edited by
Clark Gibson, Margaret A. McKean
and Elinor Ostrom
Reprinted 1999, 2000
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
encourages the dissemination of the material contained in this publication,
provided that reference is made to the source.
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© FAO 1998
Chapter 1 - Explaining
Deforestation: The Role of Local Institutions
By Clark Gibson, Margaret A. McKean,
and Elinor Ostrom
Forests, goods, rights, and owners
Why micro and comparative analyses are Important: Variation at local levels
Why micro and comparative analyses are important: Variation in self-governance
Chapter 2 - Common
Property: What Is It, What Is It Good For, and What Makes It Work?
by Margaret A. McKean
Advantages of common-property regimes
Indivisibility
Uncertainty in location of productive zones
Productive efficiency via internalizing externalities
Administrative efficiency
Chapter 3 - Group
Size and Successful Collective Action: A Case Study of Forest Management Institutions
in the Indian Himalayas
by Arun Agrawal
Appendix 3.1: Changes in the Van Panchayat Act between 1931 and 1976
Chapter 4 -
Successful Forest Management: The Importance of Security of Tenure and Rule
Enforcement in Ugandan Forests
by Abwoll Y. Banana and William Gombya-Ssembajjwe
Level of consumptive utilization
Chapter 5 -
Social Norms and Human Foraging: An Investigation into the Spatial Distribution
of Shorea robusta in Nepal
by Charles M. Schweik
Study site and data collection process
A proposed "species-density" model
The dependent variable: A measure of species abundance
The independent variables: Factors that influence the location of Shorea robusta growthStatistical methods and results
MLE assumption 1: Identification of the natural distribution of the Shorea robusta species using a reference forest
MLE assumption 2: Identifying the model's correct functional form
Statistical results
Chapter 6 -
The Lack of Institutional Supply: Why a Strong Local Community in Western
Ecuador Fails to Protect its Forest
by C. Dustin Becker and Clark C. Gibson
Natural resource management and the local level
The social and physical assets of Loma Alta
Loma Alta's "protective forest"
Users, user rules, and use-patterns
Incentives of user groups and the lack of institutional supply
Chapter 7 -
Indigenous Forest Management in the Bolivian Amazon: Lessons from the Yuracaré
People
by C. Dustin Becker and Rosario Leon
Historical and ecological setting
Themes, definitions, null hypotheses, and corollaries
Methodological details and a reference forest
Forest management institutions created by the Yuracaré
Yuracaré language and forest management
Variation in forest condition
Chapter 8 -
Coping with Changes in Population and Forest Resources: Institutional Mediation
in the Middle Hills of Nepal
by George Varughese
Population and the environment
A study of 18 cases in the Middle Hills of Nepal
Appendix I -
IFRI Research Strategy
by Elinor Ostrom and Mary Beth Wertime
Alternative approaches to solving the problem
Goals/outcomes: Addressing knowledge and information gaps and building assessment capacities
Goal: Addressing knowledge gaps
Goal: Addressing information gaps
Goal: Building capacity for assessment
Operational methods of IFRI research program
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Figure 1.1: The IAD framework relating multiple factors affecting local ecosystems
Table 2.1: Type of good, by physical characteristics
Table 2.2: Stock and flow attributes of property-rights regimes
Figure 3.1: Forests in the hill subsistence economy
Table 3.1: Basic statistics on the five Dhauladevi van panchayats
Table 3.2: Basic institutional information on van panchayats
Table 3.3: Tree biomass and diversity in investigated cases
Table 4.1: Number of sample plots with evidence of Illegal consumptive disturbance (N=30 per forest)
Table 4.2: Summary of data collected for trees in plot samples of the pilot study forests
Map 5.1: Forest plot locations within the Shaktikhor area
Figure 5.1: The species density model
Table 5.3: Negative binomial coefficients for number of Shores robusta trees in forest plots
Map 6.2: Loma Alta comuna and its bosque protector
Table 6.2: Diversity and density of trees (DBH > 10 cm) In Loma Alta's fog forest, Ecuador
Figure 7.1: Location of Yuracaré territory, settlements, and forests on the Rio Chapare, Bolivia
Figure 7.2: Social and ecological factors that influence forest condition
Table 7.2: Framework of Yuracaré forest institutions
Figure 7.3: Proportion of different natural resources with Yuracaré and Spanish names.
Figure 7.4 : People-forest relationship map made by Yuracaré living in Missiones.
Figure 7.6: Linear regression of mean DBH on regeneration.
Map 8.1: Eighteen locations in districts visited for IFRI studies
Table 8.1: Descriptive statistics for 18 sites
Table 8.2: Preliminary comparisons of population growth with forest condition
Table 8.3: Association of population growth with forest condition
Table 8.4: Preliminary comparisons of forest condition with collective activity
Table 8.5: Association of level of collective activity with forest condition
Table 8.6: Cases selected for discussion
Table 8.7: Some institutional characteristics of select cases