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Table 1 - Selected basic statistics for Asia-Pacific countries

Table 2 - Selected forest, cropland and urbanization statistics for Asia-Pacific countries

Table 3 - Two Forestry Production Systems

	State Forestry	Community Forestry, Tree Husbandry and Farm Forestry
Objectives	One dimensional, raw material for industry, protection.	Multipurpose and socio- economic objectives. Related to the consumer & producer. Self-reliance.
Technology	Imported, centralized, precedence over local technologies. Uniform and strictly adhered to	Varies. Indigenous, locally manageable. Imported technology must suit resources and needs.
Local Institutions	Unimportant as long as no encroachment.	Important. Used and supported as a resource.
Peoples Participation	Insignificant. People are target groups and consumers to be motivated, uplifted and/or employed.	A requirement for relevant production. People are a resource, an asset to be supported. Involvement and responsibility.
Role of People versus Experts	People are the problem experts the solution.	People are the solution and a resource. Experts support their development.
Local Solutions	Uniform	Diverse
Land	Government	Communal. Village, private.
Labour	Employed	Employed in the local system or self-employed.
Organization	Centralized "work order" system	Local, village production unit (e.g.. extended family).
Professional role	Segmentation	Integration with other farming activities.
Structure and Magnitude	Few large plantations with uniform management	A large number of small areas with diverse input requirements and production.
Legislation	Protective	Productive
Time Perspective	Long Term	Short term, or limited resources for delayed benefits.
Relation to other activities	Separate	Integrated in space and time in the small farmers' production system.

Source: Ohlsson and Byron (1989)

Table 4 - Estimates of employment in forest-based activities

Source (region)	Employment and Activity
Tewari, 1982 (India)	Tendu leaf collection provides part-time employment to 7.5 million people: a further 3 million people are employed in bidi processing; 3 million people are involved in lac (resin) production; 735,000 people earn income from sericulture; 550,000 people are employed in bamboo-based craft enterprises.
Jha & Jha, 1985 (India)	126,000 households are involved in Tassar silk cultivation.
Tandon, 1991 (India)	Match production by cottage industries employs 50.000.
Fisseha & Milimo. 1986 (Zambia)	25.000 are involved in the fuelwood trade.
Marks, 1984 (Zambia)	48,000 people are employed in charcoal production (36,000 of them are part-time charcoal producers and traders); 11,500 people are involved with bee-keeping; 96,000 households earn income from handicraft production.
Peluso, 1986 (Indonesia)	83.000 - 100,000 people are engaged in collection, trade and processing of rattan.
Engel et al., 1986 (Bo, Sierra Leone)	60% of the farm households in the region process palm fruit and kernels for sale.
Kaye. 1988 (Côte d'Ivoire)	Estimates 65,000 peopled are involved in rattan cane basketry part-time while 1,500 are involved full-time.
Schwartzmann et al., 1987 (Amazon)	Estimates that half a million peopled depend on latex as their main source of income
Browder, 1989	Estimates 1.5 million people derive a significant proportion of their income from extractive activities.

Source: Arnold (1994)

	List of Working Papers already printed
APFSOS/WP/01	Regional Study - The South Pacific
APFSOS/WP/02	Pacific Rim Demand and Supply Situation, Trends and Prospects: Implications for Forest Products Trade in the Asia-Pacific Region
APFSOS/WP/03	The Implications of the GATT Uruguay Round and other Trade Arrangements for the Asia-Pacific Forest Products Trade
APFSOS/WP/04	Status, Trends and Future Scenarios for Forest Conservation including Protected Areas in the Asia-Pacific Region
APFSOS/WP/05	In-Depth Country Study - New Zealand
APFSOS/WP/06	In-Depth Country Study - Republic of Korea
APFSOS/WP/07	Country Report - Malaysia
APFSOS/WP/08	Country Report - Union of Myanmar
APFSOS/WP/09	Challenges and Opportunities: Policy Options for the Forestry Sector in the Asia-Pacific Region

D/W7702