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The declaration called for the following principal objectives to be reached by the year 2000:
The declaration also envisaged a substantial reduction in the following areas:
Follow-up monitoring at national and international levels was called for.
The World Summit for Children, organized by UNICEF, gave a specific commitment to improving the nutrition of children. The declaration included the commitment to “work for optimal growth and development in childhood, through measures to eradicate hunger, malnutrition and famine, and thus relieve millions of children of tragic sufferings in a world that has the means to feed all its citizens”. Adequate household food security, a healthy environment, control of infections and adequate maternal and child care were viewed as principal requirements for nutritional improvement. The World Summit for Children's Plan of Action included a specific set of quantified goals. It called for the achievement of the following goals by the year 2000:
The commitments made at the World Summit for Children are monitored globally, and reports on progress or the lack thereof are issued on a regular basis (e.g. UNICEF, 1994a, 1995a).
The World Food Conference noted the existence of major problems related to nutrition and recommended the formulation and integration of “concerted food and nutrition plans” at national and international levels. It highlighted actions in the area of food intervention programmes, nutrition education, basic health, increased participation of women, fortification of staple foods, consumer education services and food legislation. The World Food Conference advocated the establishment of a global nutrition-surveillance system by FAO, WHO and UNICEF and stressed the need to intensify nutrition-related research in the areas of food production, processing, preservation, storage, distribution and utilization. The conference defined no quantitative goals for nutritional improvement within a fixed time frame, nor did it provide for any comprehensive, long-term follow-up or monitoring of the goals that were set.
The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, held in Virginia, USA, in the midst of the Second World War had as its main objective the “freedom from want of food, suitable and adequate for the health and strength of all peoples”. The need for the expansion of the entire world economy and markets in order to increase purchasing power and thereby make possible “an adequate diet for all” was emphasized. The conference considered poverty to be the primary cause of malnutrition and hunger, and adequate food was seen as the most fundamental of primary necessities. Economic development as a means of improving nutrition was emphasized, and nutritional adequacy was noted as the most fundamental need. These are positions upon which the international community appears to be converging again more than 50 years later.
