origin.
Medium socio-economic status. Boys and girls.
Kettle, E. S. (1966). Weight and height curves for Australian
Aboriginal infants and children. The Medical Journal of
Australia, 1, 972–977.
Longitudinal study of 400 Aboriginal infants and children
aged 0–5 years. Rural habitat. Poor socio-economic status.
30–212 per age/sex group.
Fiji Islands
Hawley, T.G. & Jansen, A.A.J. (1971). Height and weight of
Fijians in coastal areas from one year till adulthood. New
Zealand Medical Journal, 73, 346–9.
Cross-sectional study of 0–24 year olds in coastal villages
in Fiji, 1968 and 1959. Average socio-economic status - subsistence
type economy. Rural habitat. 38–108 boys and
47–95 girls per age group.
Lourie, J.A. (1972). Anthropometry of Lau Islanders, Fiji. Human
Biology in Oceania, 1(4), 273–277.
Cross-sectional study, 1966, of male adults in a large coastal
village in Fiji. Native subjects. Average socio-economic
status.
New Zealand
New Zealand, Department of Health (1971). Physical development
of New Zealand schoolchildren, 1969. Special Report No. 38,
Health Services Research Unit, Department of Health, Wellington.
National survey of New Zealand schoolchildren in 1969. Boys
and girls aged 5–15 years. Mixed socio-economic status.
Approximately 1/6 of sample were Maoris, i.e. a person having
50% or more Maori descent. 5/6 were of European descent, also
small numbers of other races, mainly Chinese, Indian and those
from Pacific Islands north of New Zealand. Cross sectional
study. 130–228 Maoris per age/sex group, 785–1185 non-Maoris
per age/sex group.
Tonkin, S. (1970). Height, weight and haemoglobin study of
adolescent Maoris and Europeans. New Zealand Medical Journal,
72 (462), 323–327.
Mixed longitudinal study of Maori 13–18 year olds at boarding
schools in Auckland, with a control group of Europeans from
European boarding schools. High socio-economic status. Study
took place 1966–9. Urban habitat. 8–27 per age/sex group.
Tonkin, S. (1966). Growth survey of Maori infants and the effect
of iron fortified milk powder on their anaemia. New Zealand
Medical Journal, 65, 942–946.
Cross-sectional study, 1965, of Maori infants in Auckland,
New Zealand. Urban habitat. Poor socio-economic status.
388 infants aged 0–18 months. 10–99 per age/sex group.
