|
TEMPLATE: |
|
|
VARIABLE: |
TOPC Variable Name |
|
DATA SET: |
Data set name |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
Where can the data be obtained? |
|
AUTHOR: |
Producer(s) |
|
UNITS: |
Units of measure |
|
SOURCE: |
Source of (raw) data from which it was derived (i.e., heritage) |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Spatial and temporal resolution |
|
COVERAGE: |
Spatial and temporal (i.e. period covered, if applicable) coverage (global, continental/which??) |
|
METADATA: |
Is metadata adequate (i.e., does it give enough information so that potential user can decide if it is useful for a specific purpose and has enough information to manipulate the data so that it fits other data sets, models, etc.)? This would be based on what is available on the web, unless you have your own, specialized knowledge |
|
VALIDATION: |
Has the data set been validated by producer? |
|
REVIEW: |
Has the data set been peer-reviewed or otherwise independently assessed? |
|
USE: |
Has the data set been used in published referred papers? |
|
APPLICATION: |
Has the data set been used in climate or earth system-related studies? |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
|
|
VARIABLE: |
Carbon Dioxide Flux |
|
DATASET: |
FLUXNET |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/programs/NIGEC/fluxnet |
|
AUTHOR: |
Various |
|
UNITS: |
umol/sec/m2 |
|
SOURCE: |
Eddy covariance method |
|
RESOLUTION: |
65 world wide, every 30 minutes |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global, Long-term |
|
METADATA: |
Available |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Ongoing |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
One goal will be to provide data for validation of the EOS products. In particular, data will be used to test satellite-derived products of net primary productivity. Data will also be used to test and validate soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer models that are being used in global climate and ecosystem models |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. These are scattered point measurements and thus are not globally (or regionally) comprehensive. It should be noted that flux observation is strongly affected by the local heterogeneity of the land surface and the local circulation in the planetary boundary layer |
|
VARIABLE: |
Carbon Dioxide Flux |
|
DATASET: |
Monthly Exchange with Natural Ecosystems (e.g., vegetation and soils) |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data/co2fung |
|
AUTHOR: |
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies |
|
UNITS: |
1013 kg C/m2/s |
|
SOURCE: |
AVHRR |
|
RESOLUTION: |
4x5 degree monthly mean |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global, climatology |
|
METADATA: |
Fung, I., C.J. Tucker, and K.C. Prentice. 1987. Application of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer vegetation index to study atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2. J. Geophys. Res. 92: 2999-3015 |
|
VALIDATION: |
Measurement of turbulent fluxes (FLUXNET), carbon transport model and atmospheric carbon concentration |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
|
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
The monthly fluxes of CO2 thus obtained are employed as source/sink functions in a global three-dimensional atmospheric trace transport model to simulate the annual oscillations of CO2 in the atmosphere |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. It should be kept in mind that this data is based upon satellite remote sensing and needs extensive validation through ground-based observation and models |
|
VARIABLE: |
Digital Atlas of the World Water Balance |
|
DATA SET: |
Digital Atlas of the World Water Balance, Version 1.0, using ArcView Version 3.0 Geographic Information System. The Atlas contains five types of data: precipitation, temperature, radiation, runoff and political boundaries. Precipitation, temperature and net radiation have been used to generate evaporation and soil water surplus, which is partitioned into surface and groundwater flow. On each grid cell is presented the mean monthly and mean annual values of each variable in ArcView shapefiles. Mean monthly and mean annual runoff data at 160 stations from GRDC are also given |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment/atlas/atlas.htm |
|
AUTHOR: |
Maidment, David R., S. M. Reed, S. Akmansoy, D. C. McKinney, F. Olivera and Z.Ye. Center for Research in Water Resources, University of Texas, Austin |
|
UNITS: |
Various |
|
SOURCE: |
Various |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Temporal - monthly; Spatial - 0.5 degree mesh |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance. Data set is based on historic data rather than an ongoing measurement program |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
CD-ROM from the Center for Research in Water Resources of the University of Texas at Austin |
|
VARIABLE: |
Evapotranspiration |
|
DATASET: |
GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment/Asian Automated Weather Station Network (GAME/AAN) |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.suiri.tsukuba.ac.jp/Project/aan/aan.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Various |
|
UNITS: |
W/m2 |
|
SOURCE: |
Various methods |
|
RESOLUTION: |
10 sites in Asia region |
|
COVERAGE: |
Asia region, planning the long-term observation |
|
METADATA: |
Will be available on the WEB |
|
VALIDATION: |
Unknown |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
|
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Used for SVAT model validation |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. It should be noted that flux observation is strongly affected by the local heterogeneity of the land surface and the local circulation in the planetary boundary layer. Soil moisture, radiation, sensible heat flux, and other meteorological fields are also observed |
|
VARIABLE: |
Evapotranspiration |
|
DATASET: |
FLUXNET |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/programs/NIGEC/fluxnet |
|
AUTHOR: |
Various |
|
UNITS: |
W/m2 |
|
SOURCE: |
Eddy covariance method |
|
RESOLUTION: |
65 world wide, every 30 minutes |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global, Long-term (but these are point measurements) |
|
METADATA: |
Adequate - available on the WEB |
|
VALIDATION: |
Ongoing |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
|
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Will be used |
|
APPLICATION: |
Will be used |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. These are scattered point measurements and are thus not globally (or even regionally) comprehensive. It should be noted that flux observation is strongly affected by the local heterogeneity of the land surface and the local circulation in the planetary boundary layer |
|
VARIABLE: |
Evapotranspiration |
|
DATASET: |
Global Soil Wetness Project |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://climate3.ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~nishi/gswp-icc |
|
AUTHOR: |
CCSR/University of Tokyo |
|
UNITS: |
W/m2 |
|
SOURCE: |
Land surface model output intercomparison |
|
RESOLUTION: |
1x1 degree, 10-day mean |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global, 1987 and 1988 |
|
METADATA: |
Adequate - available on the WEB |
|
VALIDATION: |
Will be available on the WEB |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
|
|
USE in refereed papers: |
SWP special issue of Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan will be published in early 1999 |
|
APPLICATION: |
Used as the boundary condition for the GCM for seasonal prediction experiments |
|
RECOMMENDATION |
Qualified acceptance. The coverage is globally comprehensive, but all products are derived from SVAT models. The models are forced with realistic precipitation and radiation. There are significant differences among the models, leading to a degree of uncertainty. Soil moisture of the surface and the rooting layer, skin temperature, sensible heat flux, snow depth, run-off rate, net surface radiation are also available |
|
VARIABLE: |
Glacier Length |
|
DATA SET: |
Fluctuations of Glaciers |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.geo.unizh.ch/wgms |
|
AUTHOR(S): |
World Glacier Monitoring Service VAWV, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland |
|
UNITS |
Length in km/metres |
|
SOURCE: |
National representativesRESOLUTION: |
|
N/A |
|
|
COVERAGE: |
Up to 1500 sites world-wide. Some records from late 19th centuryMETADATA: |
|
Unknown |
|
|
VALIDATION: |
Unknown |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
|
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Used in 1990 and 1995 assessments of the IPCC |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Global Hydrographic Data Set |
|
DATA SET: |
The Global Hydrographic Data Set is organised into eighteen files containing percentages of terrain type, stream frequency counts, major drainage basins, main features of the cryosphere surface, and ice/water runoff. A description can be found at several sites |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/gghydro#mark14 http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ISLSCP/islscp_i1.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Cogley, J.G., Trent University, Great Britain |
|
UNITS: |
Various |
|
SOURCE: |
Various |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Temporal - annual; Spatial - 1 degree longitude x 1 degree latitude |
|
COVERAGE: |
Entire surface of the Earth |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. This data is not being updated |
|
AVAILABLITIY: |
Fee - place orders either with USGS EROS Data Center Customer Services or with Dr. J. Graham Cogley, Trent University |
|
VARIABLE: |
Ground Water Fluxes |
|
DATA SET: |
No global or national currently available, although at least one national data set (for USA by USGS) is under development. Some regional data sets are available, e.g. for California, USA, http://well.water.ca.gov and British Columbia, Canada, http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/gws/gwis.html |
|
|
|
|
VARIABLE: |
Land Cover |
|
DATA SET: |
Global forest cover data set |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/forest/data/cdrom2/index.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Iremonger, S., C. Ravilious and T. Quinton, The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) Cambridge, UK |
|
UNITS: |
Cover type (15 types for tropical forest, 11 for temperate) |
|
SOURCE: |
Compiled from existing country maps |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Mapping scale varies from 1:10000000 (and less) to 1:250000 (and better) Mapping date variable |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global forests (includes some non-forest types) |
|
METADATA: |
Yes, data on CDROM, for use in GIS |
|
VALIDATION: |
Not applicable |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Unknown |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Land Cover |
|
DATA SET: |
Global Land Cover Characteristics Data Base |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/glcc/globdoc1_2.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Loveland, T. et al., US Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD |
|
UNITS: |
Cover type |
|
SOURCE: |
NOAA AVHRR |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Spatial resolution 1 km. Temporal resolution: daily data combined into 10-day composites |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global. April 1992 to March 1993 data were used |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Not completed (underway) |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
No |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance (subject to successful completion of the validation) |
|
VARIABLE: |
Land Cover |
|
DATA SET: |
Global land cover classification from satellite data |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ISLSCP/DATASET_DOCUMENTS/VEG_CLSS.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
DeFries, R.,and John R.G. Townshend, University of Maryland, Greenbelt, MD |
|
UNITS: |
Cover type |
|
SOURCE: |
NOAA AVHRR data |
|
RESOLUTION: |
8 km resolution of original data, averaged to 1ox1o at monthly intervals |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global coverage Satellite data represent the year 1987 |
|
METADATA |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Limited |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance (limitations noted in the metadata). |
|
VARIABLE: |
Land Cover |
|
DATA SET: |
Hydrology cover fractions |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ISLSCP/DATASET_DOCUMENTS/HYDR_CVR.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Cogley, J.G., Trent University |
|
UNITS: |
Cover type fraction (0-100%, for exposed land; freshwater lakes; swamp, marsh, other wetlands; saltwater; intermittent water bodies; glacier ice; sand dunes; salt marsh; salt flats; perennial rivers; intermittent rivers) |
|
SOURCE: |
Extracted from existing maps(100 points/1ox1o cell) |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Mapping scale for source maps 1:1,000,000. Fractions given for 1ox1o cells |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global landmass |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
No/Not applicable |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Unknown |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Leaf Area Index |
|
DATA SET: |
Total Leaf Area Index (LAI) |
|
DATAADDRESS: |
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ISLSCP/DATASET_DOCUMENTS/LAI.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Los, S. O., P. J. Sellers, Biospheric Sciences Branch |
|
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD |
|
|
UNITS: |
Total (life and dead) one-sided Leaf Area Index (ratio between leaf area and ground surface) |
|
SOURCE: |
AVHRR data processed as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) |
|
RESOLUTION: |
1ox1o |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global landmass. Temporal coverage January to December, 1987 |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
No |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Net Primary Productivity |
|
DATA SET: |
NPP Database |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www-eosdid.ornl.gov/npp/npp_home.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Jonathan Scurlock |
|
UNITS: |
Variable depending on data set |
|
SOURCE: |
Variable |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Variable |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Unknown |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Unknown |
|
USE in referred papers: |
The data has been published |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Permafrost Active Layer |
|
DATA SET: |
Active layer depth |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.geodata.soton.ac.uk/ipa |
|
AUTHOR: |
28 observers |
|
UNITS: |
Depth in cm |
|
SOURCE: |
Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring System (CALM) |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Point measurement |
|
COVERAGE: |
69 sites mostly circum -Arctic |
|
METADATA: |
Adequate |
|
VALIDATION: |
Some |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Unknown |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Plant Biomass (Above Ground) |
|
DATA SET: |
Woodlands Data |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
DeAngelis, D.L., R.H. Gardner, and H.H. Shugart. 1981. Productivity of forest ecosystems studied during the IBP: the woodlands data set, pp. 567-672. In Reichle, D.E., ed., Dynamics of Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 683p. Electronic version available at: http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/npp/ibp/ibp_des.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
DeAngelis, D. L., R. H. Gardner and H. H. Shugart |
|
UNITS: |
See below |
|
SOURCE: |
DeAngelis et al. describe the data sources and their development, all from individual investigators |
|
RESOLUTION: |
See below |
|
COVERAGE: |
Site-specific (117 sites) |
|
METADATA: |
Excellent, as provided in DeAngelis et al (1981), and at the web site |
|
VALIDATION: |
Many sites have been validated, probably many more not, but validation history is unknown |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Extensive peer-review |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Published refereed papers in the Reichle book, and in numerous publications since then |
|
APPLICATION: |
Not known by TOPC reviewer |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance. This is the type-specimen for how a biomass data base should be constructed |
| WOODLANDS BIOMASS DATA SETS AND THEIR UNITS | ||
| General Site Data | ||
|
AS |
Age of stand |
Years |
|
LAI |
Leaf area index |
Square meters/square meter |
|
BA |
Basal area |
Square meters/hectare |
|
BAI |
Basal area increment |
Square meters/hectare |
|
SH |
Stand height |
Meters |
|
SD |
Stocking density |
Stems/hectare |
|
SCA |
Standing crop, above-ground |
Grams/square meter |
|
SCB |
Standing crop, below-ground |
Grams/square meter |
|
PA |
Productivity above-ground |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
PB |
Productivity below-ground |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LAT |
Latitude |
Degrees and minutes |
|
LNG |
Longitude |
Degrees and minutes |
|
ALT |
Altitude |
Meters |
|
MAT |
Mean annual temperature |
Degrees Centigrade |
|
MAP |
Mean annual precipitation |
Millimeters |
|
MAR |
Mean annual radiation(Global) |
Calories/square centimeter/year |
|
RBA |
Radiation balance |
Calories/square centimeter/year |
|
LGS |
Length of growing season |
Days |
|
TGS |
Temperature during |
Degrees Centigrade growing season |
|
PGS |
Mean precipitation in |
Millimeters growing season |
|
RGS |
Mean radiation in growing |
Calories/square centimeter/year season (Global) |
|
RBG |
Radiation balance in |
Calories/square/year growing season |
|
SPH |
Soil pH |
pH Units |
|
DRZ |
Depth of rooting zone |
Centimeters |
| Compartment Biomass Data | ||
|
OL |
Overstory leaves |
Grams/square meter |
|
OFF |
Overstory fruits, flowers |
Grams/square meter |
|
OBR |
Overstory branches-sum |
Grams/square meter |
|
OBRB |
Overstory branches-bark |
Grams/square meter |
|
OBRW |
Overstory branches-wood |
Grams/square meter |
|
OBO |
Overstory bole sum |
Grams/square meter |
|
OBOB |
Overstory bole bark |
Grams/square meter |
|
OBOW |
Overstory bole wood |
Grams/square meter |
|
OSTD |
Overstory standing dead |
Grams/square meter |
|
OSUM |
Sum overstory |
Grams/square meter |
|
UL |
Understory leaves |
Grams/square meter |
|
UFF |
Understory fruits, flowers |
Grams/square meter |
|
UBR |
Understory branches-sum |
Grams/square meter |
|
UBRB |
Understory branches-bark |
Grams/square meter |
|
UBRW |
Understory branches-wood |
Grams/square meter |
|
UBO |
Understory bole-sum |
Grams/square meter |
|
UBOB |
Understory bole-bark |
Grams/square meter |
|
UBOW |
Understory bole-wood |
Grams/square meter |
|
USTD |
Understory standing dead |
Grams/square meter |
|
USUM |
Sum understory |
Grams/square meter |
|
HERB |
Herbaceous field |
Grams/square meter |
|
EPIP |
Epiphytes total |
Grams/square meter |
|
PSUM |
Total plants |
Grams/square meter |
|
RL |
Living roots sum |
Grams/square meter |
|
RLL |
Living roots > 5 mm |
Grams/square meter |
|
RLS |
Living roots < 5 mm |
Grams/square meter |
|
RD |
Dead roots |
Grams/square meter |
|
STO |
Soil top organic |
Grams/square meter |
|
RZ |
Rooting zone |
Grams/square meter |
|
IRZ |
Intensive rooted |
Grams/square meter |
|
ERZ |
Extensive rooted |
Grams/square meter |
|
SUBS |
Subsoil |
Grams/square meter |
|
HETR |
Heterotrophs sum |
Grams/square meter |
|
AGC |
Above-ground consumers |
Grams/square meter |
|
DCFA |
Decomposer fauna |
Grams/square meter |
|
DCFL |
Decomposer flora |
Grams/square meter |
| Compartment Flux Data | ||
|
CS |
Consumption total |
Grams/square meter |
|
CSF |
Consumption foliage total |
Grams/square meter |
|
CSO |
Consumption overstory |
Grams/square meter |
|
CSOW |
Consumption wood-overstory |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
CSUW |
Consumption wood-understory |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
CSR |
Consumption roots-total |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
CSU |
Consumption-understory |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
CSHB |
Comsumption -herbaceous |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
CSW |
Consumption wood total |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LF |
Litterfall total |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LFL |
Litterfall leaf |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LFFF |
Litterfall flower, fruit |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LFBR |
Litterfall branch |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LFBO |
Litterfall bole |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LFFR |
Litterfall frass |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LFEP |
Litterfall epiphytes |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
ATIN |
Atmospheric input |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
PRE |
Precipitation |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
DRP |
Dry particulates (dust) |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
GAF |
Gaseous fixation |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LEAC |
Leaching |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LWAS |
Leaf wash |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
STMF |
Stem flow |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
LSOL |
Leaching soil layers |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
OUTP |
Output |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
OPWI |
Output wind erosion |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
OPWA |
Output water erosion |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
OPPR |
Output percolation |
Grams/square meter/year |
|
VARIABLES: |
Atmospheric variables: Precipitation, Air temperature, Relative humidity, Incoming Shortwave Radiation, Cloud cover, Wind speed |
||
|
DATA SET: |
An observed monthly surface climate data set over global land areas for 1901-1995 |
||
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://ippc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk |
||
|
AUTHOR: |
Mark New ([email protected]) and M. Hulme ([email protected]) |
||
|
|
Climatic Research Unit, |
||
|
|
University of East Anglia |
||
|
|
Norwich, East Anglia, UK |
||
|
UNITS: |
|
||
|
|
Variable |
Dimension |
number of stations |
|
|
Precipitation |
mm month-1 |
19296 |
|
|
Wet-days |
# days |
9503 |
|
|
Mean temperature |
oC |
12092 |
|
|
Diurnal temperature range |
oC |
11319 |
|
|
Vapour Pressure |
Pascal |
4018 |
|
|
Relative humidity |
% |
4492 |
|
|
Sunshine |
% |
4040 |
|
|
Cloud cover |
% |
2611 |
|
|
Ground-frost days |
# days |
2708 |
|
|
Air frost days |
# days |
5220 |
|
|
Windspeed |
m sec-1 |
3584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
SOURCE: |
The source of the database is a measured time series of standard WMO weather stations. First, the deviation for each variable and month for the period 1901-1996 with respect to the normal period 1961-1990 is determined. These deviations are then interpolated towards the terrestrial grid. The values are empirically corrected for orography, which is defined by the topography database of NGDC [1](1995) |
||
|
RESOLUTION: |
0.5 o longitude x 0.5o latitude grid |
||
|
COVERAGE: |
Global coverage of all land masses, ocean surface is not considered |
||
|
METADATA: |
The database will be well documented. Several scientific papers are submitted and/or in press. (for example: New, M. & M. Hulme, 1997. Development of an observed monthly surface climate data set over global land areas for 1901-1995. Royal Meteorological Society. The physics of climate, Royal Society, London, 29-30 October 1997.). The underlying climatic normal database for the period 1961-1960 will be published in a forthcoming issue of the Journal of Climate |
||
|
VALIDATION: |
The interpolation method also provides a goodness of fit field. These fields show that precipitation and wind speed were the hardest variables to interpolate successfully. In addition, Latin America proved to be the region with the lowest reliability of the interpolation |
||
|
REVIEW (peer): |
The data has been submitted as one of the central IPCC databases for the third assessment report. Independent review of the database is currently performed |
||
|
USE in referred papers: |
Published referred papers are in press (Journal of Climate, Bulletin of the Royal Meteorological Society) |
||
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes, but the results are only sparsely published. The applications have been focusing on defining the climate variability through time (CRU-UEA, UK), evaluating future climate scenarios (CRU-UEA, UK), defining climate change indicators (RIVM, The Netherlands) and assessing the role of climate in food security (University of Kassel, Germany) |
||
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
||
|
LIMITATIONS: |
Limited coverage in some regions for some variables. The database is collected from ground stations, therefore the data is less valid for validating general circulation models, but the data set is tailor-made for many different applications in ecology, agronomy and biogeography |
||
|
VARIABLE: |
Snow Cover Extent |
|
DATA SET: |
Weekly Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://nic.fob4.noaa.gov/data/cddb |
|
AUTHOR(S): |
NOAA/NESDIS Washington, DC |
|
UNITS: |
Area (million sq.km) |
|
SOURCE: |
NOAA/NESDIS Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data |
|
RESOLUTION: |
89 by 89 box grid. Weekly |
|
COVERAGE: |
Northern Hemisphere land areas (1966)/1971 - present |
|
METADATA: |
Adequate |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Used in IPCC 1990 and 1995 assessments |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Spectral Vegetation Greenness Index |
|
DATA SET: |
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ISLSCP/islscp_i1.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Sietse, Tucker and Justice |
|
UNITS: |
Dimensionless |
|
SOURCE: |
AVHHR data from NOAA 9 and NOAA 11 |
|
RESOLUTION: |
1o latitude x 1o longitude |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global (monthly 1987-1988) |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
An extended data set of river discharges for validation of general circulation models |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
ftp://kosmos.agu.org/apend/96jd00932 |
|
AUTHOR: |
Perry, G.D., P.B. Duffy, N.L. Miller |
|
UNITS: |
Cubic meters/second |
|
SOURCE: |
Various |
|
RESOLUTION: |
average annual flow (single estimate; not a time series) |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global (981 rivers) |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. This data set is strictly historical; it is not being updated |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
On line from AGU ftp://kosmos.agu.org/apend/96jd00932 |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - Storage Flux |
|
DATA SET: |
Global Lake and Catchment Conservation Database. Includes remote sensing data (derived lake-surface areas and the latest satellite imagery) and conservation information (protected forests, wetlands, endemic fish species) for a selection of lakes and inland seas. |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://msslsp.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/orgs/un http://msslsp.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/orgs/un/glaccd/html/mgld.html http://msslsp.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/orgs/un/glaccd/html/rsgld.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
WCMC and the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at the University College London |
|
UNITS: |
Various |
|
SOURCE: |
Various |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Various |
|
COVERAGE: |
International (1400 large lakes). Lakes specified to be greater than 100 km2 in area |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
In process |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Prototype |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Qualified acceptance. Still in developmental stages. |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
Available on-line |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC), Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://fserv.wiz.uni-kassel.de/kww/irrisoft/hydro/grdc.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Various. The information has been compiled for use on the World Wide Web by Thomas-M.Stein ([email protected]) |
|
UNITS: |
Cubic meters per second |
|
SOURCE: |
Various, including UNESCO archives |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Point measurement (at gauging site) |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global |
|
|
Data for rivers with |
|
|
- mean annual discharge greater than 100 m3/s |
|
|
- catchment areas greater than 106 km2, or |
|
|
- river basins with more than 106 inhabitants |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Variable. Depends on the national hydrological services performing measurements. The GRDC performs plausibility tests on data it stores |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Variable |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
AVAILABLITIY: |
Access requires interaction with GRDC staff |
|
NOTE: |
A specific CD ROM product, derived from GRDC data set entitled: Streamflow Data of Major River Basins, by Soroosh Sorooshian, University of Arizona is described at : http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/ISLSCP/DATASET_DOCUMENTS/RVR_FLOW.html and is available for a fee from the GDRC |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN). A U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow Data Set for the United States for the Study of Climate Variations, 1874-1988 (USGS OFR 92-129). Note: it includes USGS Benchmark data set. |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
Defining Report and Metadata: http://wwwrvares.er.usgs.gov/hcdn_report/content.html |
|
|
Data: http://wwwrvares.er.usgs.gov/hcdn_cdrom/1st_page.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
Slack ,J.R., and J. M. Landwehr USGS, Reston, VA, 20192, USA |
|
UNITS: |
Cubic feet per second |
|
SOURCE: |
USGS archives |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Daily, monthly and annual average discharge, all based on measured discharge at site, accuracy ~5% |
|
COVERAGE: |
United States of America (1659 stations) Selection was limited to station records with minimal changes in watershed during period of record to maximize suitability for studies of climate forcing |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance. An update is currently being prepared. The data are limited to the US and territories. |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
No Cost - Online |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
Hydroclimatology Data Set |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/hydrology/wallis_hydroclimatology.html |
|
AUTHOR |
Wallis, J.R., D.Lettenmeier, and E.Woods |
|
UNITS: |
Cubic feet per second |
|
SOURCE: |
USGS archives |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Daily, monthly and annual discharge |
|
COVERAGE: |
United States of America (1009 stations), 1948-1988 |
|
METADATA adequate: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance. Historic data, covers US |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
Available from ORNL DAAC |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
RivDis |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://pyramid.unh.edu/csrc/hydro/unescoTop.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
UNESCO river archives digitized and checked by C.J. Vörösmarty, B.M. Fekete, B.A. Tucker and the staff of the Complex Systems Research Center (CSRC) at the University of New Hampshire |
|
UNITS: |
Cubic meters per second |
|
SOURCE: |
UNESCO archives |
|
RESOLUTION: |
At gauging station site, monthly values |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global (1018 stations) |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION:. |
Full acceptance This data set is strictly historical; it is not being updated |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
Through the ORNL DAAC User Services Office: http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/daacpages/rivdis.html |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - Storage Flux |
|
DATA SET: |
Selected Characteristics of Large Reservoirs |
|
|
Map coverage and information on locations of and selected characteristics of approximately 2,700 reservoirs and controlled natural lakes that have normal capacities of at least 5,000 acre-feet or maximum capacities of at least 25,000 acre-feet and that were completed as of January 1, 1988; includes information on their control structures |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?reservoir |
|
AUTHOR: |
Ruddy, B.C. and K.J. Hitt |
|
UNITS: |
Various |
|
SOURCE: |
Various, primarily U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Various |
|
COVERAGE: |
United States of America and Puerto Rico (2700 reservoirs and controlled lakes) |
|
METADATA adequate: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Yes |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance These are baseline data, not a time series |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
Available on-line |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
USGS National Data Set |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
Historical data available at: http://h2o-nwisw.er.usgs.gov/nwis-w/US. Real time data set available at: http://water.usgs.gov/public/realtime.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
USGS monitoring staff |
|
UNITS: |
Cubic feet per second |
|
SOURCE: |
USGS monitoring program |
|
RESOLUTION: |
At gauging site -- Historical data - daily average flow; real time data -- instantaneous flow |
|
COVERAGE: |
United States of America |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Internal agency standards |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
Yes |
|
APPLICATION: |
Extensive |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance. These data are continually updated. They cover the US and territories. |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
No cost - Online |
|
VARIABLE: |
Surface Water - River Discharge |
|
DATA SET: |
WHYCOS data base |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.wmo.ch/web/design2/homs/whycos.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
|
|
UNITS: |
|
|
SOURCE: |
|
|
RESOLUTION: |
Point measurements |
|
COVERAGE: |
|
|
METADATA: |
|
|
VALIDATION: |
|
|
REVIEW (peer): |
|
|
USE in refereed papers: |
|
|
APPLICATION: |
|
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
No. Very promising, but still in early stages of development. |
|
AVAILABILITY: |
Being implemented |
|
VARIABLE: |
Topography |
|
DATA SET: |
GLOBE Version 0.5 |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/fliers/se-1106.html |
|
AUTHOR: |
David Hastings (contact), National Geophysical Data Center and World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics Boulder, Colorado, USA |
|
UNITS: |
Elevation in metres |
|
SOURCE: |
National Imagery and Mapping Agency’s Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) |
|
RESOLUTION: |
3 arc-seconds in latitude and longitude |
|
COVERAGE: |
About 60% of global landmass covered so far |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Unknown to TOPC reviewer |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Unknown to TOPC reviewer |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown to TOPC reviewer |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Topography |
|
DATA SET: |
National Geophysical Data Center TerrainBase Global DTM Version 1.0 |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/globsys/globe.html/ |
|
AUTHOR: |
Lee, W. R., III and David Hastings, National Geophysical Data Center and World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, Colorado, USA |
|
UNITS: |
Elevation in metres |
|
SOURCE: |
Extracted from existing maps and digital data sets |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Resampled to 5 minute x 5 minute cells |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global landmass and oceans |
|
METADATA: |
Yes |
|
VALIDATION: |
Yes (known errors highlighted) |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Yes |
|
USE in referred papers: |
Unknown to TOPC reviewer |
|
APPLICATION: |
Unknown to TOPC reviewer |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
Full acceptance |
|
VARIABLE: |
Wildfire Distribution |
|
DATA SET: |
IGBP-DIS Global Fire Product |
|
DATA ADDRESS: |
http://www.mtv.sai.jrc.it/projects/fire/gfp |
|
AUTHOR: |
Joint Research Centre, Space Applications Institute, Monitoring of Tropical Vegetation Unit, Ispra, Italy; International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Data and Information Systems (IGBP-DIS), The Fire Working Group; and, Earth Observation Sciences, Ltd., UK |
|
UNITS: |
(1) Daily global fire position tables and (2) Raster fire counts on 0.5° X 0.5° latitude-longitude grids over both 1 and 10-day periods. These rasters will also include cloud and no-data information |
|
SOURCE: |
IGBP-DIS 1 km AVHRR product, treated with two-stage hierarchical fire detection algorithm, after masking out clouds, water bodies, and other non-fire areas |
|
RESOLUTION: |
Fire position tables daily at 1 km, raster fire counts daily and 10-daily at on 0.5° X 0.5° latitude-longitude (this latter resolution not yet confirmed, 5/21/98) |
|
COVERAGE: |
Global vegetation derived from daily satellite observations over the period from April 1992 to December 1993 |
|
METADATA: |
Web site metadata are adequate |
|
VALIDATION: |
Validation planned for specific (+ realistic?) sites where ancillary data will be taken upon detection of fire signature |
|
REVIEW (peer): |
Data has undergone beta testing by unidentified fire researchers |
|
USE in refereed papers: |
None to date, 5/21/98 |
|
APPLICATION: |
None to date, 5/21/98 |
|
RECOMMENDATION: |
When the data becomes available for examination (it was planned for July, 1997, then, for December, 1997 but is not available to date, although the Web site indicates that all 21 months of data have been extracted and derived), it should be accepted by GTOS subject to the products being validated. In the meantime, it should be listed and described, with a clear notification that the data have not yet been seen[2] |
|
[1] National Geophysical Data
Center, 1988 10-minute topography data base Computer tape, NOAA, US Department
of Commerce Boulder, USA [2] National Geophysical Data Center, 1988. 10-minute topography data base. Computer tape, NOAA, US Department of Commerce Boulder, USA |
