| 341 | Moll, G.; Young, S. 1992. Growing greener cities: a tree-planting handbook. Los Angeles (USA). Living Planet Press. 1992. 126 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-067061 | |
| 342 | Rieley, J.O.; Shepherd, P.A.; Page, S.E. 1993. Vegetation diversity in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography (Malaysia). (Jun 1990). v. 21 (1), 51–62. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-030037 | |
| 343 | Zhang Qixiang. 1991. Studies on cultivars of crape-myrtles (Lagerstroemia indica) and their uses in urban greening. Journal of Beijing Forestry University. (Oct 1991). v. 13(4), 57–66. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-014483 | |
| 344 | Jimenez Posada, C.M. 1983. Establishment, control and management of urban forest; principles of urban silviculture. (Establecimiento, control y manejo del bosque urbano; principios sobre silvicultra urbana.). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin. Facultad de Agronomia. Medellin (Colombia). 1983. 63 p. |
Language: Spanish | |
AN code (AGRIS): 85-069000 | |
| 345 | Delcarte, E.; Impens, R. 1981. Life conditions of trees in the urban areas. Physiological diseases. (Conditions de vie des arbres en site urbain. Maladies physiologiques.). Bulletin-E.R.A. (Belgium). Ecologie, Recherche, Amenagement. (Aug 1981). (no. 10) p. 9–15. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 85-068778 | |
| 346 | APSC 1982. Agricultural Projects Services Centre, Kathmandu. A feasibility study on the provision of fuelwood for urban areas, draft report [Nepal]. Kathmandu (Nepal). Sep 1982. 58 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 85-052838 | |
| 347 | Simon, J. 1982. Climatic role of city parks. (Role climatique des espaces verts urbains.). Lien Horticole (France). (11 Dec 1982). v. 19(46), 4–6. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 84-068324 | |
| 348 | Pierce, P.A. 1981. The need for improved urban trees. Proceedings of the North Central Tree Improvement Conference (USA). (1981). (no. 2nd) p. 15–17. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 84-033313 | |
| 349 | Anderson, P. 1990. Trees in urban landscapes. Boston, MA, Horticultual Society. 29pp. |
| Includes information on the physical benefits of trees in cities, trees and urban design, species selection, planting methods and urban tree maintenance. | |
| 350 | Sijapati, B. 1983. An assessment of fuelwood demand by urban households in Nepal. Kathmandu (Nepal). APROSC. Feb 1983. 13 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 83-922649 | |
| 352 | Adiwibowo, S.; Erwidodo Mudiyarso. 1978. The importance of urban forest for air quality, future outlook of Jakarta [West Java, Indonesia]. Proceedings of the Seminar for Training in Environmental Science and Management (Asia). Bogor (Indonesia). 23 Oct – 2 Dec 1978. SEAMEO - Regional Center for Tropical Biology, Bogor (Indonesia); Institut Pertanian Bogor (Indonesia). Fusat Studi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya dan Lingkungan. 1978. v. 3(pt. 3) p. 55–68. Received Jun 1980. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 81-629395 | |
| 353 | Protti Alvarado, F. 1980. Agro-economic feasibility for the establishment of a forest plantation at the Northern part of Heredia City [Costa Rica]. (Estudio de factibilidad agroeconomica para el establecimiento de una plantacion forestal al norte de la ciudad de Heredia [Costa Rica]). Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose. Facultad de Agronomia. Escuela de Economia Agricola. 1980. 79 p. |
Language: Spanish | |
AN code (AGRIS): 81-598167 | |
| 354 | Kollin, C. editor; Mahon, J. editor; Frame, L. editor. 1994. Growing greener communities. Proceedings of the 6th National (USA) Urban Forest Conference, 14–18 Sept. 1993, held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. American Forests, Washington DC, 282pp. |
| 11 papers presented. | |
| 355 | Pfeiffer, C.A.; Wott, J.A.; Clark, J.R. 1987. Analyses of landscape design and maintenance requirements in urban parking lots. Journal of environmental horticulture (USA). (Dec 1987). v. 5(4), 188–192. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 88-088696 | |
| 356 | De Jonghe, F. 1986. Trees in towns. Results of the past five years. (L'arbre dans la ville. Le bilan des cinq dernieres annees [element des espaces verts, plante ornementale]). PHM Revue Horticole (France). (Nov 1986). (no. 271) p. 17–32. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 87-082093 | |
| 358 | Chee, T.Y.; Ridwan, S. 1984. Fast-growing species of trees suitable for urban roadside and shade planting. Malaysian Forester (Malaysia). (Jul–Oct 1984). v. 47(4), 263–284. 3 refs. |
| With the advent of economic growth, the urban landscape of Malaysia has become predominated by concrete high-rise structures and a place of congestion, both from traffic and commercial activities. As a result, the balance of nature has been disrupted and most of the vegetation has been destroyed to make way for the so-called “urban development”. Urgent efforts have been made to rehabilitate the urban environment by planting hardy, quick-growing trees of both exotic and indigenous origins. This paper recommends various tree species, some of them new, for urban and roadside planting. It is suggested that while planting with common species should continue, other suggested new species should also be tried. Parallel research should also be carried out both by the implementers and foresters so that a wider usage of local species can be explored for landscaping purposes. Relevant characteristics are tabulated for 31 commonly planted fast-growing species recommended for urban planting, and 10 moderately fast-growing, mainly indigenous species. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 87-054521 | |
CAB code: CAB: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1987 048-04310 | |
| 359 | Shrestha, S.G. 1985. An analysis of household demand for fuelwood during the winter season in the Kathmandu district of Nepal. University of the Philippines at Los Banos, College, Laguna. Oct 1985. 122 leaves. |
| The explanatory variables included in the estimation of the fuelwood demand equation were: price of fuelwood, electricity, kerosene, rice husk and sawdust, shrubs and branches, frequency of cooking meals and livestock feed, household weekly income, household size, distance of the house from the forest area, urban, rural location dummy, type of stove dummy and type of fuelwood dummies. The linear form was selected as the best household fuelwood demand model because of its higher coefficient of determination (R2), higher number of significant explanatory variables and the conformity of the signs of the regression coefficients of all the explanatory variables to economic expectations. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 87-009336 | |
| 360 | Poudyal, K.R. 1986. Sources of non-commercial cooking energy in urban areas of Nepal. Agricultural Projects Services Centre, Kathmandu (Nepal) Apr. 1986. 31 p. |
| Bhaktapur private fuelwood suppliers - a case study. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 87-007440 | |
| 361 | Chidumayo, E.N.; Chidumayo, S.B.M. 1984. The status and impact of woodfuel in Urban Zambia. Lusaka (Zambia). 1984. 52 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 86-015939 | |
| 362 | Gonzalez Vicente, C.E. 1984. Insect and disease problems of Pinus radiata D. Don in Mexico City and surrounding areas. (Problemas de plagas y enfermedades del Pinus radiata D. Don. en la Ciudad de Mexico y areas colindantes.). CIENCIAFORESTAL (MEXICO). (May–Jun 1984) v. 9(49) p. 15–22. |
Language: Spanish | |
AN code (AGRIS): 90-110612 | |
| 363 | El Kiey, T.; Nooh, A.; Baghdady, N. 1988. Accumulation of some heavy metals by Ficus retusa trees in streets of Alexandria city [Egypt]. Journal of Agricultural Research, Tanta Univ. (Egypt). (1988). v. 14(4), 1915–1929. Issued 1989. |
| The accumulation of some heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper and cadmium) was determined in the soil and Ficus retusa L. leaves sampled from different locations along the streets of Alexandria and Edfina cities in 1987 year. The increase in vehicular traffic in Alexandria streets in the last few years may be the main cause of the death of Ficus retusa L. trees in the streets. A high concentration of heavy metals was detected in the soil and leaf samples taken from polluted locations of high traffic (Alexandria) compared with low traffic location (Edfina). Particulates accumulated on the leaf surfaces in Alexandria contained the highest concentrations of lead, copper, zinc and cadmium levels, (24.88, 4.95, 27.3 and 0.053 ppm. respectively). Bad-Sharky location gave the highest concentration of lead levels as a total amount for both leaf and soil samples (25.34 ppm.). El-Hadara location gave the highest concentration of copper and zinc levels as a total amount for both leaves and soil samples (3.36 and 18.4 ppm. respectively) On the contrary Edfina location (control) gave the lowest concentration of lead, copper zinc and cadmium levels as a total amount for both leaf and soil. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 90-104888 | |
| 364 | Ware, G. 1990. Constraints to tree growth imposed by urban soil alkalinity. Journal of arboriculture (USA). (Feb 1990). v. 16(2), 35–38. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 90-103115 | |
| 365 | El Kiey, T.; Nooh, A.; Ali, Y. 1988. Evaluation of the urban landscape trees in streets of Alexandria City as related to some environmental stresses [Egypt]. Journal of Agricultural Research, Tanta-Univ. (Egypt). (1988). v. 14(4), 1887–1898. Issued 1990. |
| This study is an attempt to investigate the black cankers infection and its effect on Ficus retusa. The cultivated tree in streets of Alexandria city was also evaluated as related to different environmental stresses. Leakage of natural gas, poor soil aeration, completely circled and paved holes around the trunk and careless construction practices of homes may cause great pressure and injury to a great many valuable trees every years. The evaluation for cultivated trees in Alexandria city streets showed that there are nine species of trees, namely: Ficus retusa, F. benghalensis, F. petiolartis, F. erbothoides, F. platyphylla, F. cotinifolia, F. elastica, Poinciana regia and Washingtonia filefera. Ficus retusa is the main tree in Alex. city streets and most of the streets in Alex. city are under genes of Ficus sp. This indicated that the proper functions were not considered when these were selected for use in landscaping. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 90-095931 | |
| 366 | Soto Flandez, M.; Dilema, S. 1989. FAO project BKF/85/011. Fuelwood production and marketing. Situation in 1989 and outlook for 2010. Ouagadougou region, Burkina Faso. (Production et commercialisation de bois de feu. Situation 1989 et prospectives 2010. Region Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.). Forestry Div. Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Jun 1989. 53 p. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 90-070705 | |
| 367 | Raimbault, P.; Tanguy, M. 1989. Town trees: a preoccupation of ENITHP [High school for horticulture and landscaping]. (L'arbre urbain. Une preoccupation de l'ENITHP [Ecole Nationale d'Ingenieurs des Travaux de l'Horticulture et du Paysage]). Ecole Nationale du Genie Rural des Eaux et des Forets, Nancy (France). Trees in towns. L'arbre en ville. Paris (France). ENGREF. 1989. p. 140–142. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 90-056513 | |
| 368 | Ahmed, M.; Ashraf, M.M.; Akbar, G. 1988. Greening the cities. Progressive Farming (Pakistan). (May–Jun 1988). v. 8 (3) 21–26. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 89-027130 | |
| 369 | Nanayakkara, V.R. consultant. 1987. FAO project GCP/RAS/111/NET. Nitrogen fixing trees in Sri Lanka with particular reference to agroforestry. Forestry Div. Regional Training Course in Production and Use of Nitrogen Fixing Trees. Bangkok (Thailand). FAO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Report. 21–30 Oct 1987. p. 63–96. |
| Report shows that the value of urban tree planting and urban greenspace IS appreciated in Sri Lanka. Roadsides, parks and yards ARE planted although no organized plan exists for this purpose. N-fixing plants are often planted for their multi-purpose benefits: shade, fuelwood, ornamental, soil revitalization. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 89-002633 | |
| 370 | Kinyanjui, M. 1987. Fueling Nairobi: the importance of small-scale charcoaling enterprises. Unasylva (FAO). (1987). v. 39(3/4) = no. 157/158, p. 17–28. |
Language: English; Spanish; French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 89-000831 | |
| 371 | Jorez, J.P. 1991. Wood, a source of energy. Saving fuelwood through the use of improved stoves. The Sahel experience (Le bois, source d' energie. L'economie du bois de feu par l' utilisation des foyers ameliores. L'experience du Sahel [crise du bois de feu, filieres artisanales, approvisionnement des villes]. La madera, una fuente de energia. Ahorro de lena mediante la utilizacion de fogones mejorados. El ejemplo del Sahel [la crisis de la lena, aprovisionamiento de las ciudades]. Proceedings of the FAO World Forestry Congress, Paris, 17–26 September 1991. Forests, A Heritage for the Future. The forest heritage, an economic resource. 10. Ministere de l' Agriculture. 1991. v. 6 p.201–208. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 92-088594 | |
| 372 | Ahmed, Y.A.A. 1988. A study of environmental stresses on urban Ficus retusa L. in the streets of Alexandria City and evaluation of some cultivated trees for use in landscaping [Egypt]. Alexandria Univ. Faculty of Agriculture. Alexandria (Egypt). 1988. 72 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 91-085870 | |
| 373 | Hagmann, C.; Hjort, C. 1990. The creation of a city park and the approach from the South African border to Maseru, Lesotho. A minor field study. Uppsala (Sweden). 1990. 42 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 91-074214 | |
| 374 | Chen Fenghuai; Ling Yourun. 1990. On the significance of the medicinal plants in making the cities and towns green in South China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research (China). (Aug 1990). v.8 (3), 287–291. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 91-043978 | |
| 375 | Dang, H. 1993. Fuel substitution in sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental management (USA). (May–Jun 1993). v. 17(3) p. 283–288. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 94-020820 | |
| 376 | Bailey, L. 1990. FAO project VIE/86/027. Survey design for Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Urban woodfuel demand survey. Forestry Dept. Oct 1990. 44 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 94-008457 | |
| 377 | Hosier, R.H. 1992. Charcoal production and environmental degradation: findings of the Tanzania urban energy project. Renewable Energy for Development (Sweden). (Oct 1992). 5(1), 3–7. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-101055 | |
| 378 | Bertrand, A.; Stomal Weigel, B. 1988. Timber surveys at Lomé: comparison of methodologies and results: problems encountered. (Les enquetes bois realisees a Lomé: methodologies et resultats compares, problemes rencontres.). Seminaire d' Economie Rurale. Raymond, H. (ed.). Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Montpellier (France). MESRU. Mission Economie et Sociologie Rurales. [Problematics and observation instruments in tropical rural area]. Problematique et instruments d'observation en zone rurale tropicale. Montpellier (France). 14–18 Sep 1987. CIRAD-MESRU. 1988. v. 1 p. 190–202. |
| Les auteurs exposent le dispositif mis en place pour etudier le secteur foret-bois a Lomé, et presentent les differentes enquetes realisees pour atteindre cet objectif. Une enquete consommation domestique' centree sur les combustibles ligneux, aupres de 713 menages de l'agglomeration de Lomé, visant a fournir les informations quantitatives de base, et une analyse qualitative du comportement des consommateurs. Une enquete trafic bois et charbon' entrant dans Lomé, centree sur les combustibles forestiers, mais apportant des donnees sur les autres produits forestiers. Une enquete ‘commerces et marches’, realisee aupres de 190 commerces de bois de chauffe, de charbon ou de perches. Une etude des filieres de production et de commercialisation des principaux produits visant a analyser et expliciter le role, les motivations, les strategies, les couts et les revenus des divers intervenants sur chacune des chaines depuis la production jusqu' au consommateur final. Chacune des enquetes est presentee en detail quant a sa methodologie et a sa realisation. Les problemes rencontres et les amenagements methodologiques sont exposes et discutes. Les resultats sont compares et l'interet de la complementarite des differentes enquetes est souligne, quelques lecons simples sont enfin degagees a partir de cet exemple concret. | |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-083790 | |
| 379 | Remedio, E.M.; Bensel, T.G. 1992. Woodfuel supply system for Cebu City, Philippines: a preliminary analysis. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society (Philippines). (Jun–Sep 1992). v. 20(2–3) p. 157–169. Issued Jan 1993. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-083583 | |
| 380 | Cruz, F.A.; Ortega Espaldon, M.V.; Duma, J.C. 1991. FAO project GCP/RAS/131/NET. Rural-urban dependence on wood energy in a selected area in Laguna Province, Philippines: a Rapid Rural Appraisal. Forestry Div. Jamieson, N. (ed.). FAO RAPA, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia; Khon Kaen Univ. (Thailand). Wood fuel flows: Rapid Rural Appraisal in four Asian Countries. Bangkok (Thailand). Aug 1991. p. 63–166. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-060158 | |
| 381 | Jamieson, N. editor. 1991. FAO project GCP/RAS/131/NET. Wood fuel flows: Rapid Rural Appraisal in four Asian Countries. Forestry Div. Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia. Khon Kaen Univ. Aug 1991. 222 p. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-060155 | |
| 382 | Anan Polthanee; Nongluk Suphanchaimat; Pongchan Na Lampang. 1991. Urban-rural wood energy interdependency in a district of Northeast Thailand. FAO project GCP/RAS/131/NET. Jamieson, N. (editor). FAO, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia; Khon Kaen Univ. (Thailand). Wood fuel flows: Rapid Rural Appraisal in four Asian Countries. Bangkok (Thailand). 1991. p. 167–222. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-060106 | |
| 383 | Hadikusumah, H.Y. consultant; Karyono, P.R. consultant. 1991. FAO project GCP/RAS/131/NET. Rural-Urban interdependencies in the commercial wood energy system in Malaya sub-district, West-Java. Forestry Div. Jamieson, N. (editor). FAO/RAPA, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia; Khon Kaen Univ. (Thailand). Wood fuel flows: see also Rapid Rural Appraisal in four Asian Countries. #381, Bangkok (Thailand). Aug 1991. p. 131–166. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-060105 | |
| 384 | Ouedraogo, E. (consultant); Kraemer, H.(consultant). 1989. FAO project BKF/85/011. Kassou protected forest. Sensitization campaign and formation of groups. Socioeconomic situation. (La foret protegee de Kassou. Campagne de sensibilisation et constitution des groupements. Situation socio-economique.). Forestry Div. Ministere de l'Environnement et du Tourisme, Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). PNUD, New York (USA). 1989. 39p. |
Language: French | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-053506 | |
| 385 | Hosier, R.H.; Dowd, J. 1988. Household energy use in Zimbabwe: an analysis of consumption patterns and fuel choice. Hosier, R.H. (ed.). Energy for rural development in Zimbabwe. Uppsala (Sweden). Nordiska Afrikainst. 1988. p. 83–109. |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): 93-050450 | |
| 386 | Anjos, L. dos. 1990. Avian distribution in an araucaria forest of Curitiba City (south Brazil). (Distribuicao de aves em uma floresta de araucaria da cidade de Curitiba (sul do Brasil). Acta Biologica Paranaense (Brazil). (Jan–Dec 1990). v. 19(1–4)p. 51–63. |
Language: Portuguese | |
AN code (AGRIS): 92-067804 | |
| 387 | Biondi, D. 1985. Diagnosis of the tree planting in streets of Recife. (Diagnostico da arborizacao de ruas da cidade do Recife.). Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba (Brazil). Setor de Ciencias Agrarias. PR (Brazil). 1985. 167 p. |
Language: Portuguese | |
AN code (AGRIS): 86-063789 | |
| 388 | Milano, M.S. 1984. Evaluation and analysis of arborization in streets of Curitiba-Parana [Brazil]. (Avaliacao e analise da arborizacao de ruas de Curitiba-Parana [Brasil]). Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba (Brazil). Setor de Ciencias Agrarias. PR (Brazil). 1984. 130 p. |
Language: Portuguese | |
AN code (AGRIS): 86-015952 | |
| 389 | Ellenbroek, W.E.T. 1988. The wood marketing system in Gunung Kidul, Central Java, Indonesia. FONC Project Communication Forestry/Nature Conservation Project, Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. 1988., No. 1988 7, × + 126 pp.; 26 ref. Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. |
| After an introduction to marketing in tropical countries (which covers both general features and the marketing of forest and tree products), the results are given of a survey carried out in Gunung Kidul in 1986. The survey was conducted by interviews at 2 levels: the assembly level (rural wood trading middlemen) and the urban market level. Descriptions are given of the survey villages (which were selected to cover a variety of land uses and locations) and survey markets. The characteristics and functions of wood traders are described and an account given of the general features of the wood marketing system, and of incomes from wood trading. The structure, conduct and performance of the wood marketing system is evaluated; the system is described as traditional (i.e. it has no price coordination by public or governmental bodies), and is seen to be less efficient than systems marketing other products, although its structure is competitive. The findings of the survey are discussed in relation to the development of a social forestry strategy. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (AGRIS): F467377; CAB: 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1991 014-00824. | |
| 390 | Oke, T.R. 1989. The micrometeorology of the urban forest. Proceedings of the Royal Society meeting on Forests, Weather and Climate, held 2–3 June 1988 [organized and edited by Jarvis, P.G.; Monteith, J.L.; Shuttleworth, W.J.; Unsworth, M.H.]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 1989., 324: 1223, 335–349. |
| Urban trees occupy a wide variety of habitats, from a single specimen competing in the ‘urban jungle’ to extensive remnant or planted forest stands. Each is shown to produce distinct micro- to local scale climates contributing to the larger urban climate mosaic. These effects are discussed in relation to the radiative, aerodynamic, thermal and moisture properties of trees that so clearly set them apart from other urban materials and surfaces in terms of their exchanges of heat, mass and momentum with the atmosphere. Their resulting ability to produce shade, coolness, shelter, moisture and air filtration makes them flexible tools for environmental design. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F477003 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-02062 | |
| 391 | Khan, A.M.; Vivek Pandey; Yunus, Mhd.; Ahmad, K.J.; Pandey, V.; Yunus, M. 1989. Plants as dust scavengers - a case study. Indian Forester. 1989., 115 (9), 670–672; 1 ref. |
| An estimate was made of the quantity of dust deposited on the leaf surfaces of ten [woody] plant species at sites in Lucknow city, Uttar Pradesh, with either poor to dense vegetation cover. The total dust fall at each site was also measured, with average amounts (in t/km2) for 3 months in 1987 (April, May and June) being 46.99 at the sites with poor cover, and 11.04 at sites with good cover - a 76.5 reduction. Dust loads per cm2 of leaf surface of the 10 species were: Nyctanthes arbortristis [N. arbortristis], 5.21; Thevetia neri[i]folia [T. peruviana], 1.32; Ipomoea fistula [I. carnea], 1.22; Holoptelea integrifolia, 0.98; Bougainvillea cv. ‘Mahara’, 0.75; Alstonia scholaris, 0.64; Psidium guajava, 0.59; Ixora coccinea, 0.50; Hibiscus rosasinensis, 0.46; and Tabernaemontana coronaria [T. divaricata], 0.30. Loads were related to the leaf size, morphology and surface characteristics of the plant concerned. | |
Language: English (LS: Hindi) | |
AN code (CAB): F486681 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-03307 | |
| 392 | Jim, C.Y. 1990. Arboricultural recommendations for urban Hong Kong. Arboricultural Journal. 14(2), 139–148; 12 refs. 1990. |
| Based mainly on results of a tree survey in main urban areas, the author recommends improved nursery practices, planting and maintenance, tree preservation of specimens with high amenity value, planning to incorporate sufficient growth space for tree planting, and increased public awareness. All these could lead to improved urban tree stocks. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F487645; | |
AGRIS: 92-106443 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-04203 | |
| 393 | Yeung, K.M. 1989. The growth and survival of uncommon species in urban Hong Kong. Quarterly Journal of Chinese (Taiwan) Forestry. 1989., 22 (1), 109–116; 11 refs. |
| A survey of growing conditions and problems of roadside trees that are relics of semi-natural forest engulfed by urban development. Some species were found to perform better than dominant species planted extensively in recent years. These hardy indigenous species include Cassia fistula, Sapium sebiferum and Syzygium samarangense. | |
Language: English (LS: Chinese) | |
AN code (CAB): F494820 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-05056 | |
| 394 | Landauer, K.(editor); Brazil, M.(editor); Budowski, G.; Christanty, L.; Okigbo, B.N.; Thaman, R.R.; Abdoellah, O.S.; Karyona; Asare, E.O.; Oppong, S.K.; Twum Ampofo, K.; Ninez, V.; Falanruw, M.V.C.; Hoyyeepoo, K.; Husaini, M.A.; Suhardjo Megawangi, R.; Nurhadi, E.; Supardi, D.; Djojosoebagio, S.; Karyadi, D.; Immink, M.D.C.; Marten, G.G.; Sommers, P.; Fernandes, E.C.M.; Nair, P.K.R.; Michon, G.; Mary, F.; Vasey, D.E.; Brazil, M.A. 1985. Tropical home gardens. Proceedings of the international workshop held 2–9 December 1985. Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia. xv + 257 pp.; 16 pp. of ref. Tokyo, Japan; United Nations University Press. |
| The objectives of this conference were to review currently available information and research results on home gardens from different tropical regions (South and South East Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the tropical Pacific Islands), to identify gaps in this knowledge, and to discuss future research needed for the implementation of home garden programmes. After an introduction, and list of recommendations made at the conference, 17 papers are presented in 2 parts. Part 1, Regional overviews, has 4 chapters with reviews of home gardens in tropical America (Budowski, G.), tropical Asia, with special reference to Indonesia (Christanty, L.), tropical Africa (Okigbo, B.N.) and the Pacific Islands (Thaman, R.R.). Part 2, Topical papers, has 13 chapters. Four are on general aspects of home gardens in Java (Abdoellah, O.S.; Karyona, 2 papers); the humid tropics of Ghana (Asare, E.O.; Oppong, S.K.; Twum-Ampofo, K.); and tropical America (Ninex, V.). Six other chapters concentrate on food production and nutritional aspects of home gardens: The food production system of the Yap Islands [part of the western Caroline Islands and one of the 4 Federated States of Micronesia] (Falanruw, M.V.C.); Promoting native edible plants for home gardens in northern Thailand (Hoyyeepoo, K.); Diet, nutritional status, and potential need for home gardens in the tea plantation [in West Java] (Husaini, M.A.; Suhardjo; Megawangi, R.; Nurhadi, E.; Supardi, D.; Djojosoebagio, S.; Karyadi, D.); Measuring food production and consumption, and the nutritional effects of tropical home gardens (Immink, M.D.C.); A nutritional calculus for home garden design: a case-study from West Java (Marten, G.G.); and Advancing Pacific Island food gardening systems: some observations and suggestions (Sommers, P.). The remaining 3 chapters are: An evaluation of the structure and function of tropical home gardens (Fernandes, E.C.M.; Nair, P.K.R.); Transforming traditional home gardens and related systems in West Java (Bogor) and West Sumatra (Maninjau) (Michon, G.; Mary, F.); and On estimating the net social and economic value of urban home gardens (Vasey, D.E.). There are 2 appendices (A list of herbaceous and woody plants grown in home gardens worldwide (Brazil, M.A.); and a Sample data sheet for agro-forestry system description), references, and a list of participants and contributors. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F508120 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1991 052-05087; 7Y Agroforestry Abstracts 1991 004-00810. | |
| 395 | Henninger, J.; Huespe Fatecha, H.; Kress, A. 1989. Urban afforestation: species suitable for planting in Paraguay. (Arborizacion urbana especies adecuadas y su plantacion en el Paraguay.). Revista Forestal Carrera de Ingenieria Forestal, Facultad de Ingenieria Agronomica, Univ ersidad Nacional de Asunci on. 1989., 5: 1, 31–39; 3 ref. Paraguay. |
| The characteristics of indigenous and introduced species were complied, and species were evaluated for their suitability for use in towns in western Paraguay. Thirty species were chosen to help in the selection of street trees for particular situations. | |
Language: Spanish | |
AN code (CAB): F509355 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-06057 | |
| 397 | USDA. 1993. An ecosystem approach to urban and community forestry - a resource guide. Second Edition. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, NE Area State and Private Forestry, July 1993. |
| 398 | Dreistadt, S.H.; Dahlsten, D.L.; Frankie, G.W. 1990. Urban forests and insect ecology. Complex interactions among trees, insects and people. BioScience. 1990., 40:(3), 192–198; 49 ref. |
| An increasing proportion of the World's trees will be in urban areas, and their relationships with insects are reviewed, with special reference to the situation in the USA. The topics discussed include composition and diversity in urban forests (including trees growing along streets and in parks); diversity and pests; human activities and insect ecology; pesticides (including outbreaks resulting from nontarget effects of insecticides applied against mosquitoes and agricultural pests); biological control; pest management hurdles; and benefits of the urban forest. About 20 arthropod pests of trees are mentioned, together with several natural enemies, and plant diseases affecting the trees. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): K78115; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-07532 | |
| 399 | Faussey Domalain, C.; Vimard, P. 1991. Cash crop agriculture and population in south-east Cote d'Ivoire. An assisted village economy in a peri-urban forest environment. (Agriculture de rente et demographie dans le sud-est ivoirien. Une economie villageoise assistee en milieu forestier peri-urbain.). Tiers Monde. 1991., 32: (125), 93–114; ref., 3 tab., BLDSC. |
| The development of commercial farming activities over the past decade in a forest zone in the south-eastern Cote d'Ivoire, has given rise to an intense battle over, and race for, land ownership and tenure. This has gradually led to a situation of land saturation which represents a real constraint to the expansion of agricultural activities in many areas. Local populations have therefore been forced to adapt their production techniques and farming systems to these new conditions, and introduce their own demographic initiatives as a way of coping with the financial, economic and social difficulties created. Taking two villages, Memni and Montezo, as case study examples, the article examines the factors which have caused land saturation and the subsequent economic and social problems, and identifies the economic and demographic measures being employed by farmers as a way of helping them to offset the limitations imposed on their systems of production and reproduction. Finally, attention is drawn to how these constraints are causing the villagers to be increasingly dependent on urban populations and are contributing to a re-definition and re-organization of village power structures. | |
Language: French | |
AN code (CAB): R888594 | |
| 400 | Wee, Y.C. 1989. Ficus spp. on highrise buildings in Singapore. Country Report: Singapore: BIOTROP Special Publication. 1990., No. 38, 37–39; 7 ref., a symposium on weed management held in Bogor, Indonesia, 7–9 June 1989. |
| An initial survey of 110 highrise public buildings in Hougang New town, district 1953, revealed that 25 had an av. of 2.3 Ficus saplings growing from them. Commonly seen were 4–10 cm high specimens of F. microcarpa, F. benjamina and F. religiosa (on 16, 15 and 7 of the blocks, resp.). Most plants (13) arose from cracks between the cemented ground and the base of the buildings, but some had become established in the walls and on ledges of higher levels. The long-term damage to these buildings and use of systemic herbicides to control the plants are discussed. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): W065635; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-07534 | |
| 401 | Appel, D.N. 1989. Tree disease in the urban environment. Spatial effects and consequences of human disturbance. Spatial components of plant disease epidemics [edited by Jeger, M. J.]. 1989., 223–235; 37 ref. Englewood Cliffs, NY, USA; Prentice Hall International, Inc. |
| In this review urban forest ecology and specific disease types (vascular wilts, declines and miscellaneous diseases) are discussed. It is concluded that a virulent pathogen causing an epidemic in the urban forest can have a detrimental impact on the value of urban property. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): W50278 | |
| 402 | Norman, J.C. 1989. Phenology of some tropical woody landscape species in Kumasi, Ghana. I. Observations on flowering. Landscape and Urban planning. 1989., 17: (3), 205–213; 13 ref. |
| Phenological observations were made on 101 tropical woody species over a ten-year period. Four distinct categories could be recognized: species flowering throughout the year (23.8), once a year (36.6), twice a year (35.6) and thrice a year (4). In general, for species not flowering continuously throughout the year, flowering was from July to April with peaks in March, April, Oct. and Dec. For species flowering once a year, flowering was concentrated between Nov. and Jan. whilst for species flowering twice a year, flowering occurred mostly from Oct. to April. Species flowering once a year were in bloom for the longest period (5.8 months), followed by species flowering twice a year (4 months) and by those flowering thrice a year (1.9 months). | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F388981; 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-01457 | |
| 403 | AFDI 1988. Australian Forest Development Institute (Editor). Forestry Past and Present. Proceedings of the International Forestry Conference for the Australian Bicentenary. Held 25 Apr.–1 May 1988 at Albury, Wodonga, Australia, Vol 3 of 5. Forestry Development Institute. many ref. 1 fold out tab., 1 fold out map. 324 pp. |
| Papers are presented on urban forestry and revegetation in Australia (3 papers), chemicals from wood (1 paper), energy use in sawmills (1 paper), wood fuels (3 papers), research for private growers (1 paper), genetic improvement of native Australian species (2 papers), growth and silviculture of fast-growing hardwoods (including eucalypts), Acacia and Casuarina (3 papers), and growth and silviculture of native Australian species, particularly eucalypts, in other countries (7 papers). | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F392580; OF Forestry Abstracts 1990 051-01820; 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1990 013-00673 | |
| 404 | DeWalle, D.R.; Heisler, G.M.; Wight, B.; McPherson, E.G. 1988. Windbreaks and energy. Proceedings of the International Conference ‘Windbreak Technology’ Lincoln, Nebraska, 23–27 June 1986 [edited by Brandle, J.R.; Hintz, D.L.]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 1988., Vols 22–23, 241–298. |
| Three papers on the use of windbreaks to conserve energy and protect dwellings (DeWalle/Heisler; 27 ref.), farmsteads (Wight; 36 ref.), and urban environments (McPherson; 35 ref.). Topics covered include: Buffer Zones and windbreaks for microclimate improvement. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F393004; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-02503 | |
| 405 | Lo, Y. 1988. Study on the spectral characteristics of urban plants. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology. 1988., 8(1), 18–22. |
| A study of the spectral characteristics and their variations in representative species used for afforestation in different environments in Beijing city, to provide a basis for future interpretation of photographs in remote sensing studies. | |
Language: Chinese (LS: English) | |
AN code (CAB): F399460; 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-02759 | |
| 406 | Howes, M. 1989. Identifying biomass fuel shortages in Sri Lanka. Biomass London. 1989., 19(4), 247–279; 11 ref. |
| An analysis of data from the Sri Lankan Forestry Master Plan (1986), and other sources, for 25 administrative districts, identified 5 districts (in the wet lowland and hill country zones) that have an overall biomass fuel deficit (large imports necessary) and a further 5 (including dry zone locations) where fuelwood consumption exceeded potential supply (limited imports). In deficit areas, poorer urban groups and rural families with no home gardens are affected most severely (about 15 of all households nationally). A further 10 of households are likely to suffer to a lesser extent. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F400680; OF Forestry Abstracts 1990 051-02607; 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1990 013-00732 | |
| 407 | Toledo Filho, D.V. de; Parente, P.R. 1988. Urban tree planting with native species. (Arborizacao urbana com essencias nativas.). Boletim Tecnico do Instituto Florestal Sao Paulo. 1988., 42, 19–31; 13 ref. |
| Information on habit, size, phenology and common names is tabulated for 53 species observed in towns in the Campinas region, Sao Paulo, and which can be recommended for urban use. | |
Language: Portuguese (LS: English) | |
AN code (CAB): F403492; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-04008 | |
| 408 | Cline Cole, R.A.; Falola, J.A.; Main, H.A.C.; Mortimore, M.J.; Nichol, J.E.; O'Reilly, F.D. 1987. Wood fuel in Kano, Nigeria: the urban-rural conflict. Network Paper Social Forestry Network. 1988., No. 7b, 16 pp.; 11 ref. UK; Overseas Development Institute. Final Report of the Rural Energy project, submitted to the UN University, Development Studies Division, Bayero University, Kano. Tokyo, Japan ref source NRTS, UN University No. 34.1990 124p (UNUP-726; NRTS-34). |
| A summary of some of the findings of the Kano Rural Energy Research Project on the quantitative and organizational aspects of wood fuel production, consumption and exchange, and ecological implications of wood fuel resource management, based on data over 20 yr. It is concluded that, as a result of resistance to wood-cutting by local farmers, utilization of intensive systems of agroforestry, local government restrictions, consumer wood preferences and willingness of merchants to travel greater distances, the trees close to the urban centre of this area are no longer threatened. Pressure from firewood collection has now shifted to more distant fuelwood resources. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F403859; | |
AGRIS: 92-004883 or 92-017191 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1990 051-03325 | |
| 409 | Chaplin, G.E.; Whitmore, T.C. 1988. Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.: a useful ornamental for urban planting. Forestry Note. Forest Division, Solomon Islands. 1988., No. 34 11/88, ii + 3 pp.; 1 ref. |
| Notes on the characteristics of this attractive indigenous species of the Solomon Islands, which has a compact weeping form and has been planted as an ornamental on a moderate scale in Honiara and other villages throughout the islands. The species is particularly suited to planting on streets and close to buildings and could be used in other parts of the moist humid tropics. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F406459; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-04009 | |
| 410 | Thaman, R.R.; Clarke, W.C. 1987. Pacific Islands agrosilviculture: [agroforestry] systems for cultural and ecological stability. Canopy International. 1987., 13: (1; 2; 3), 6–7; 8–10; 6–9; 35 refs. |
| A paper in 3 parts. Part I discusses deforestation trends in the Pacific Islands and Part II the ecological and cultural functions of agrosilviculture. Part II includes a table, based on field work, listing 56 common functions of trees in ‘human use systems’ for specified island types (continental - highland Papua New Guinea and Namoso, Fiji; high volcanic - Rotuma, Fiji and Rarotonga, Cook Islands; large limestone/volcanic - Tonga; small coral/limestone - Nauru; and urban - Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Tonga). Part III describes possible existing or imported models or strategies which might lead to a reversal of the deforestation trends. The models included are: (1) the traditional system of orchards incorporated into an integral system of shifting cultivation, as carried out by the Maring of the Papua New Guinea highlands; (2) the ‘forest gardens’ of Rotuma, Fiji, a small island where staple yams, taro, cassava and bananas are grown in a shifting cultivation system with old gardens so commonly planted with coconuts that most of the island appears to be a polycultural coconut plantation, although many other useful tree species are included; (3) the bush fallowing system of Tongatapu, Tonga which is strongly focused on subsistence crops. Most of the island is divided into ‘bush allotments’ of about 3.2 ha which contain a dynamic mix of crops and secondary vegetation, and a wide variety of useful tree species are either cultivated or protected; (4) tree growing in the ‘sugarlands’ of Western Viti Levu, Fiji, where a wide variety of multipurpose tree species are planted on and around small sugarcane farms; and (5) the urban arboricultural systems of Port Moresby, Suva and Nuku'alofa where many tree crops are grown for food (although they also have amenity and climate ameliorating value). The principal tree species grown in systems (2)–(5) are listed, with comments. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F407587; OF Forestry Abstracts 1990 051-03991; 7Y Agroforestry Abstracts 1990 003-00637 | |
| 411 | Kalapula, E.S. 1989. Woodfuel situation and deforestation in Zambia. Ambio. 1989., 18: 5, 293–294; 7 ref. |
| A synopsis. Aspects of the situation discussed include the severe environmental effects of deforestation, the rapid (environmental and uncontrolled) escalation of deforestation due to growing urban demands for charcoal, charcoal sources (mainly Brachystegia and Julbernardia spp. from the country's predominant vegetation type, miombo woodland), and the economic reasons for the use of charcoal in urban areas (although charcoal is more expensive than electricity for cooking and heating, most compound dwellers cannot afford either the cost of installing electricity or of electrical appliances). | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F408796; 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-03963; 1F Forest-Products-Abstracts 1990 013-01369 | |
| 412 | Patao, D.N. 1987. Sample survey of charcoal and fuelwood consumption in Region I. (in the Philippines). FPRDI Journal. 1987., 16 (1–2), 58–74; 9 ref. Laguna, Philippines; Forest Products Research and Development Institute. |
| A charcoal and fuelwood (collectively wood fuel) demand survey was conducted in 6 of the 7 provinces of Region I (Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Mt. Province, Benguet and Pangasinan) by interviewing 372 respondents, 69 of whom came from rural areas. The use of wood fuel varied significantly between sectors (rural vs. urban) and among provinces. Most of the rural households (72) used wood fuel solely, whereas urban respondents normally used wood fuel in combination with other non-wood cooking fuel (57). Some 75 of rural respondents collected their fuelwood directly. The corresponding figure for their urban counterparts was 67. Directly collected fuelwood in rural areas usually came from private woodlots located within a radius of 2 km of the household's domicile. In urban areas, 64 of the households gathered fuelwood from the forest although the gatherers had to walk further, collection points generally being beyond the 2-km radius. Wood fuel prices varied according to source and location. It was cheaper to buy from wood gatherers than from wholesalers and retailers. Also, the cost of wood fuel in the rural areas was relatively less than in the urban areas. In both rural and urban areas, fuelwood was mostly preferred for its availability, low price, familiarity of use, and suitability for the preparation of certain dishes. When fuelwood was not available or when the supply was limited, charcoal was used as the alternative fuel because it was relatively low priced. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F414109; 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1990 013-01370 | |
| 413 | Malhotra, K.C.; Kumar, M.V. 1987. Greening urban centres. Science Age. 1987., August, pp 12–15. |
| The results are reported and discussed of a census of standing trees taken on a 4.6-km stretch of the Barrackpore Trunk Road in Calcutta. Trees were classified by species, as young or old, and by association with human activities (economic, religious or social). Some 400 trees were found at average densities of 43.5 trees/km on each side of the road. There were 17 species; the most common were banyan (Ficus bengalensis [F. benghalensis]), peepal (F. religiosa) and krishnachuda (Caeselpinia [Caesalpinia] pulcherrima), which constituted 74 of all trees planted. Other species occurring in appreciable numbers were neem (Azadirachta indica), kadam (Anthocephalus kadamba [A. chinensis]) and radhachuda (Delonix regina [D. regia]). Factors influencing choice of species and tree density are discussed. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F420990; 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-05433 | |
| 414 | Strehl, T.; Lobo, E.A. 1989. Analysis of the morphological characters of Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisel) L.B. Smith and T. recurvata (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) as bioindicators of the urban pollution in Porto Alegre city, Southern Brasil. Proceedings of the Symposium on Anthropogenous effects on plant structure. XIV International Botanical Congress, Berlin, 24 July to 1 Aug. 1987. Aquilo. Ser. Botanica. 1989., v. 27, 19–27; 36 ref. |
| During 1983, 1984 and 1985, several morphological characters of T. aeranthos and T. recurvata, epiphytic on Melia azedarach, Jacaranda mimosifolia and Ligustrum vulgare, in different areas of Porto Alegre city, were measured and compared in order to establish the influence of urban pollution. The city was divided into seven areas, according to urban pollution criteria (traffic, habitation, tree density). The results indicate that T. aeranthos and T. recurvata were affected by pollution causing greater development of the vegetative part of the plant or inhibition of the reproductive part. T. aeranthos was more resistant than T. recurvata, but still decreased in frequency from the periphery to central areas. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F424392; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-04969 | |
| 415 | Yeung, K.M. 1988. Problems of roadside tree selection and growth in Hong Kong. Quarterly Journal of Chinese (Taiwan) Forestry. 1988., 21(4), 119–123; 6 ref. |
Language: Chinese (LS: English) | |
AN code (CAB): F435319; 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-06647 | |
| 416 | Beer, R. Editor. 1986. The Tree in the City. (L'Arbre en Ville). Proceedings of the conference held 13–14 March 1986 in Geneva. Boissiera. 1987., 38, 1–119; many ref. |
| Ten technical papers are presented, covering various topics relating mainly to choice of street trees and urban parks, including: abiotic stress and damage; choice of species in the context of reduced air pollution in large cities; management information systems for urban trees; analysis of trees health; inventories of urban tree populations using remote sensing and photogrammetry, with examples from Germany; vegetation and urban architecture; street and park trees in Geneva; and trees and forests in Paris. | |
Language: English; French; German | |
AN code (CAB): F435750; 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-06082 | |
| 417 | Clark, J.R.; Kjelgren, R.K. 1989. Conceptual and management considerations for the development of urban tree plantings. Journal of Arboriculture. 1989., 15:(10), 229–236; 29 ref. |
| A discussion of the components necessary for successful urban tree planting, such as site-specific environmental surveys, careful selection of species and regular management programmes. | |
Language: English (LS: French) | |
AN code (CAB): F436471; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-06640 | |
| 418 | Schroeder, H.W. 1989. Aesthetic perceptions of the urban forest: a utility perspective. Journal of Arboriculture. 1989., 15:(12), 292–294; 14 ref. |
| A review of research on the aesthetic and psychological values of trees, with suggested implications of this research for utility arboriculture. Research on human perception of urban environments has shown repeatedly that trees have a powerful positive influence on aesthetics and visual quality. They also promote relaxation and recovery from stress. Street trees are primarily valued for visual aesthetics and shade. Large trees are the most preferred, especially when their foliage forms a continuous canopy above the street. | |
Language: English (LS: French) | |
AN code (CAB): F439039; OF Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-07365 | |
| 419 | Scoones, I.C.; Pretty, J. 1990. Rapid rural appraisal for economics: exploring incentives to tree management in Sudan. Agroforestry for sustainable production. Economic implications [edited by Prinsley, R.T.]. 1990., 147–184; 7 ref. London, UK; Commonwealth Science Council (CSC). |
| Understanding the incentives to tree management requires a disaggregated analysis that incorporates regional, village, group and individual perspectives. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) techniques offer an approach to understanding farming system complexity and local specificity. Based on a study made in 1989, examples are given for two villages in the proximity of Khartoum, Sudan, that provide illustrations of different determinants of local incentives. Regional level influences on tree management related to changing patterns of wood product supply and demand and the interaction of urban and rural markets. Uncertainty over economic, tenurial and environmental influences on the village farming system affected tree management incentives; land use, tenure patterns and institutional control over communal forest land were also significant influences. Preferences for different tree species by different sectors of a village influenced assessments of the costs and benefits of alternative tree management options. Similarly, different socioeconomic groups had varying interests in the local resource base and were affected to different degrees by changes in the wider economy. It is argued that a disaggregated analysis, investigating economic incentives at different levels, provides a more complete understanding of incentives for tree management in rural development, which is normally not achieved by an aggregate statistical survey. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F446868; OF Forestry Abstracts 1990 051-08135; 7Y Agroforestry Abstracts 1990 003-01483 | |
| 420 | Miller, R.W. 1988. Urban forestry: planning and managing urban greenspaces. xii + 404 pp.; many ref. New Jersey, USA; Prentice Hall. 1988. |
| A textbook aimed at students of urban forestry and arboriculture, and a useful reference book for city foresters, greenbelt managers and commercial and utility arborists, with particular attention to the planning for and management of trees in the urban environment. Emphasis is on urban forestry in the USA. The 15 chapters are presented in 3 parts: Introduction to urban forestry (4 chapters); Appraisal and inventory of urban vegetation (3 chapters); and Planning for and management of urban vegetation (8 chapters), including legislation, street trees, parks and open spaces. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F457878 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-00012 | |
| 421 | James, N.D.G. 1991. The arboriculturalist's companion: a guide to the care of trees. (2nd Edition 1991). 2nd Ed., xii + 244 pp. Oxford, UK; Basil Blackwell. |
| A completely revised edition of this book (first published in 1972) concerned with the growing and maintenance of trees for ornamental and amenity purposes (mainly the UK), including spacing, transplanting, pruning, protection and safety. Information is given on the identification and treatment of many of the diseases and insect pests that attack trees. Guidelines are presented for trees in: streets and roadsides; urban development; industrial wasteland; hedges, screens and shelterbelts; avenues, parks and amenity woods; and botanic gardens and arboreta. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F458009 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-00018 | |
| 422 | Jim, C.Y. 1990. Evaluation of tree species for amenity planting in Hong Kong. Arboricultural Journal. U.K. 14(1), 27–44; 13 refs. 1990. |
| Following a survey of 5000 trees in urban Hong Kong, a systematic species evaluation is presented and discussed. Major arboricultural attributes (height, crown diameter, growth, desirable/undesirable traits, environmental tolerance, suitable habitats) and problems (wounds and scars, cavities, broken branches, foliage symptoms, exposed roots, girdling roots, deformed paving) are tabulated for the 20 most commonly occurring species, and 40 less common species are listed and rated for amenity planting. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F460950 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-01200 | |
| 423 | Hibberd, B.G. editor. 1989. Urban forestry practice. Handbook UK Forestry Commission, Department of the Environment. No.5, 150 pp.; 137 refs. London, UK. |
| Practical advice/information is provided on the establishment, management and maintenance of trees and woodlands in urban and urban fringe areas of the UK for different purposes, with a comprehensive technical examination of social and planning considerations. Sections are included on: public involvement and the planning and management of community events and projects; site preparation, choice of species, planting stock, establishment and early maintenance; aftercare and subsequent management, pruning, diseased and damaged trees, and buildings; and potential for timber. A list of tree species is included, with a checklist of potentially desirable characteristics. | |
Language: English (LS: French, German) | |
AN code (CAB): F75082 | |
AGRIS: 91-034566 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1990 051-01793 | |
| 424 | Cobham, R. 1990. Amenity landscape management: a resources handbook. 458pp.; ref., fig., tab., ILAM. London, UK; E&FN Spon Ltd. |
| Land devoted to amenity purposes is becoming increasingly widespread and the continuing provision of public open space in towns and cities requires the services of efficient amenity management and maintenance professionals, as well as inspired designers. The amenity professions, like all others, require certain tools with which to do their job and the present publication is an attempt to provide a reference manual coordinating landscape management data in an accessible form. Intended to aid those interested in preparing and implementing plans, it concerns both the provision and management of public amenities and leisure facilities. The book is divided into six sections: (1) the scope of amenity landscape management, which discusses the concepts and issues involved, as well as site variables; (2) the management of amenity grasslands, which considers the management of various grassland types; (3) the management of woody plants; (4) the management of other plants and plantings; and (5) the management of other surfaces, which adopts a similar approach to the discussion of these individual issues; (6) synthesis and practice, the final chapter, examines approaches and applications and presents future scenarios and contingency planning. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): R766189 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1991 052-03315 | |
| 425 | Thaman, R.R. 1988. By the people and for the people: home gardening and national development in the Pacific Islands. Small Scale Agriculture [edited by Hirst, J.; Overton, J.; Allen, B.; Byron, Y.]. 1988., 167 181; tab., OQEH. Canberra, Australia; Commonwealth Geographical Bureau, Commonwealth Foundation and Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. |
| The paper first considers the present status of home gardens in the Pacific Islands, and then postulates how home gardens development is entirely consistent with and would contribute to the stated development objectives of the various island states. Two main types are identified: home gardening in urban areas; and home gardening adjacent to rural areas. The most common food crops grown in home gardens include cassava, taro, sweet potato and tania (Xanthosoma spp.), although there are regional variations. Supplementary food crops, such as vegetables, and food trees, such as Citrus spp., are also grown. Some animal husbandry (pigs, chickens, ducks) is also practised, but not as widely as crop production. Despite the considerable importance of home gardening in the Pacific islands, it faces a number of problems, including unfavourable climate, poor soils, cost and availability of land and water, insufficient time and labour, theft and lack of government assistance. In light of the fact that home gardening seems to further almost all the major national development objectives of Pacific Island states, its systematic promotion could be one of the most direct means of achieving meaningful and sustainable development. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): R785035 | |
CAB code: 7Y Agroforestry-Abstracts 1991 004-00088 | |
| 426 | Eberhard, A.A. 1990. Energy consumption patterns and supply problems in underdeveloped areas in South Africa. Development Southern Africa. 1990., 7:(3), 335–346; 23 ref., 4 fig., BLDSC. |
| Energy usage provides one striking example of processes and conditions of development and underdevelopment in South Africa and the concomitant inequalities in fulfilment of basic needs. Access to affordable and convenient fuels increases as households shift from underdeveloped rural and peri-urban areas to the developed metropolitan centres. The form and quantity of fuels used by households is constrained by levels of urbanization, the availability and cost of fuels, and household income. The energy supply problems in developing areas centre on two critical and immediate issues. Firstly, in rural areas the demand for fuelwood is exceeding supply with quite devastating social, economic and environmental consequences. A fuelwood supply and demand model has been developed which indicates the urgency for implementing afforestation programmes, although lack of sufficient suitable land implies that other energy supply strategies will also have to be considered. The second major problem is that the standard, most convenient and affordable domestic energy supply option, electricity, has still not been made available to many black townships and most peri-urban areas. With increases in population and urbanization, the problem of adequate household energy supply is shifting to peri-urban areas, which experience major social and economic costs as a result of dependence on costly and inconvenient fossil fuels and batteries. Electricity has been shown to be the most economical and preferred option. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): R95087 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1991 052-05168; 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1991 014-01814 | |
| 427 | Fehler, K.; Frank, C.; Liedner, E.; Lundh, E.; Sjogren, H. 1988. Land use in the urban-rural fringe of Chipata, Zambia. A discussion on the prospects for land utilization, emphasizing long-term natural resource management. A minor field study. Arbetsrapport, U Landsavdelningen, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet. 1988., No. 85, 129pp.; 67 ref., fig., pl., tab., app., OQEH. |
| The study discusses the positive and negative prospects for land use in the urban-rural fringe of Chipata, a town of about 60 000 inhabitants in eastern Zambia. The prevailing urbanization process and the rapid growth of the town is contributing to the imbalance between urban and rural areas. The migration process and the resulting concentration of people to limited areas is leading to a high pressure on land in the town and its surroundings, evoking competition for natural resources and causing depletion of soil, water and vegetation. The exploitation of natural resources and the impact on the natural environment by different categories of land users are discussed, emphasizing the importance of long term management planning. Examples of over-exploitation and other misuse, and the consequences for land and land use are discussed. Finally, three scenarios representing alternative visions of the future are presented. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need to modify the present land use system. Urban agriculture and gathering of woodfuel are commonly practiced. People lack alternative sources and thus supply themselves with food and energy in ways similar to those in the traditional villages. As land is sparse, marginal land is utilized. The resulting deforestation of the hills is one of the most serious problems. The present land tenure system divides land into state land and trust reserve land which evokes an uneven resource utilization in the area and contributes to conflicts. When considering lines of action concerning modifications of land use, planners should consider alternative future uses for Chipata, the actions required to move in that direction, and ways in which a balanced and efficient management of natural resources can be achieved. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): R616888 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1989 050-03511 | |
| 428 | Morgan, W.B.; Moss, P.A. 1985. Biomass energy and urbanisation: commercial factors in the production and use of biomass fuels in tropical Africa. Biomass. 1985., 6:(4), 285–299; 16 ref. |
| Biomass fuels are important commercially as wood fuel and as substitutes for other fuels. Of rural origin, they meet non-renewable fuels at a rural/urban interface. Equilibrium in fuel use, competition and substitution are discussed in relation to rapid urbanization and changes in agricultural activities. Urban consumption in about 18 African countries is reviewed and the special problems of arid regions outlined. The advantages are stressed of a policy of developing the use of a variety of energy resources. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F298362 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1989 050-01540: 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1989 012-00630 | |
| 429 | Munslow, B.; Katerere, Y.; Ferf, A.; O'Keefe, P. 1988. The fuelwood trap: a study of the SADCC region. viii + 181 pp.; 214 ref. London, UK; Earthscan Publications Ltd. |
| A study on regional energy resources commissioned by the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) for the 9 countries involved: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Fuelwood shortages and their causes are examined, using case studies, in rural and urban situations. Various options for addressing the urban fuelwood problem are discussed. It is concluded that the best way to ensure future fuelwood supplies, and at the same time prevent further environmental degradation, is to improve management of woody biomass within existing production systems based on innovations and responses already occurring among smallholder farmers. Cooperation and coordination is essential between regional and national bodies responsible for energy, forestry, rural development, environment and agriculture. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F300863 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry Abstracts 1989 050-01488; 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1989 012-00540 | |
| 432 | Rowntree, R.A. 1988. Ecology of the urban forest: introduction to Part III. Landscape and Urban Planning. 1988., 15: 1–2, 1–10; 25 ref. |
| An introduction to a special issue on ‘urban forest ecology’ comprising 14 research reports covering: mapping and description of urban vegetation; values and preferences people assign to urban vegetation; and the way these values find their way into law and planning policy. Two earlier special issues (on ‘urban forest structure’ and ‘urban forest function’) were published in urban Ecology 8 (1984) and urban Ecology 9 (1986). | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F326196 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1989 050-04785 | |
| 433 | Soemarwoto, O.; Soemarwoto, I. 1982. Home garden: its nature, origin and future development. Proceedings of the workshop on ecological basis for rational resource utilization in the humid tropics of South East Asia, 18–22 January 1982, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia [edited by Kamis, N.; Lee, S.; Lai, F.S.; Abd. Rahman Md. Derus; Sheikh Ali Abod]. 1982, 130–139; 9 ref. Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Universiti Pertanian Malaysia; Faculti Perhutanan. |
| An analytical account of the Indonesian home garden (or pekarangan), mostly with reference to Java. The pekarangan is defined as a piece of land where a house stands and on which is generally planted a mixture of many plant species; animals are also kept. The house is a crucial element of the pekarangan. The mixture of plant species, the wandering animals and the multistorey nature of the pekarangan resemble those of a tropical forest, both in structural and ecological characteristics. The plants protect against erosion and provide a gene bank, and the whole pekarangan fulfils multiple needs for the owner. The pekarangan originated from the forest. In Central Java, the people distinguish a transitional phase between forest and pekarangan called a tegal-pekarangan; when a house is built on this it becomes a pekarangan. In West Java a modified slash-and-burn system is found, called a kebun-talun. The talun (which can be called a man-made forest) is a land-use system which resembles a pekarangan but has no house and is usually located outside the settlement. In the talun, a clearing is made by total or selective cutting or by tree pruning, and crops are grown within it. The cultivated clearing is the kebun, and it is usually dominated by cash crops. The activities carried out are similar to those in a conventional slash-and-burn system except that the clearing of the talun is done for harvesting bamboo and wood; only dry litter and small branches are burnt and the ash is usually mixed with animal dung for fertilizer. Bamboos and seedlings gradually start to regrow in the kebun, and some species (e.g. Albizia falcataria) are also planted. As the trees grow larger fewer annuals can be grown. The kebun with a mixture of perennials and annuals is called a kebun camparan; gradually it reverts to a talun. A pekarangan may originate from a talun in which a house is built; it may also originate from a rice field. Charges occurring in pekarangans as they develop from rural to urban types are described. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F342671 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1989 050-06023; 7Y Agroforestry-Abstracts 1990 003-00106 | |
| 434 | Jannuzzi, G.de M. 1988. Fuelwood consumption in urban areas. (Uso de lenha em areas urbanas.). Ciencia e Cultura Sao Paulo. 1988., 40:(3), 289–291; 2 ref. |
| A discussion of published data collected during a survey of 800 households in shanty town areas of Campinas, Sao Paulo, in July 1985. Cooking equipment and fuel type are related to income. Wood continued to be an important source of domestic energy because of alternative fuel costs and limited availability of electricity and liquefied gas. As income increased and more women joined the urban labour pool, fuelwood was replaced by gas and electricity. | |
Language: Portuguese (LS: English) | |
AN code (CAB): F385800 | |
CAB code: 1F Forest Products Abstracts 1990 013-00554 | |
| 435 | Mary, F. 1987. Agroforests and societies. A socioeconomic analysis of Indonesian agroforestry systems. (Agroforets et societes. Analyse socio-economique de systemes agroforestiers indonesiens.). Serie Notes et Documents Economie et Sociologie Rurales/Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomi que. 1987., No. 81, 96pp.; 39 ref., 14 fig., 10 tab., OQEH. |
| The report summarizes a thesis on the same subject and outlines the principal results of a socioeconomic analysis of the complexity and logic of the behaviour and practices of peasant farmers involved in Indonesia's agroforestry sector. An attempt is made to understand the economic aspects of agroforestry which bring about the renewal and enrichment of agricultural and ecological systems, and to determine how mixed gardening is adjusting to increased urbanization in South East Asia's agrarian and largely autocratic society. The significance of forests, agriculture, and agroforestry in Indonesia is briefly discussed. The report is divided into two parts. Firstly results gathered in the preparation of the thesis are reviewed and analysed, and an economic evaluation made of agroforestry systems. Secondly, three case studies are presented, based on: a village located far from any urbanized settlement in Sumatra; a village in central Sumatra, which is more densely populated; and a village close to Bogor and Jakarta in Java where fresh fruit is a major product of mixed gardening enterprises. Technical details of these operations are provided. Agroforestry systems are characterized by a rapid adaptation to economic conditions and by intensive farming. As part of farming systems they may be associated with sedentary agriculture with or without a commercial purpose or to pioneer farming in a forest zone. Appendices present survey methodology and collected statistical data. | |
Language: French (LS: English, Indonesian) | |
AN code (CAB): R621776 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1989 050-03530; 7Y Agroforestry-Abstracts 1990 003-00559 | |
| 436 | Tricaud, P.M. 1987. Urban agriculture in Ibadan and Freetown. Reports of FEN Research on Food Energy Nexus Programme, United Nations University. 1987., No. 23, 33pp. + pl.; ref., fig., tab., OQEH. |
| Most of the gardeners in both cities are of low economic status and their land tenure situation is very vulnerable: most of them squat or (at best) rent land. Economic need and knowledge of residents have transformed the land left over by urbanization (whether unsuitable for construction or waiting to be developed) into gardens notable for their ecological richness and variety. Apart from differences due to physical factors such as slope, soil type and water supply, the gardens also differ by the choice of species and by size. More than 60 species were identified in a survey of the cities, but the actual number is certainly much higher, notably for trees and shrubs which are grown in small numbers for specific purposes. The 3 main crop patterns are: short-cycle crops (almost entirely vegetables); annual crops (primarily staple foods) with short-cycle crops; and complex associations which include semi-perennials (bananas, pawpaws) and perennials, mostly trees for fruit, shade and medicinal and ornamental purposes. The size of plots varies between less than 100 m2 (and sometimes even less than 30 m2) in the irrigated lowlands of Freetown, to more than 1000 m2 in most of the cultivated zones of Ibadan. There is an obvious correlation between the choice of crops and the size of plots: plots of less than 100 m2 are used for leaf vegetables and the larger plots (whether in Freetown or Ibadan) are used for annual crops. Garden produce is consumed within the household, substantially improving nutrition, while any surplus is sold. The gardens also improve the cities' physical environment, they recycle waste, and are useful in flood and erosion control. Two groups of measures are proposed to encourage people to cultivate or increase production and thus the beneficial effects of urban agriculture: extensive steps which aim at directly increasing the cultivated area, whether with land specifically designated for agriculture or with temporarily vacant land, or with residual spaces which can be improved by tree planting; and intensive steps which aim at increasing the production on given land by a more efficient use of resources, both natural and human. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): R633502 | |
CAB code: 7Y Agroforestry-Abstracts 1990 003-00350 | |
| 437 | O'Keefe, P.; Munslow, B. 1989. Understanding fuelwood. I.A critique of existing interventions in Southern Africa; II. Starting with the people (2 papers). Natural Resources Forum. 1989., 13:(1), 2–10; 11–13; ref., BLDSC. |
| The first article reviews the current experience in the planning and execution of fuelwood projects in Southern Africa, particularly in the 9 member states of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC). In recent years, fuelwood has been isolated as an ‘energy crisis’ issue and has seized the interest of donor agencies. A number of technical fixes to a number of narrowly defined fuelwood problems are reviewed: energy from agricultural wastes; improved stoves; urban fuelwood plantations; and communal woodlots and agroforestry. The majority of interventions by those agencies are ill-conceived and do not address the real nature of the fuelwood problem. The second article outlines a new approach to the fuelwood problem. The best way to ensure future fuelwood supplies and simultaneously to prevent environmental degradation is to improve the management of woody biomass within existing production systems. The knowledge and techniques being practised within farming communities should be valued and built upon. The starting point is to discover local people's priority concerns and encourage tree production to meet those needs. In this way the fuelwood problem can best be tackled indirectly to achieve the required ends. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): R678808 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1990 051-02602; 7Y Agroforestry-Abstracts 1990 003-00587 | |
| 438 | Stanaitis, A. 1983. A planters guide to the urban forest. TreePeople, CA, USA. 96pp. |
| 439 | Webster, A.D.; Habjorg, A.; Whitlow, T.H.; Bassuk, N.L.; Robinson, D.W. 1988. Woody plants in the urban environment: selection and management. Proceedings of the Symposium held at the 22nd International Congress in Davis California on 15 Aug. 1986 by the American Society for Horticultural Science; published in HortScience. 1988., 23: (3), I, 533–552; many ref. |
| The papers presented were: European selection schemes for woody ornamentals, by A.D. Webster; Ecophysiology and selection of European urban trees, by A. Habjorg; Ecophysiology of Urban trees and their management - the North American experience, by T.H. Whitlow and N.L. Bassuk; and Mulches and herbicides in ornamental plantings, by D.W. Robinson. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): C522830 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1989 050-00525 | |
| 440 | Daus, S.J.; Guero, M.; Ada, L. 1986. A remote sensing aided inventory of fuelwood volumes in the Sahel region of West Africa: a case study of five urban zones in the Republic of Niger. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium: Remote Sensing for Resources Development and Environmental Management. ISPRS [International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing] Commission VII, Enschede, Aug. 1986 [edited by Damen, M.C.J.; Smit, G.S.; Verstappen, H.T.]. 1986., Vol. 1, 403–408. Rotterdam, Netherlands; A.A. Balkema. |
| An inventory covering about 150 000 km2 using Landsat satellite images, medium scale aerial photography and field data collected from 349 sites. | |
Language: English | |
AN code (CAB): F209130 | |
CAB code: 0F Forestry-Abstracts 1988 049-02157 |
