Author:

Fu Mingzou

Title:

Seasonal climatic environment of desertification in coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

Publisher:

Journal of Desert Research. 14(1):31-40

Date: 1994

Language: Chinese

Classification:

2Ea, 2Eb, 3Ac, 4Ba, 4Bb, 4Bc

Region:

Eastern China

Summary:

The coastal climate of the Yellow and Bohai Seas is controlled by the East Asia continental air mass during winter and spring and the West Pacific oceanic air mass. The former helps create an arid and windy decertified environment with rare precipitation, low air humidity, high daily temperature differences, high aridity and frequent strong winds. The climatic conditions in winter and spring of the coastal areas of the Bohai are similar to those of the inland desert of northern China. In coastal areas of the Yellow Sea, strong winds are frequent and the climate is very dry in winter, making the area desertification-prone. During summer and autumn precipitation is quite sufficient and wind infrequent and weak, making the climate favourable for plant growth. Coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are therefore subject to seasonal desertification.

Authors:

Guan Guilan, Wang Weiwei and Yang Yusuo (Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Pedology and Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Title:

Studies on the rhizobia resources in Xinjiang arid areas and their symbiotic nitrogen fixation attributes

Publisher:

Acta Microbiologica Sinica. 31(5):396-404

Date:

1991

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

6Ee

Region:

Xinjiang, China

Summary:

Strains of rhizobia were isolated from 109 species that belong to 31 genera; 88 strains were rhizobia acquired from nodules of plants where nodulation was not reported. Ninety-five percent of the nodules formed by these rhizobia were efficient in nitrogen fixation. Nodules from Astragalus genus plants possessed high nitrogen fixing ability, the maximum level was 42 times more than that of soybean nodules in the same locality. Uptake hydrogenous activity was detected in 97 percent of 37 species from 20 genera. Both nitrogenous and hydrogenous activities are closely related to the growth of plants.

Authors:

Guan Guilan, Wang Weiwei and Yang Yusuo

Title:

Nitrogen fixation plant resources in the arid regions of Xinjiang

Publisher:

Science Press Dn.202

Date:

1991

Language:

Chinese

Available:

Chinese Academy of Forestry

Classification:

2Eb, 6Eb

Region:

Xinjiang, China

Summary:

This book presents research conducted during the last decade on nitrogen fixation plant resources in the arid regions in Xinjiang The biological character of the legume species with root nodules and associated nitrogen fixation nodule bacteria species, nodule bacteria populations and their physiological and biochemical reactions and stress resistant capacities and the effectiveness of nodule bacteria application in arid areas is systematically discussed. Special attention is given to land-distributed nitrogen fixation algae species, distribution patterns in arid regions in Xinjiang, ecological conditions, population characteristics, physiological functions and application potential. Valuable germplasm resources of plant species that possess the root nodules were firstly identified. Of the 20 000 legume species in the world, 3 000 possess nitrogen fixation root nodules; 85 percent of these have not yet been systematically studied. Even in areas such as Xinjiang, which possesses large areas of desertificated or saline land, nitrogen fixation plant resources adapt to the arid environment.

Author:

Han Shuti (Geography Department, Xinjiang University)

Title:

Environmental change of inland-type climate during the late period of late Pleistocene in northern Xinjiang

Publisher:

Geographical Research. 12(2):47-54

Date:

l993

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2B, 2Cb, 3C, 4Aa

Region:

Xinjiang

Summary:

This paper uses sedimentary profiles, i.e. representative Hole A combined with age-determination data, to systematically study various environmental elements of Balikun Lake in northern Xinjiang. The sedimentary environment provides indicators of biological, physical and chemical processes in arid land, which confirm that environmental change of Balikun Lake evolved during a period of alternating cold-wet and warm-dry climates. This inland-type climate has been influenced by environmental change factors since the late period of late Pleistocene. Given the region's special geographic position, studies of these phenomenon provide a model for inland-type climates and support other regional studies in global climate change.

Authors:

Han Siming and Yang Chunfeng (Northwestern Agricultural University)

Title:

Stubble mulching in drylands on the Loess Plateau in China

Publisher:

Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. (3): l -12

Date:

1988

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

3Ab, 6Ce

Region:

Loess Plateau, Shaanxi

Summary:

In order to find effective measures for storing water and conserving moisture, experiments in stubble mulching have been conducted in Chengcheng, Qianxian and Wugong counties, Shaanxi province since 1984. Three years of experimental results show that when the land to be planted with winter wheat is covered with wheat straw during the growth period, soil water contents increase remarkably and water is maintained in the upper layer of soil. Land mulched with 6 000 kg of wheat straw per ha was the most effective. Moisture stored in the 200-cm soil layer can store 41.9 mm of rainfall water more than in the land without mulching at the end of summer fallow. Stubble mulching also improves soil structure and fertility. Wheat yield in mulched land may increase ten to 20 percent in comparison with nonmulched land, justifying extended use of stubble mulching.

Author:

Harazono Yoshinobu

Title:

Study of the micro-climate of decertified land in Naiman area

Publisher:

Journal of Desert Research. 13(2):44-51

Date:

1993

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

6Ed

Region:

Inner Mongolia

Summary:

Situated in northeastern China, Naiman area has a temperate grassland monsoon climate. Under the influence of drought and strong wind, decertified land in the area has expanded to 5 720 km² seriously affecting economic development. Preliminary micro-climate observations on the sandyland showed that when desertification processes intensity the near-surface micro-climate is affected first. Solar radiation loss is up to 572 w/m2; net radiation averages 50 percent at noon. Daily mean reflectivity is 36 percent. Air and ground temperatures also show great variation. There is a reduction in surface roughness and an increase in turbulent motion causing wind erosion on the land surface. These climatic elements directly reflect deterioration of the desertification environment.

Authors:

Hu Jialiang, Xiang Kaifu, Zhao Yusen (Northeast Forestry University)

Title:

Evaluation of the agroecological effects of shelterbelt networks in northeastern semi-arid regions

Publisher:

Journal of Ecology. 9(3):42

Date:

1990

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

6Cb, 6Ee

Region:

North China

Summary:

The ecological benefits of shelterbelt networks are attributable to their integrated effects on various meteorological factor. The calculated regression equation is: Ec = 246.52 - 12.17e + 0.58t + 6.58u. Monthly field evaporation during the growing season can be reduced by 30 to 32.5 mm which is equal to an additional heavy rainfall. The average monthly reduction is 13.8 mm, equal to a medium rainfall in sheltered farmlands Two-thirds of the total network area receives the most benefit; none or little-benefited areas occupy only four to five percent. Benefits depend on tree height of shelterbelt and size of' the network which can be regulated by proper design.

Author:

Hu Wengkang

Title:

The Taklimakan Desert environment and its changes in the 20th century

Publisher:

Arid Zone Research. 9(4):1-9

Date:

1992

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Ec, 3D

Region:

Xinjiang, China

Summary:

In the 20th century factors influencing the Taklimakan Desert environment have changed from natural to artificial, resulting in a sharp decrease in population and other life forms, complete changes in spatial and distribution patterns of water systems, rapid development of embryonic sand dunes in the lower areas of rivers and deterioration of the micro-climate environment in some areas. In order to adjust and control desertification, human efforts to rehabilitate the natural environment must be strengthened and human activities that destroy the natural environment, reduced.

Authors:

Huang Peiyou, Pan Weibin and Li Heitao (Department Of Biology, Xinjiang University)

Title:

The feedback of desert plants on spatial patterns of snow melt in the Jungger basin

Publisher:

Acta Phytoecoloxica Sinica. 16(4)

Date:

1992

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Ec, 3Aa, 6Ec

Region:

Xinjiang, China

Summary:

In temperate deserts snow nearest plants melts first, followed by the snow in more distant areas. As a water flow passage into the soil appears, centred at the plant to collect the snow melt and water the plant, the depth of wet sand increases. Data from sampling areas indicates to what extent sand moisture around plants increases. The amount of snow melt collected by the plant's root zone is 56.77 mm, which is 228.9 percent of the snow melt received in barren areas. The utilization efficiency of snow melt for desert plants is improved as moisture moves from upper soil layer to deep soil. This, in turn, influences the distribution pattern of desert plants.

Author:

Jiang Fengqi

Title:

Ecological views on development and utilization of sandyland

Publisher:

Chinese Journal of Ecology. 12(3):44-46

Date:

1993

Classification:

2B, 6Aa

Language:

Chinese

Region:

North China

Summary:

This author discusses new ways to develop and utilize sandyland in order to meet population growth needs and use natural resources more efficiently. It is possible to improve sandyland uses, since sandyland areas have rich light and heat resources, peculiar biological resources consisting of more than 1 000 plant species and over 600 animal species. As an ecosystem, sandyland is quite fragile. One desertification control model is presented here-a successful experience exploiting sandyland resource by developing agriculture through planting trees and establishing shelterbelts. Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry should be developed comprehensively and intensive management techniques applied.

Author:

Jiang Jixi (National Satellite Meteorology Center, Beijing 100081)

Title:

A study of the black storm formation using GMS-4 imagery

Publisher:

Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology. 6(2):177-184

Language:

Chinese

Date:

1995

Classification:

2Cd, 3Aa, 3Ba

Region:

Northwestern China

Summary:

Cause of the black storm formation over parts of Gansu and Ningxia during late afternoon and early evening on 5 May 1993 are investigated using GMS-4-S-VISSR hourly data and conventional data. Results show that the formation was mainly caused by a mesoscale convective system with a squall line in advance of a cold front. It moved eastward and basically consorted with 700-500 hPa mean flow. The predictability of this black storm formation is discussed.

Author:

Jiao Shu ren (Sand-fixing Afforestation Institute, Liaoning Province)

Title:

Litters, humus and micro-organisms in sand-fixing forest

Publisher:

Journal of Northeast Forestry University. 17(4):10-17

Date:

1989

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

6Ec

Region:

China

Summary:

The article reviews the storage, composition and decomposition of litter, the content and components of soil humus and the distribution of soil micro-organisms in sand plantations, based on data acquired between 1980 and 1988. Results show that annual litter fall in 25-27 year-old Mongolian Scotch Pine and Chinese Pine plantations is 2.5-3.0 t/ha and 3.0 t/ha, respectively, and 2.4 t/ha in 22-year-old False Simon Poplar plantations. The content of soil humus, which increases in surface layers of different stands, was 7.5 to 9.6 and 2.4 to 11.1 times higher in A1 and A2 layers as that in the same layers of the mobile dunes. Plantations not only increased the content of organic material but also make the humicacid/fulicacid ratio decline and stabilize and raise C/N values and amounts of soil microbes in different stands. It is preferable to establish mixed plantations with Mongolian pine, broadleaf trees and shrubs which increase the content of soil humus and microbes, thus changing both composition and quality.

Author:

Jing Ke (Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Planning Commission of China)

Title:

The effect of global climatic warming on erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau

Publisher:

Geographical Research. 12(2):1-8

Date:

1993

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2B, 3Ab, 4Aa

Region:

Loess Plateau

Summary:

In recent years' erosion and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau have declined due to periodic reduction in precipitation. This paper discusses variations in erosion and sediment yields on the Loess Plateau given future trends in global climatic warming. Based on historical correlations between the variations in erosion and climate, strong erosion and deposition have been shown to occur during dry periods. Global climatic warming will cause the Loess Plateau to become wetter and vegetation cover should increase, leading to a reduction in erosion and sediment yield. Limited environmental carrying capacity and over population, however, will counteract this benefit and cause erosion and sediment yield to remain at present levels.

Authors:

Lan Zesun

Title:

Experimental study of vegetation restoration on decertified land of' Yanchi county, Ningxia

Publisher:

Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment. 7(3,4):313-317

Date:

1993

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2D, 6Cb, 6Cd

Region:

Ningxia

Summary:

The Ningxia Forestry Department and the Japanese Consultation Association for Overseas Forestry carried out a joint desertification control experiment in 1990 and 1992 at the Gaoshawo Forestry Centre in Yanchi county, Ningxia. The project sought to raise the survival rate of planted trees through enclosed sands for plant growth and artificial broadcast sowing, mechanical barriers, planting shrubs and grasses by hand, variation in tree and shrub species and density and "front shelter and back pull" techniques to fix shifting sand. The landscape has resulted in ecological, economic and social benefits. Vegetation coverage has risen 74 percent. Practical experience in areas such as plant selection and use of absorbent polymer material can have wider application.