The following costs are recorded in US$ and are based on information collected during the mission. Where necessary, up- to-date costs in Italy are used.
CAPITAL COSTS
1. Land. Purchase of 17 ha on the sea shore, price allowed 4,800 US$/ha.
2. Services. Energy to be provided through a 5 km line. 1988 cost per km is 10,000 US$. Installation of a 80 KVA transformer, complete with cabin, is estimated at 54,000 US$. Power required: at least 50 kw.
3. Roads. Internal roads for tractor and trucks (2804 m3 of gravel).
4. Water supply system. The sea shore and bottom are assumed to be sandy, with a slope (in water) of 2%. Average tide is 40 cm. The system comprises an off-shore (200 m) rocky basement which shelters two concrete pipes (Æ 400). The pipes enter the beach at a depth of at least 4 m, and carry water to the earth pump basin. The pumps lift water into a concrete still basin.
5. Ponds. The actual site level is thought to be +2.00 m a.s.level, thus enabling all ponds to be drained by gravity. 83,000 US$ are allowed for site preparation and pond construction. Allow 29,000 US$ for distribution pipe and pond outlet system (concrete pipe and monk).
6. Pumps. The two centrifugal pumps should have a maximum flow of 180 l/sec each, at a head of 7 m. Allow 14,500 US$ for pumps and suction/priming pipes.
7. Building. An air conditioned room should be used asa food store. In the same building the workshop will be located (total 75 m2). A building will be used as a net/equipment store, with facilities for packaging harvested fish (80 m2). A third building for staff accommodation (70 m2). A rate of 136 US$/m2 has been applied, plus furniture cost.
8. Vehicles. A tractor complete with feeding gun, trailer and crane to be used as a multipurpose machine (allow 18,500 US$). A 5.0 t refrigerated truck for fresh and frozen fish shipment (allow 24,000 US$) and a pick-up (allow 12,000 US$) for on-farm transportation.
9. Equipment. Allow 12,000 US$ for a 50 KVA generator set. Allow 10,700 US$ for an ice-machine (750 kg/day). Allow 2,800 US$ for a tractor-powered pump (Q= 30 l/sec).
10. Miscellaneous. Allow 8,500 US$ for a small boat, scales (200 kg), fishing net and various equipment, pump control board, cables, external lighting and food store air conditioning.
11. Engineering. Allow 5% of the civil works cost.
12. Contingencies. 10%.
Table 18. Model 2 - Sea Bream Farm. Capital Costs
| CAPITAL COSTS (US$) | Year 1 | Year 2 |
| PONDS: (1) Land (2) Services (3) Roads (4) Water supply system (5) Ponds (6) Pumps (7) Buildings (8) Vehicles (9) Equipment (10) Miscellaneous (11) Engineering (12) Contigencies | 315,309 | 149,030 |
| PACKAGING/DISTRIBUTION | ||
| (7) Buildings (8) Vehicles (9) Equipment (11) Engineering (12) Contingencies | - | 38,196 |
| ACCOMMODATION | ||
| (7) Buildings | 12,230 | - |
| TOTAL | 327,539 | 187,226 |
OPERATING COSTS
Overhead/Fixed
1. Management. A trained biologist is required. 8830 US$/year.
2. Labour full-time. One qualified worker for maintenance (3300 US$/year). 3 unskilled workers, one guard and two drivers (9936 US$/year). 1 book keeper (2200 US$/year).
3. Administration. Allow 4,000 US$/year for telephone and telex.
4. Technical assistance. Allow 8000 US$ in year 0 for training. Allow 5600 US$/m for total 5 m/month technical assistance.
5. Travel expenses. Allow 2400 US$/year for various travel expenses.
6. Maintenance. 1% of capital costs each year.
7. Depreciation. Assume civil works at 5%/year, pumps at 14.3%/year, equipment, roads and vehicles at 20%/year, engineering and contingencies at 10%/year.
Variable
1. Food. Assume 38.4 t of produce on year 1, C.F. 2:1. Assume 39.2 t on year 2, C.F. 3:1 and 2:1 (See Annex …). Running production of 60 t on year 3, C.F. 2:1 (1st year) and 1.5:1 (2nd year). Cost of crumble food 2.2 US$/kg, of pellet 0.75 US$/kg.
2. Part-time staff. Assume 8 m/months/year for harvesting (883 US$/year).
3. Power. Allow 329,000 kwh/year at rate of 0.072 US$/kwh for pumping. Allow 800 US$/year for additional uses.
4. Fuel. Allow 1,600 US$/year for 50,000 km/year of vehicles use.
5. Packaging/distribution. Based on polystyxene boxes, nylon sheet, ice, carton. Allow 0.24 US$/kg of fish. Distribution of fresh fish by air cargo to Milano, allow 1.1 US$/kg of fish (Adana-Milano).
6. Insurance. 3% of value of average stock.
7. Seed. Based on fry and yearlings cost estimated by present mission: 0.16 US$/unit for 1 g fry, 0.40 US$/unit for 100 g yearlings. On year 0 allow 64,000 US$ for purchasing of 160,000 yearlings.
Table 19. Model 2 - Sea Bream Farm, Operating Costs
| OPERATING COSTS (US$) YEAR | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| OVERHEAD/FIXED | |||||
| Full-time staff | 13,136 | 22,400 | 22,400 | 22,400 | 22,400 |
| Technical assistance | 13,600 | 11,200 | 5,600 | 5,600 | - |
| Administration | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
| Travel expenses | 2,400 | 2,400 | 2,400 | 2,400 | 2,400 |
| Maintenance | 3,275 | 4,768 | 4,768 | 4,768 | 4,768 |
| Depreciation | 23,760 | 41,080 | 41,080 | 41,080 | 41,080 |
| VARIABLE | |||||
| Food | 9,000 | 81,086 | 81,888 | 90,264 | 90,264 |
| Part-time staff | 880 | 880 | 880 | 880 | |
| Power/fuel | 3,456 | 26,160 | 26,160 | 26,160 | 26,160 |
| Packaging/distribution | 52,416 | 53,488 | 81,360 | 81,360 | |
| Insurance | 14,256 | 16,704 | 21,600 | 21,600 | |
| Seed | 96,000 | 32,000 | 32,000 | 32,000 | 32,000 |
TABLE 20. SEMI-INTENSIVE CULTURE OF SEA BREAM: INCREASE OF POPULATION
| Month | No. of Individuals | Aver. Indiv. Weight (g) | Tot.Weight (t) | Tot.Weight of stock (t) |
| APRIL | 200,000 | 2 | 0.4 | 30.8 |
| JUNE | 170,000 | 10 | 1.7 | 37.6 |
| OCTOBER | 168,000 | 150 | 25.2 | 79.9 |
| DECEMBER | 163,000 | 175 | 28.5 | 88.5 |
| APRIL | 160,000 | 190 | 30.4 | |
| JUNE | 156,000 | 230 | 35.9 | |
| OCTOBER | 152,000 | 360 | 54.7 | |
| DECEMBER | 150,000 | 400 | 60.0 |
FIGURE 17. SEMI-INTENSIVE CULTURE OF SEA BREAM: EXPECTED GROWTH PATTERN PATTERN
TABLE 21. SEMI-INTENSIVE CULTURE OF SEA BREAM: MAIN PRODUCTION
| STAGE | POND SIZE m2 | STOCKING RATE | AVERAGE INDIVIDUAL WEIGHT (g) | SURVIVAL RATE (%) | FINAL NO.OF FISH | AVERAGE FINAL INDIVIWEIGHT (g) | TOTAL FINAL WEIGHT (t) | CONVERSION FACTOR | TOTAL FOOD CONSUMED (t) |
| 1st year | 2,100 | 200,000 | 1 | 80 | 160,000 | 190 | 30.4 | 2.1 | 60 |
| 2nd year | 9,600 | 160,000 | 190 | 95 | 150,000 | 400 | 60.0 | 1.5:1 | 45 |
Figure 19. Semi-intensive culture of sea bream: suggested farm layout
