Authors:

Zhao Zhipeng, Guo Xiuahen and Zhang Liangpu (Research Institute of Forestry, CAF, Beijing 100091)

Title:

Application of commercial ectomycorrhizal inocula on container-grown Chinese Pine seedlings for afforestation in Loess Plateau

Publisher:

Scientia Silvae Sinicae. 29(5):401-407

Date:

1993

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

3Ab, 6Cd

Region:

Loess Plareau

Summary:

A commercial inoculum of Suillus grevillei, produced with a liquid fermentor, was inoculated onto container-grown Chinese pine seedlings, together with the spore slurry of Pisolithus tinctorins, bacteria inoculum and phosphate fertilizer in different combinations. After only 100 days of growth, the mycorrhizal seedlings were used for afforestation on Chinese Loess Plateau. The results of this four-year experiment showed that the optimum treatment was the combination of S. grevillei, bacteria and phosphate fertilizer; the treatment which consisted of the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and fertilizer performed better than the one which used only mycorrhizal fungi; the treatment which used only fertilizer performed better than the control treatment, but was not as good as other treatments. Based on these findings, mycorrhizal fungi can enhance the growth of seedlings, especially in dry weight and phosphate absorption, increase the survival rate of afforestation and continue to exert attributes which accelerate the growth of seedlings in afforestation sites after three years.

Authors:

Zheng Fenli (Northwestern Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, 712100)

Title:

Relationship between environmental change and natural erosion and human induced, accelerated erosion

Publisher:

Acta Ecological Sinica. 15(3):251-259

Date:

1995

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Eb, 3Aa, 3Bb, 4Aa, 4Ab, 4Ba, 4Bb

Region:

Loess Plateau

Summary:

The natural landscape of the Loess Plateau has been changed by severe soil erosion. The Ziwuling forest region provides a good study area for tracing the course of environmental change, natural erosion and man-made, accelerated erosion. Typical methods for regional investigations, on site experimental studies and chemical analysis of samples were used to analyse the impact of forest vegetation destruction and restoration on soil erosion, characteristics of natural erosion under balanced natural ecological conditions and the process of man-made accelerated erosion caused by forest vegetation destruction and soil degradation.

Authors:

Zheng Xiwei, Zhao Ronghui, Song Xiujie, Zhao Ronghui and Song Xiujie (Institute of Forestry and Fruit, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry)

Title:

Studies on the drought resistance of main silvicultural species in the western part of Liaoning province

Publisher:

Scientia Silvae Sinicae. 26(4):253-258

Date:

1990

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Ea, 3Aa, 6Ea

Region:

Liaoning, China

Summary:

Drought resistance characteristics of several silvicultural species have been identified and analysed in terms of growth, physiology and anatomy; complex indices are then applied to assess their ability to resist drought. The results indicate that Arborvitae and Chinese pine are the most drought resistant among the tree species; Mongolian Oak and purple blow maple are the second best Black locust is poor in comparison to other species. For shrubs, common smoke tree, common seabuckthorn and little leaf peashrub are relatively drought-resistant, while shrubby labseindigo is shows relatively poor drought resistance.

Authors:

Zhou Shiwei, Chen Zhili, Yin Jiefen and Yin JieDen (Forest Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry)

Title:

A test of the sheltering effect of shelterbelts on wind

Publisher:

Scientia Silvae Sinicae. 23(1)

Date:

1987

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Ed, 6Cb, 6Ed

Region:

North China

Summary:

This paper uses the results of experiments conducted in the open: and in wind tunnels to propose a new index for evaluating the effect of shelterbelts: X_i (a ratio of the average gap between tree crowns to the average height of the belts). This study has shown that X_j is useful for planning and designing shelterbelts and can also be used to judge the sheltering effect of belts growing in fields. The protective character and mechanisms of three types of belts are studied in the paper. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1) The influence range of different types of belts extends about 4 H in the vertical range and 50 H in the horizontal range. The distance where wind speed reductions are still at least 20 percent occurs 18.5 H behind belts with a permeability of 35 percent. The value of wind speed in the lee of belts is closely related with turbulence (r =.94). 2) X_j is a important index for expressing the effect of the belts on air flow as well as permeability. The optimum X' for each row in the belts having one row and eight rows is given in the paper.

Authors:

Zhou Shiwei, Qi jianzhong and Ma Baolin (The Research Institute of Forestry, CAP)

Title:

The conserving effect of aerial-seeded vegetation on the moving sand dune chains in Yulin area of Mu Us Desert

Publisher:

Forest Research. 2(1):101-108

Date:

1989

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

6Cb, 6Cd

Region:

Mu Us Sandy Land, China

Summary:

Measurements of synchronous and relative values of wind velocity were calculated with 56 probes at four levels in aerial-seeded land and moving dunes in the Yulin area of Mu Us Desert in 1988. The results showed remarkable conservation benefits from aerial-seeded Hedysarum mongolica Turcz. and Hedysarum scoparium Fisch et Mey, especially that of H. mongolica. The former vegetation belt was widened from 24 m to 35 m because of germination of the subterraneous stem. The rate of survival area increased from 17.7 percent to more than 60 percent ten years later and the land changed to stabilized sand land. Slopes of reformed dunes became smaller, and their length, longer; heights were lowered and the tops of dunes projected forward in a tongue shape. The land between dunes became smaller. Changes of topographic features of aerial-seeded land also occurred. Wind velocity was reduced horizontally and vertically. Although the moving dune was protected for ten years, it was still without vegetation on slope and continued moving forward. Thus, aerial seeding in the farther place and artificial seeding in the near place are considered to be good methods to control the dunes. It should be promoted in the future.

Authors:

Zhou Xingjia (Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Biology and Desert Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wulumuqi)

Title:

Desertification disasters and control countermeasures in the oases of Xinjiang

Publisher:

Journal of Natural Disasters. 3(4): 77-85

Date:

1993

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Ea, 3Aa, 4Ab, 6Aa

Region:

Xinjiang, China

Summary:

Wind and sand movement occur frequently between March and June. The pattern of desert drift close to oases increases; wind and sand movement endangers oases in the leeward direction. Serious wind and sand disasters have occurred in the following oases: Mosuowan Oases, Jinghe and Aibi Lake Regions, Oases of Kashgar Region, Oases of Hetian Region and oases distributed in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. There is a trend toward more frequent wind and sand disasters in the oases of Xinjiang. Desertificated land is continuously expanding on the periphery of oases and in the lower reaches of rivers. Wind and sand disasters seldom occurs in the hinterland of irrigation oases, especially in the large-scale oases. Wind below force six usually do not cause wind and sand disasters. Although most oases are able to prevent damage from outburst gales and duststorm above force eight to nine, endangerment still exists. The desert vegetation on the periphery of oases is being reduced and desertificated land is expanding. The main factors that induce wind and sand disasters and related control measures are as follows. In Xinjiang many rivers' water supplies in the lower reaches have been cut off. To counter this tendency, Xinjiang has started to plan works on major river valleys. An emergency water-infusion project has been carried out in the Tarim River. Oil and natural gas exploitation in desert areas and the construction of wind power stations in pastoral areas lightens artificial pressure on desert vegetation and helps protect desert vegetation in the periphery of oases.

Author:

Zhou Zhigang (Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093)

Title:

Study on the ecology of algae in surface crust of deserts

Publisher:

Acta Ecological Sinica. 15(4):381 -389

Date:

1995

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Ec, 6Ec

Region:

Ningxia, China

Summary

Soil algae in surface crusts of deserts in Shapotou were identified and studied over a ten-month period (from May 1991 to February 1992). The result showed that five genera of Cyanophyta, six genera of Chlorophyta and two genera of Bacillariophyta occurred at the study site. The average algae biomass in soil was 8.117 (104 cells/g dry soil). Physical and chemical properties of the soil crust were analysed, which included pH, water-soluble cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca⁺, Mg⁺), moisture, electric conductivity, exchangeable salts, phosphorus, organic matter and Kjeldahl nitrogen. Applying these properties and three climatic factors (i.e. air and soil temperature, precipitation) as independent variables, the correlation coefficient between each of them and biomass was calculated. Algae biomass was significantly influenced by exchangeable salts (r=0.584). A multiple regression equation was obtained; algae biomass was also significantly influenced by water-soluble Mg⁺ and precipitation (R²=0.79)

Author:

Zhu Jinwei, Wang Weihua and Fan Shixiang (Institute Of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica. Shenyana 110015)

Title:

Water balance in forestbelts and grassland

Publisher:

Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology. 3(1)

Date:

1992

Language:

Chinese

Classification:

2Eb, 6Cd

Region:

North China

Summary:

Variation regularities of various components of water balance in forestbelt, grassland and bare land is analysed in terms of water balance. The distribution production proportions of various components of water balance in forestbelts, grassland and bare land are: 1) all precipitation is 100 percent; 2) evapo-transpiration is 96.4 percent, 95.7 percent and 89.5 percent for forestbelts, grassland and bare land respectively; 3) slope runoff is 3.6 percent, 4.3 percent and 10.5 percent for forestbelt, grassland and bare land. respectively. Since the forestbelt consists of canopy and forest, water balance components of each and their variation regularity were analysed. The effect of forestbelts on river runoff is discussed.