8. REFERENCES

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ATLANTNIRO. 1982 Report on the results of the joint USSR-Sierra Leone investigations in 1981. Kaliningrad, ATLANTNIRO (mimeo)

ATLANTNIRO. 1983 Report on the joint USSR-Sierra Leone fishery investigations in the waters of the Republic of Sierra Leone in 1982. Kaliningrad, ATLANTNIRO (mimeo)

Bane, G.W. 1960 Report of the West African Fisheries Survey conducted jointly by the Government of Ghana and Star-Kist Foods, Inc. of Terminal Island, California, USA. Terminal Island, California Star-Kist Foods, Inc., Special report, August 1960

Boely, T. 1979 Biologie des deux espèces de sardinelles (Sardinella aurita Valenciennes 1847 et Sardinella maderensis Lowe 1841) des côtes sénégalaises. Thèse Doctorat d'Etat, Université de Paris VI

Burgess, T.P. 1984 etal. Liberia. Study of Mesurado fishing for fisheries development project (Liberia). November 1983 – February 1984. New York, Burgess Management Associates, 102 p.

Chrzan, F. 1961 Characteristics of the stocks composition of fish in West African shallow waters as observed in 1961. ICES Atlantic Commission, 10 p. (mimeo)

Dixon, T.E.P. and C.A. Mingle. 1981Country report on the state of the fishery and the statistical system of Liberia, 59–75, Annex 9 in CECAF, Report of the first working session of the working party on Fishery Statistics. Dakar, Senegal, 13–14 October 1980. FAO Fish.Rep., (245):141

Everett, G.V. 1976 Some data on the shrimping operations of companies based in Monrovia. MS, CECAF Project. Dakar, 7 p.

FAO. 1977 Rapport du groupe de travail ad hoc sur l'exploitation de la crevette (Penaeus duorarum notialis) du secteur Mauritanie-Libéria. COPACE/PACE Sér., (77/5): 85 p.

FAO.1979 Report of the ad hoc working group on coastal demersal fish stocks from Mauritania to Liberia. Rome, FAO, CECAF/ECAF Ser., (78/8): 98 p.

FAO. 1979 Report of the ad hoc working group on coastal pelagic fish in West Africa from Mauritania to Liberia (26°N to 5°N). Rome, FAO,CECAF/ECAF Ser. (78/10): 161 p.

FAO. 1980 Report of the second ad hoc working group on coastal demersal stocks from southern Mauritania to Liberia. Rome, FAO, CECAF/ECAF Ser., (80/223)11 p.

FAO. 1983 Report of the ad hoc working group on pelagic stocks of the Sherbro Statistical Division (34.3.3). Dakar, CECAF Project, CECAF/TECH/83/48, 162 p.

FAO. 1984 Report on the R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN fish resources surveys of West Africa: Morocco to Ghana and Cape Verde, May 1981–March 1982. CECAF/ECAF Ser., (84/29): 190 p.

FAO. 1985 Report of the second as hoc working group on pelagic stocks of the Sherbro Statistical Division (34.3.3.). Dakar, FAO, CECAF/TECH/85/65, 85 p.

Garcia, S. 1977 Biologie et dynamique des populations de crevettes roses (Penaeus duorarum notialis Perez-Farante 1967) en Côte d'Ivoire. Trav.Doc. ORSTOM, Paris,(79): 271

Garcia, S. 1984 The problems of unstable resources management. Rome, FAO, CECAF/ECAF Ser., (84/28): 39 p.

Garcia, S.and F. Lhomme.1980 Pink shrimp resources (Penaeus duoraurm notialis). FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., (186/1): 121-45

Garcia, S. 1981 and L.Le Reste. Life cycles, dynamics, exploitation and management of coastal peaneid shrimp stocks. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., (203): 215 p. Issued also in French and Spanish

Gulland, J.A. 1971 The fish resources of the ocean. West Byfleet, Surrey, Fishing News (Books) Ltd. for FAO, 225 p. Rev.ed. of FAO.Fish.Tech.Pap.. (97):425 p. (1970)

Herbland, A. and A. 1982 Le Bouteiller. The meanders of Equatorial currents: influence on biological process. Ocèanogr. Trop., 17(1): 15–25

Lagoin, Y. and G. Salmon. 1967 Etude technique et économique. Campagne de la distribution du poisson de mer dans les pays de l'ouest African. Liberia. Sec.Etat.aux Off.Etrangers, Chargé de la Coopération. République Française

Lawson, R. and M.A. Robinson. 1983 The needs and possibilities for the management of canoe fisheries in the CECAF Region. Dakar, CECAF Project, CECAF/TECH/83/47

Longhurst, A. 1958 An ecological survey of the West African marine benthos. Fish.Publ.Colon.Off. Lond., (11): 101

Longhurst A. 1960 A summary of the food of West African demersal fish. Bull.Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire, (22) : 276–82

Longhurst, A.1963 The bionomics of the fisheries resources of the eastern tropical Atlantic. Fish.Publ.Colon.off. Lond.,(20): 66p.

Longhurst, A.1965 Bionomics of the Sciaenidae of tropical West Africa. J.Cons.CIEM,29(1):23–114

Longhurst, A. 1983 Benthic-pelagic coupling and export of organic carbon from a tropical Atlantic continental ShelfSierra Leone. Estuar.Coast.Shelf.Sci.,17:261–85

Okera, W. 1976, Observation on some population parameters of exploited stocks of Senilia(=Arca) senilisin Sierra Leone. Mar.Biol.,38:217–29

Pease, N.L. 1972 The marine fisheries of Liberia 1970–71. Foreign Fish.Leafl.US.,(72–8):5 p.

Raitt D.F.S. (ed). 1969 First synoptic survey by West African pelagic fish surveys, 14–28 July 1969. Rep.Reg. Fish.Surv.W.Afr. UNDP (SF)/FAO,(RFS 69/6):30 p.

Raitt, D.F.S (ed.) 1969a Progress report March 1969. Rep.Reg.Fish. W.Afr.UNDP(SF)/FAO, (RFS 69/4) :12 p.

Rancurel P. 1968 Topographie générale du plateau continental de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Libéria. Notice Explic.ORSTOM, 7 cartes

Salzen, E.A. 1958 Observation on the biology of the West African shad Ethmalosa fimbriata. Bull.Inst.Fondam.Afr.Noire (ASci.Nat.),20(4):1389–425

Shortton R. 1982 Operations and background data, pp,.36–77. InA bio–economic analysis of a CECAF/TECH/82/41/:77 p.

Shotton R. 1984 Preliminary assessment of the northwest African small pelagic fishery., Dakar CECAF/TECH/84/56: 118 p.

Smart J.K.and G. Sheves. 1979 Liberia fisheries development. Draft report on the Artisanal Fisheries Development Mission to Liberia. Rome, FAO, GCP/RAF/807/NOR, October–December 1979

Ssentongo, G.W. 1986 and M. Ansa-Emmim. Marine fishery resources of Sierra Leone: A review of exploited fish stocks. CECAF/ECAF Ser., (86/34): 76 p.

Ssentongo, G.W., E.T.1986 E.T.Ukpe and T.O. Ajayi. Marine fishery resources of Nigeria: a review of exploited fish stocks. CECAF/ECAF Ser., (86/40): 62 p.

Strømme, T. 1983 Final report of the R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN fish resource surveys off West Africa from Agadir to Ghana, May 1981– March 1982. Bergen, Institute of Marine Research, 155 p.

Strømme, T.,G.1981 Saetersdal and H. Gjøsaeter (eds.). Preliminary report on surveys with the R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN in West African waters 1981. Bergen, Institute of Marine Research, pag.var.

Strømme, T. 1982 Preliminary report on surveys with the R/V DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN in West African waters 1981. Paper presented at the CECAF Working Party on Resource Evaluation, Sixth Session, Dakar, 2–6 February 1982. Bergen Institute of Marine Research

Troadec, J. -P. 1977 Semi-quantitative methods of assessment. FAO Fish.Circ., (701): 131–42. Issued also in French

Troadec, J. -P. and S. Garcia.1980 The fish resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Part 1. The resource of the Gulf of Guinea from Angola to Mauritania. FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (186.1): 166 p. Issued also in French

Van der Knaap, M. 1985 Preliminary annotated inventory of the scientific expeditions and resources survey carried out in the CECAF area. Inventaire préliminare annoté des expéditions scientifiques et campagnes de prospection effectuées dans la zone du COPACE. Dakar, CECAF Project/Projet COPACE. CECAF/TECH/85/64 : 145 p.

Villegas, L. and S. Garcia. 1983 Demersal fish assemblages in Liberia, Ghana, Togo, Benin and Cameroon. Rome, FAO, 16 p. + 7 charts, CECAF/ECAF Series 83/26:16 p. plus 7 charts (En)

Williams, F. 1968 Report on the Guinean trawling survey. Publ.Organ.Afr. Unity Sci.Tech.Res.Comm., (99) vol.1:828 p.

Williams, F. 1969 Review of the principal results of the Guinean trawling survey. In Proceedings of the Symposium on the oceanography and fisheries resources of the Tropical Atlantic. Review papers and contributions. Paris, Unesco, pp. 139–48

Willmann, R. and B. Frielink. 1985 The shrimp fishery of Sierra Leone. A preliminary report prepared for the fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Government of Sierra Leone. Rome, FAO, April 1985, 29 p. (mimeo)

Anon. 1978 Report on the experimental fishing activity carried out by the Romanian fishing trawler RAZELM and BISTRITA in the territorial waters of the Republic of Liberia. Deep-sea fishing Enterprise, Tulcea, Socialist Republic of Romania, 10 p. (mimeo)

Table 1

The distribution of artisanal fishing units along the coast of Liberia in 1980 (based on CECAF, 1983)
Coastal Region	Ethnic Group	Fish Landing Site	Number Canoes/Seines
Grand Cape Mount	Kru	Kru Town	40
		Other sites	26
	Fanti	Fanti Town	48
	Popoh	Popoh Beach	-
Montserrado	Kru	West Point	81
		Point Four	110
		Other sites	24
	Fanti	West Point	35
		Banjor	32
		Other sites	10
	Popoh	West Point	-	5
		Point Four	-	5
Grand Bassa	Kru	Big Fanti Town	72
		Kokowin	13
		Other sites	50
	Fanti	Big Fanti Town	23
		Kokowin	32
		Other sites	22
Sinoe	Kru	Fish Town	35
		Nikambo	45
		Other sites	105
	Fanti	Fish Town	16
		Other sites	4
Maryland	Kru	Beekli	6
		Hoffman Station	17
		Other sites	14
	Fanti	Beekli	6
		Nikambo	2
		Other sites	6

Table 2

Classification of fishing gears in Liberia (based on the Bureau of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Monrovia, Liberia)
Gear name	Gear type
Gear name	Liberian		English
1.Trawl nets	1.1	Drag net	Otter trawl
	1.2	Shrimp net	Double rig shrimp net
2. Seine nets	2.1	Beach Seine	Beach Seine
	2.2	Boat Seine	Boat Seine
3. Purse Seine	3.1	Sieve net	Purse Seine
4. Gillnets	4.1	Drift net	Drift gillnet
	4.2	Bonny net	Encircling gillnet
	4.3	Cavalla net	Surface gillnet
	4.4	Mid-water gillnet	Mid-water gillnet
	4.5	Bottom gillnet	Bottom gillnet
5. Cast net	5.1	Cast net	Cast net
6. Hook and Lines	6.1	Hook and line	Pole and lines including Hand lines
	6.2	Long line	Set long line
	6.3	Trolling	Trolling
7. Traps	7.1	Crab set net	Crab pots/traps
	7.2	Fish fence	Fence
	7.3	Mat net	Fish weir
8. Others	8.1	Spear	Harpoon
	8.2	Country net	Scoop net
	8.3	Hand	Hand
	8.4	All others	Any gear other than those listed above

Table 3

Fishing Gear characteristics and the target species caught by the artisanal fisheries (based on records of the Fisheries Division, Monrovia and CECAF, 1983)
Fishing gear	Mesh size (mm)	Gear dimensions (fathoms)		Target Species caught	Area fished	Fishing season
Fishing gear	Mesh size (mm)	Length	Depth	Target Species caught	Area fished	Fishing season
Cast net	25.4–50.8	1–5		Bonga, mullet, Sardinella	Maximum of 1 mile from shore	all year
Floating gillnet Number I Number II	152.4–228.6 76.2–101.6	65–70 30–60	2–3 2–3	Sharks, Thunnidae, rays,Sciaenidae Mackerels, sharks, tunas	Approx. 4 miles from shore 1–5 miles from shore	all year all year
Bottom gillnet	76.2–101.6	30–60	2–3	Sparidae, Polynemidae, Sciaenidae, crabs	Approx. 100 fathoms from shore	all year
Purse seine	38.1–44.5	200	20	Sardinella. spp.	Inshore	dry season
Beach seine	Cod-end wing	100–400	9–18	Sardinella, Sciaenidae	Beach area	all year
Hand lines	Hooks baited withSardinella			Sphyraena spp., Epinephelus, Sparidae	Approx. 1–3 miles from shore	all year
Set hood and line	Baited with Sardinella	25	100–200 hooks	Sphyraena spp., Sparidae,Epinephelus	Approx. 1–3 miles from shore	all year

Table 4

Reported historical trends in fishing effort of the Liberian artisanal fisheries
Year	Number of canoes¹		Number of fishermen
1967	53	150 – 200 Fanti²	1 200 Fanti and Ketas
		1 500 Kru	1 500 – 2 000 Krus²
1968	43
1969	63
1970	86
1971	65		3 000 (Aubray 1971)
1972	50
1973	48	170 Fanti	2 500³ 5 900 (1 460 Fanti)
1974	54
1975	88
1976	83	828⁴	2 668⁴ (1 876 full time)
1977	87
1978	179
1979	252	150 Fanti³ 650 Kru/Popoh³
1980	167
1981	182⁶	1 200⁴	4 500⁴
1982	206⁶		2 060⁶
1983	1 200⁷	800⁸	4 200⁸

¹ Registered number of canoes as given by Dixon and Mingle (1981) from the1976/1976 Frame Survey unless otherwise specified
² Lagoin and Salmon (1967)
³ Smart and Sheves (1979)
⁴ Dixon and Mingle (1981) from the 1975/1976 Frame Survey.
⁵ FAO (1980)
⁶ MA 1982 - this probably is the registered number of canoes. They give abreakdown as Montserrado 63; Cape Mount 60; Maryland 27; Sinoe 13
⁷ FAO (1983)
⁸ Lawson and Robertson (1983)

Table 5

Changes in size of the industrial fleet exploiting demersal fish in Liberian waters between 1960 and 1978
Year	Number of vessels	Source and comments
1960	7	Lagoin and Salmon (1967)
1961	5	Lagoin and Salmon (1967)
1962	7	Lagoin and Salmon (1967)
1963	7	Lagoin and Salmon (1967)
1964	7	Lagoin and Salmon (1967)
		Bureau of Fisheries ROL
1965	6 local, 18 in total including Japanese and Polish factory boats	Lagoin and Salmon (1967), the foreign boats fished from Angola to Mauritania.
1966	3 ex-Spanish, 3 ex-Italian	Lagoin and Salmon (1967) note these boats were old, of small engine power, and 12–20 m in length
1967
1968
1969
1970	4 Italian	Bureau of Fisheries, Republic of Liberia
	3 local	Data Sheets
1971	18 Italian 70–100'	Pease (1972)
	3 local, 7 Italian	Bureau of Fisheries, Republic of Liberia
	4 German 75'	Data Sheets
1972	3 local, 7 Italian	Bureau of Fisheries, Republic of Liberia
		Data Sheets
1973	3 local	" "
1974		" "
1975	2 local	" "
1977	2 local	" "
1978	2 Italian	Anon (1978)
	2 British
	4 Italian	FAO (80/23) notes; these were mainly
	2 Angolan plus Soviet and Japanese	small and medium sized; 33–140 t

Table 6

Vessel characteristics of the trawler fleet owned by the defunct Mesurado Fishing Company in 1979/80 based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries Monrovia and Mesurado
Name of Vessel	Gross tonnage GRT	Net tonnage	Length (m)	Width (m)	Type of vessel
Mesurado 8	98	67	20.12	6.10	stern trawler
9	98	67	20.12	6.10	stern trawler
10	98	67	20.12	6.10	stern trawler
11	88	59	21.33	5.79	stern trawler
12	98	75	21.95	6.71	stern trawler
15	88	59	20.03	6.05	stern trawler
17	88	59	20.03	6.05	stern trawler
19	88	59	20.03	6.05	stern trawler
20	112	76	21.64	6.71	stern trawler
21	112	76	21.64	6.71	stern trawler
22	112	76	21.64	6.71	stern trawler
24	115	77	22.86	6.71	stern trawler

Table 7

Vessel characteristics of twin-boom shrimp trawlers owned by Continental Sea Foods (CSF) in 1979/80 based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia and CSF
Name of vessel		Gross tonnage GRT	Net tonnage	Length (m)	Width (m)	Type of vessel
CSF	1	136	63	25.18	6.71	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	2	136	63	25.18	7.01	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	3	136	63	25.18	7.01	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	4	136	63	25.18	7.01	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	5	136	63	25.18	7.01	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	7	98	75	22.70	6.71	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	9	98	75	21.95	6.71	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	10	98	75	21.95	6.71	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	14	98	75	19.50	6.05	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	15	98	75	21.95	6.71	twin-rigged trawler
CSF	20	98	75	21.95	6.71	twin-rigged trawler

Table 8

Characteristics of industrial vessels operating in Liberian waters in 1984 (based on records of the Fisheries Division, Monrovia)
Fishing company and vessels	Vessel characteristics
Fishing company and vessels	NT	GRT
WORLDWIDE SEA FOOD
- America 5	100.54	131.64
- America 9	80.9	112.0
- America 6	68.0	100.80
- Pan America 4	98.10	129.2
- America 4	68.0	100.80
- America 3	68.0	100.80
- America 2	68.0	100.80
- America 1	66.1	97.2
ITALIAN-LIBERIAN
- F/V Tropesca II	73.65	199.63
- F/V Soldanella	67.29	139.77
- F/V Rosaria Madre	84.86	188.05
- F/V Giaguaro	21.5	47.00
LIBERIAN-FISH INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION
- Lina	147	448
MESAFCOM
- MESAFCOM 1	75	88
- MESAFCOM 2	75	88
- MESAFCOM 3	75	88
- MESAFCOM 4	80	96
SEAGULL FISHING CORPORATION
- 1 Stern trawler	-	120.2
TELMA
- Stern trawler	89.07	200.95

Table 9

Total annual catch and average species composition of the Liberian artisanal fishery in 1979 (based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia)
Fish species group	1979
Fish species group	t	%
Sparidae	22.42	(1.5)
Clupeidae	783.66	(52.4)
Galeoides decadactylus	9.48	(0.6)
Bonito, tuna and billfish	152.25	(10.2)
Sphyraena spp.	69.19	(4.6)
Rays and skates (Rajiformes)	2.60	(0.2)
Arius spp.	32.78	(2.2)
Pomadasyidae	0.83	(0.1)
Soles (Cynoglossus)	79.00	(5.3)
Polydactylus quadrifilis	0.79	(0.1)
Trichiurus lepturus	0.04	(0.0)
Pseudotolithus spp.	83.26	(5.6)
Sciaenidae	3.31	(0.2)
0Epinephelus spp. + Lutjanidae	8.67	(0.6)
Pentanemus quinquarius	3.54	(0.2)
Various sharks	62.94	(4.2)
Jacks (Trachurus)	40.76	(2.7)
Mulet (Mugilidae)	2.50	(0.2)
Caranx spp.	61.38	(4.1)
Marine crabs	0.10	(0.0)
Lobsters (Palinuriade)	1.11	(0.1)
Other marine fish	76.23	(5.1)
Total	1 496.84	(100)

Table 10

Total catch of the industrial fishery of Liberia during the period 1971–1978
Fish species group	Year
Fish species group	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977	1978	1978(%)
Soles(Cynoglossus)	72.34	122.00	225.40	123.36	153.79	160.63	196.78	351.67	11.8
Rays and skates	1.34	14.35	36.14	41.21	10.94	37.22	49.35	22.21	0.7
Sparidae	3.46	15.05	118.82	376.17	612.67	321.12	249.38	328.53	11.0
Sciaenidae	181.42	470.50	415.15	848.43	620.15	710.06	1 199.00	804.66	27.0
Sphyraena spp.	1.93	4.82	17.82	13.66	3.68	12.37	11.61	34.33	1.2
Drepane africana	31.82	52.90	54.36	45.30	62.38	79.79	56.95	950.06	31.8
Pomadasyidea	40.66	19.81	18.94	31.40	26.04	32.30	39.60	67.46	2.3
Epinephelus spp. + Lutjanidae	-	-	-	-	1.30	0.20	8.77	2.44	0.1
Galeoides decadactylus	70.54	341.86	115.96	112.04	120.02	283.22	226.44	252.29	8.5
Millidae (Surmullets)	-	-	-	54.35	1.33	28.46	-	0.62	0.0
Various sharks	4.21	20.22	12.20	10.81	0.28	12.41	11.08	3.18	0.1
Trichiurus lepturus	1.48	6.13	1.02	8.30	8.40	36.71	59.86	20.95	0.7
Ariidae	31.05	31.77	28.48	10.32	12.16	34.68	31.96	52.07	1.7
Carangidae	4.73	39.00	28.99	23.70	620.15	52.86	25.72	21.13	0.7
Other marine fish	26.98	161.94	25.06	152.65	242.25	181.62	24.82	72.46	2.4
Total finfish	471.96	1 300.35	198.34	1 850.70	2 495.54	1 983.65	2 192.95	2 984.06
Shrimp	630.00	800.00	1 300.00	1 429.00	1 351.00	1 454.00	1 166.00	1 689.00	36.00
Grand total	1 101.96	2 100.35	2 498.34	3 279.70	3 846.54	3 473.65	3 258.95	4 673.06	100.00

Table 11

Total annual catch and species composition of artisanal and industrial marine fisheries of Liberia (based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia and FAO, Rome)
Fish species group	Time in years
Fish species group	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985
Ilisha africana	46	43	55	93	95
Solea vulgaris	185	164	347	281	186
Merluccius merluccius	3	3	4	5	-
Ariidae	328	298	462	403	167
Serranidae	51	49	203	72	190
Haemulidae (Pomadasyidae)
Pseudotolithus	884	1 239	1 588	1 084	507
Sciaenidae n.e.i.	419	376	413	444	303
Dentex spp.	809	820	1 103	1 167	653
Spondyliosoma cantharus	34	36	3	8	-
Sparidae	26	37	72	404	143
Mullus spp.	68	62	41	50	65
Sphyraena spp.	801	723	824	677	440
Galeoides decadactylus	149	266	378	176	75
Pentanemus	-	65	33	611	197
Trachurus spp.	1	1	246	27	18
Carnax spp.	523	472	175	492	430
Stromateus	-	-	-	298	110
Sardinella spp.	1 553	1 399	1 375	1 109	687
Clupeoidei	488	441	227	345	583
Marlins/sailfish	-	-	-	129	78
Swordfish	38	34	53	0	24
Scombroidei	441	395	396	284	235
Trichiurus lepturus	29	28	17	4	-
Scomber japonicus	55	50	151	159	164
Rajiformes	44	55	81	77	92
Sharks /rays / skates	107	96	359	268	279
Marine fish n.e.i.	1 744	2 230	2 463	1 628	1 509
Marine crabs n. e. i.	46	42	87	39	157
Palinurus (lobster)	24	22	6	15	14
Crustacea (shrimp)	-	9	7	191	12
Cuttlefish/squid	15	14	2	4	-
Total (all species)	9 004	9 553	11 277	10 650	7 478

Table 12

Total landings of imported finfish by MESURADO Fishing Company (based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia)
Year	Imported finfish (t)
1970	9 933
1971	10 281
1972	12 287
1973	14 108
1974	11 785
1975	11 181
1976	13 701
1977	8 725
1978	6 548
1979	8 867
1980(for 8 months)	4 307

Table 13

Shrimp catch (head-on) in metric tons reportedly made in Liberian waters
Source of Data
Year	COPACE (1977) Garcia and Lhomme (1980)	Everett (1976)	FAO (1981)	Dixon and Mingle (1981)	Other estimates	Mean catch (t)
1969	400	-	400	-		400
1970	750	-	750	-		750
1971	630	-	630	630	1 300	965
1972	800	-	800	800		800
1973	1 300	1 448	1 300	1 300		1 374
1974	1 429	1 550	1 429	1 429		1 490
1975	1 228	1 301	1 350	1 350		1 326
1976		1 482	1 445	1 445		1 464
1977			1 166	2 193		1 166
1978			1 689	1 166		1 689
1979			1 490	1 409		1 490
1980					746	746
1981					-	-
1982					298	298
1983					474	474

Table 14

Total catch, effort data and catch per unit effort of the Liberian finfish trawl fishery (1971–1979) based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia
Fishing effort				CPUE
Year	No.Vessels-	(Days finished)	Total Catch (t)	Ton/vessel/day
1971	33	3 528	472	.134
1972	31	3 312	1 300	.393
1973	23	2 880	1 200	.417
1974	20	3 168	1 850	.584
1975	24	3 024	2 500	.827
1976	26	3 482	1 984	.570
1977	26	3 300	2 193	.665
1978	30	3 802	2 984	.785
1979	30	3 500	2 134	.610

Table 15

Total catch, effort data and catch per unit effort of the Liberian industrial shrimp fishery (1971–1979)based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia
Fishing effort				CPUE
Year	No. Vessels-	(days fished)	Total catch (t)	Tons / vessel/ day
1971	31	3 528	630	.179
1972	31	3 312	800	.242
1973	23	2 880	1 300	.451
1974	20	3 168	1 429	.451
1975	24	3 024	1 350	.446
1976	26	3 482	1 445	.415
1977	26	3 300	2 193	.665
1978	30	3 802	1 166	.307
1979	30	3 500	1 409	.403

Table 16

Catch per unit effort (t/day) fished of finfish species for the Liberian Industrial Fisheries (based on records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia)
Year	1980	1981	1982	1983
Days fished	2 517	861	3 394	3 735
Species:
Sole	0.07	0.08	0.02	0.05
Murluccius spp.	0.01	<0.01	0.01	<0.01
Arridae	0.14	0.01	0.01	0.01
Dentex spp.	0.15	0.48	0.13	0.18
Spondyliosoma cantharus	0.01	-	-	<0.01
Sparidae	0.11	0.02	-	0.02
Pseudolithus spp.	0.25	0.50	0.24	0.28
Sphyraena spp.	0.04	<0.01		<0.01
Pomadasys jubelini	0.02	<0.01	0.01	<0.01
Galeoides decadactylus	0.03	0.10	0.04	0.05
Serranidae	0.15	-	-	0.04
Trachurus spp.	-	<0.01	-	0.07
Caranx spp.	0.03	-	0.01	<0.01
Sardinella spp.	0.04	-	-	0.03
Sepia spp.	0.02	-	-	<0.01
Scomber spp.	0.01	-	-	0.01
Trichiuridas	0.01	0.01	0.01	<0.01
Sharks	-	-	-	-
Rajiformes	0.06	0.03	0.01	0.01
Crabs	0.03	-	-	-
Other fish species	1.03	1.63	0.61	0.50
Average catch (t/day)	2.39	2.86	1.18	1.06
Total annual catch (t)	6 016	2 462	4 005	3 598

Table 17

Monthly catch and CPUE data for the industrial fishery for the period 1980 - 1981, based on the records of the Bureau of Fisheries, Monrovia
1980			1981
Month	Catch (t)	CPUE Kg/day fished	Catch (t)	CPUE Kg / day fished
January	931.8	4.016	355	2.029
February	796.4	3.318	271	1.683
March	673.2	2.54	328	3.216
April	533.4	2.084	315	1.875
May	921.0	4.057	211	1.758
June	107.16	0.547	296	2.792
July	444.6	2.28	199	33.167
August	305.46	1.441	119	-
September	264.4	4.879	108	7.714
October	205.02	1.096	106	11.778
November	119.93	0.759	108	-
December	233.26	1.476	-	-

Table 18

Scientific expeditions and resource surveys carried out in the waters of Liberia since 1952 Based on Van der Knaap (1985)
Vessel	Area	Latitude	Period/Year	Survey name	Reference
Awefu	Sierra Leone-Liberia	0500N–0700N	July 1969	-	Raitt(1969)
Belogorsk	Liberia	0412N–0648N	Jan–Feb 1981	-	Dixon et al.(1981)
Birkut	Guinea to Ghana sector	-	1961	-	Chrzan (1961)
Bistrita	Liberia	-	June 1978	-	-
Bistrita	Liberia	-	Jan–March 1978	-	Anon.(1978)
Cape St.Mary	Senegal to Liberia sector	-	1952–1957	-	Longhurst (1963)
Columbia	Sierra Leone–Benin sector	0800S–0600N	1959–1960	-	Bane (1960)
Fridjof Nansen	Guinea to Ghana sector	0420N–1000N	June 1981	Nansen	Stromme et al..(1982)
Gerard Trech	Liberia	-	1964–1965	-	-
La Rafale	Guinea Bissau to Ghana	0400N–1230N	Feb–June 1964	Guinean II	Williams (1968; 1969)
La Rafale	Guinea Bissau to Ghana	0400N–1230N	Sept. –Dec. 1963	Guinean I	Willaims (1968; 1969)
Razelm	Liberia	-	June 1978	-	-
Razelm	Liberia	-	Jan–March1978	-	Anon.(1978)
Thue JR	Mauritania to Ivory Coast	0500N–2100N	Jan. 1969	Cruise 4	Schmidt (1971)
Thue JR	Senegal to Ivory Coast	0500N–1445N	July–Aug. 1969	Cruise 10B	Raitt (1969)
Thue JR	Mauritania to Ivory coast	0500N–2100N	Oct.–Nov.1965	Cruise 12	Raitt (1969)

**Table 19**

Results of Guinean trawling survey in Liberian waters (Northern sector) Catch rates in kg/hr by Depth Intervals (Survey I/Survey II)based on Williams (1968)
fish species groups	Depth (m)
fish species groups	15/20	30	40	50	70/75	100	200	400/600
Group I Fishes
Squaliformes	8/2	4/7	5/11	8/27	3/2	5/+	24/18	+/23
Rajiformes	11/+	12/23	20/3	8/3	2/+	+/+	+/0
Ariidae	16/8	4/13	+/1	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Carangidae	89/32	52/126	28/83	+/14	22/3	+/3	142/0	+/0
Clupeidae	67/64	40/93	+/4	+/1	+/61	0/0	+/0	0/0
Ephippidae	21/13	+/32	0/1	0/+	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Lutjanidae	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/1	0/+	0/0	0/0
Mullidae	0/0	+/0	2/+	+/0	2/1	0/1	0/0	0/0
Pleuronectiformes	8/2	13/18	53/20	6/9	+/+	+/+	+/+	+/1
Polynemidae	14/21	+/27	+/3	0/+	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Pomadasyidae	18/73	8/286	248/789	32/205	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Sciaenidae	141/78	110/215	25/43	1/18	2/8	0/49	137/38	0/+
Scombridae	+/0	+/0	0/0	+/0	18/+	+/0	11/0	0/0
Serranidae	+/+	+/+	+/+	10/3	19/3	6/+	+/0	0/0
Sparidae	8/9	12/+	9/2	28/11	162/25	77/12	3/1	0/0
Sphyraenidae	+/10	+/1	+/5	+/7	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/0
Group II fishes	0/1	0/0	0/0	0/0	9/3	46/437	147/667	3/12
Group III fishes	50/6	19/3	31/1	12/5	24/13	9/1	12/+	34/3

Table 20

Results of Guinean trawling survey in Liberian waters (Southern sector) Catch rates in kg/hr by Depth Intervals (Survey I/Survey II)Based on Williams (1968)
Fish species groups	Depth (m)
Fish species groups	15/20	30	40	50	70/75	100	200	400/600
Group I Fishes
Squaliformes	-/-	0/-	2/-	2/9	1/2	16/+	7/1	+/+
Rajiformes	-/-	17/-	11/-	9/3	+/+	3/+	0/+	+/0
Ariidae	-/-	0/-	0/-	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Carangidae	-/-	+/-	1/-	5/22	22/79	34/50	0/0	0/0
Clupeidae	-/-	0/-	+/-	14/23	295/8	0/0	0/0	0/
Ephippidae	-/-	0/-	0/-	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Lutjanidae	-/-	0/-	0/-	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Mullidae	-/-	+/-	+/-	+/1	18/7	0/0	0/0	0/0
Pleunonectiformes	-/-	18/-	5/-	14/+	+/+	+/0	+/+	+/1
Polyemidae	-/-	0/-	+/-	0/+	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Pomadasyidae	-/-	138/-	81/-	237/197	0/0	0/0	0/0	0/0
Sciaenidae	-/-	18/-	0/-	5/+	2/+	83/0	28/2	0/0
Scombridae	-/-	0/-	+/-	+/+	51/+	10/1	1/0	0/0
Serranidae	-/-	0/-	+/-	4/+	9/7	+/+	0/0	0/0
Sparidae	-/-	80/-	4/-	28/8	213/88	53/105	2/+	0/0
Sphyraenidae	-/-	+/-	+/-	2/27	0/+	0/0	0/0	0/0
Group II Fishes	-/-	0/-	5/-	15/4	43/95	39/64	103/52	0/44
Group III Fishes	-/-	9/-	16/-	8/4	+/7	+/+	9/4	14/23

Table 21

Vessel power rating used in the analysis given
Vessel	Length (ft)	(LAO) (m)	Engine power (hp)	Vessel	Engine power(hp)
Mesu 6	75	22.9	335	America 1	335
7	75	22.9	335	2	335
8	75	22.9	335	3	335
9	75	22.9	335	4	335
10	75	22.9	335	5	335
11	75	22.9	335	6	335
12	75	22.9	335	7	335
15	75	22.9	335	8	335
16	75	22.9	365	0	335
17	80	24.4	365	Pan America 4	335
20	80	24.4	-380	CSF 1^a	365
21	80	24.4	-380	2	365
22	85	25.9	365	7	365
24	85	25.9	365	9	365
26	85	25.9	365	10
27	85	25.9	365	14
Newebe 2			365	15
7				Nagror 2
Retni 1				8
3				9
Ruyban 2
5

^aContinental sea food (CSF) - some Bassi class trawlers may have been uprated to 385 hp.

Table 22

Estimated number of 365 hp vessels which have operated in Liberian waters during the period 1971 – 1981. based on Burgess Management Associates (1984)
Year	Estimated mean catch (t)	Estimated number of vessels 365 hp	No. of days fished	CPUE for 365 hp vessels t/vessel/yr
1971	965	6	3 528	161
1972	800	9	3 312	89
1973	1 374	9	2 880	153
1974	1 490	12	3 168	124
1975	1 326	12	3 024	111
1976	1 464	12	3 482	122
1977	1 166	14	3 300	93
1978	1 689	14	3 802	120
1979	1 490	14	3 500	106
1980	746	14	-	-
1981	-	14	-	-
1982	298	-	-	-
1983	474	-	-	-

Fig. 1a Bottom deposits on the continental shelf of northern Liberia and depth contours, based on Rancurel (1965) and Villeges and Garcia (1983)

Fig. 1b Bottom deposits on the continental shelf of Central Liberia and depth contours, based on Rancurel (1965) and Villeges and Garcia (1983)

Fig. 1c Bottom deposits on the continental shelf of southern Liberia and depth contours, based on Rancurel (1965) and Villeges and Garcia (1983)

Fig. 2 The location of coastal rivers which influence the depositional and erosionak features as well as the hydrographic conditions along the coast of Liberia.

Fig. 3 Isoptherms of yearly average maximum temperatures in Liberia, based on records of the Liberian Hydrological Service

Fig. 4 Isotherms if yearly average minimum temperature in Liberia, based on records of the Liberian Hdrological Service

Fig. 5 Diagrammatic representaion of basic features of the surface current system of the Central Atlantic Ocean

Fig. 6 Diagramshowing the distribution of exploited stocks on the Liberian shelf and the location of present-day and possible future fisheries

Fig. 7a The distribution pattern of species assemblages on the continental shelf of Northern Liberia, based on Villegas and Garcia (1983)

Fig. 7b The distribution pattern of species assemblages on the continental shelf of Central Liberia, based on Villegas and Garcia (1983)

Fig. 7c The distribution pattern of species assemblages on the continental shelf of sothern Liberia, based on Villegas and Garcia (1983)