ABBREVIATIONS WHICH MAY BE USED

(Well-known abbreviations in general use are not included)

Ache	acetylcholinesterase
acute RfD	acute reference dose
ADI	acceptable daily intake
AFI(D)	alkali flame-ionization (detector)
ai	active ingredient
ALAT	alanine aminotransferase
ASAT	aspartate aminotransferase
BBA	Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft
bw (no stops)	body weight
CA	Chemical Abstracts
CAS	Chemical Abstracts Services
CCN	Codex Classification Number (this may refer to classification numbers for compounds or for commodities).
CCPR	Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues
ChE	cholinesterase
CNS	central nervous system
CoE	Council of Europe
cv	coefficient of variation
CXL	Codex Maximum Residue Limit (Codex MRL). See MRL.
DFG	Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
DL	racemic (optical configuration, a mixture of dextro- and laevo-)
DP	dustable powder
DS	powder for dry seed treatment
EBDC	ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate)
EC	(1) emulsifiable concentrate
	(2) electron-capture [chromatographic detector]
EC50	median effective concentration
ECD	electron-capture detector
EMDI	estimated maximum daily intake
EPA	Environmental Protection Agency
EPPO	European Plant Protection Organization
ERL	extraneous residue limit
ETU	ethylenethiourea
F1	filial generation, first
F2	filial generation, second
f.p.	freezing point
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FID	flame-ionization detector
FPD	flame-photometric detector
g (not gm)	gram
m g	microgram
GAP	good agricultural practice(s)
GC-MS	gas chromatography - mass spectrometry
GENEEC	Generic Expected Environmental Concentration Program
G.I.	gastrointestinal
GL	guideline level
GLC	gas-liquid chromatography
GLP	good laboratory practice
GPC	gel-permeation chromatograph or chromatography
GSH	glutathione
h (not hr)	hour(s)
ha	hectare
Hb	haemoglobin
hl	hectolitre
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
HPLC-MS	high-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry
i.d.	internal diameter
i.m.	intramuscular
i.p.	intraperitoneal
IPCS	International Programme on Chemical Safety
IR	infrared
IRDC	International Research and Development Corporation (Mattawan, Michigan, USA)
i.v.	intravenous
JECFA	Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives
JMPR	Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Core Assessment Group
Kads	adsorption constant
Koc	Kads referred to organic carbon content
LC	liquid chromatography
LC50	lethal concentration, 50%
LC-MS	liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry
LD50	lethal dose, median
LOAEL	lowest observed adverse effect level
LOD	limit of determination (see also "*" at the end of the Table)
LSC	liquid scintillation counting or counter
M	molar
MATC	maximum acceptable toxicant concentration
MFO	mixed function oxidase
m m	micrometre (micron)
min (no stop)	minute(s)
MLD	minimum lethal dose
mo (not mth.)	month(s)
MRL	Maximum Residue Limit. MRLs include draft MRLs and Codex MRLs(CXLs). The MRLs recommended by the JMPR on the basis of its estimates of maximum residue levels enter the Codex procedure as draft MRLs. They become Codex MRLs when they have passed through the procedure and have been adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
MS	mass spectrometry
MTD	maximum tolerated dose
n (notn)	normal (defining isomeric configuration)
NCI	National Cancer Institute (USA)
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
NOAEL	no-observed-adverse-effect level
NOEC	no-observed-effect concentration
NOEL	no-observed-effect level
NP (D)	nitrogen-phosphorus (detector)
NTE	neuropathy target esterase
OP	organophosphorus pesticide
OPP	Office of Pesticide Programs
PCV	packed cell volume
PEC	predicted environmental concentration
PHI	pre-harvest interval
ppm	parts per million. (Used only with reference to the concentration of a pesticide in an experimental diet. In all other contexts the terms mg/kg or mg/l are used).
PT	prothrombin time
PTDI	provisional tolerable daily intake. (See 1994 report, Section 2.3, for explanation)
PTT	partial thromboplastin time
PTU	propylenethiourea
RBC	red blood cell
r.d.	relative density. (Formerly called specific gravity)
RfD	reference dose, as in "acute reference dose"
s.c	subcutaneous
SC	suspension concentrate (= flowable concentrate)
SD	standard deviation
SE	standard error
SG	water-soluble gralnule
SL	soluble concentrate
SP	water-soluble powder
sp./spp.	species (only after a generic name)
STMR	supervised trials median residue
t	tonne (metric ton)
T3	tri-iodothyronine
T4	thyroxine
TADI	Temporary Acceptable Daily Intake
TER	toxicity/exposure ratio
tert	tertiary (in a chemical name)
TLC	thin-layer chromatography
TMDI	theoretical maximum daily intake
TMRL	Temporary Maximum Residue Limit
TPTA	triphenyltin acetate
TPTH	triphenyltin hydroxide
TRR	total radioactive residue
TSH	thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
UDMH	1,1-dimethylhydrazine (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine)
USEPA	United States Environmental Protection Agency
USFDA	United States Food and Drug Administration
UV	ultraviolet
WG	water-dispersible granule
WIIS	Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (UK)
WHO	World Health Organization
WP	wettable powder
WTO	World Trade Organization
<	less than
£	less than or equal to
>	greater than
³	greater than or equal to
*	(following residue levels, e.g. 0.01* mg/kg): level at or about the limit of determination