Myanmar

Table 84 - Myanmar - Forest Cover

Land Category	Area (Km2)	Percent
Closed forests	293,269	43.34
Degraded forests	50,968	7.53
Forests affected by shifting cultivation	154,389	22.82
Water bodies	13,327	2.01
Non-forest	164,600	24.30
Total	676,553	100.00

Source: Forestry Fact sheet, 1993 in APFSOS/WP/08.

Table 85 - Myanmar - Forest Area by Types of Forests

No	Types of Forests	Area (Hectares)	%
1.	Tidal, beach and dune and swamp forests	1,376,900	4
2.	Tropical evergreen forests	5,507,800	16
3.	Mixed deciduous forests	13,425,300	39
4.	Dry Forests	3,442,400	10
5.	Deciduous dipterocarp forest	1,721,200	5
6.	Hill and temperate evergreen forest	8,950,100	26
	Total	34,423,700	100

Source: Kyaw Tint (1995) in APFSOS/WP/08

Table 86 - Myanmar - Forest

Type of vegetation	Productive forest ('000 ha)	Unproductive forest (' 000 ha)	Total ('000 ha)
Closed broad- leafed	20,655	11,908	32,563
Mangrove	382	403	785
Bamboo	963	-	963
Conifers	113	-	113
Total	22,113	12,311	34,424

Source: Kyaw Tint (1995) in APFSOS/WP/08

Table 87 - Myanmar - Volume of Growing Stock of Timber

Type of Vegetation	productive forest		Unproductive forest		Grand total
	Total (mil. m3)	m'/ha	Total (mil. m3)	m3/ha	mil. m3
Closed broad-leaved	1,859	90.0	357	30	2,216
Mangrove	12	30.6	4	10	16
Conifers	16	141.6	-	-	16
Total	1,887		361		2,248

Source: Kyaw Tint (1995) in APFSOS/WP/08

Table 88 - Myanmar - Forest Plantations By Year and Species (Hectares)

Year	Species						Total
	Teak	Yyinkado	Padauk	Pine	Eucalyptus	Other
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1896-1941	36930	1279	51	0	0	8907	47167
1948-1962	1230	0	0	0	0	692	1922
1963	135	289	0	20	0	297	741
1964	321	266	0	73	0	973	1633
1965	773	859	0	51	0	1033	2716
1966	736	557	0	47	0	1113	2453
1967	1206	1101	0	902	0	269	3478
1968	1609	887	0	572	12	706	3786
1969	1188	619	0	446	30	596	2879
1970	1328	648	0	12	253	968	3209
1971	1021	602	0	36	399	714	2772
1972	745	320	0	0	1429	656	3150
1973	887	619	0	0	1041	176	2723
1974	859	62	0	0	1645	0	2566
1975	913	267	0	0	1864	30	3074
1976	1024	486	0	0	1615	0	3125
1977	1435	611	0	0	1554	21	3621
1978	1785	466	0	0	2053	0	4304
1979	2592	576	40	0	3523	0	6731
1980	6201	1205	364	202	162	5361	13495
1981	8693	1786	469	422	243	5634	17247
1982	10508	2635	772	533	445	7612	22235
1983	11826	2199	1235	324	567	11460	27611
1984	11799	3775	968	770	1055	12449	30816
1985	10839	5598	935	1194	2654	15121	36341
1986	10975	5433	769	1032	2873	11864	32946
1987	11554	2450	1174	1174	3440	12516	32308
1988	11540	2200	1153	223	3845	10955	29916
1989	10136	747	809	465	1578	4994	18729
1990	14745	2009	1275	283	2570	9816	30698
1991	14718	1658	1434	405	2772	10049	31036
1992	13903	2125	692	607	3197	11062	31586
1993	10771	1295	727	607	3244	14366	31010
1994	4709	1088	212	506	890	15421	22826
1995	9207	1618	324	587	2651	18051	32438
Total	228841	48065	13403	11493	47604	193882	543288
	(42.1%)	(8.8%)	(2.2%)	(2.2%)	(8.8%)	(35.7%)	(100%)

Source: Forestry Fact Sheet, 1996 in APFSOS/WP/08

Table 89 - Myanmar - Forest Plantations By Year and Type (Hectares)

Year	Type of Plantation				Total
	Commercial	Village Supply	Industrial	Watershed
1	2	3	4	5	6
1896-1941	38260	8907	0	0	47167
1948-1962	1230	692	0	0	1922
1963	444	297	0	0	741
1964	808	790	35	0	1633
1965	1749	944	23	0	2716
1966	1651	796	6	0	2453
1967	2557	876	45	0	3478
1968	3035	711	40	0	3786
1969	2112	716	51	0	2879
1970	1930	1234	45	0	3209
1971	1634	1103	35	0	2772
1972	1053	2055	42	0	3150
1973	1506	1185	32	0	2723
1974	921	1612	33	0	2566
1975	1180	1870	24	0	3074
1976	1510	1591	24	0	3125
1977	2047	1534	40	0	3621
1978	2251	2033	20	0	4304
1979	3208	3252	210	61	6731
1980	8405	4409	228	453	13495
1981	11493	3654	283	1817	17247
1982	14665	3491	526	3553	22235
1983	16303	6235	769	4304	27611
1984	18516	6907	1433	3960	30816
1985	18626	10711	2776	4228	36341
1986	18917	7968	3446	2615	32946
1987	17322	6730	5540	2716	32308
1988	16382	5799	4958	2777	29916
1989	13812	1304	2448	1165	18729
1990	18312	6006	4573	1807	30698
1991	18254	7268	3906	1608	31036
1992	17335	7891	4128	2232	31586
1993	13405	11198	3244	3163	31010
1994	6515	12780	890	2641	22826
1995	11736	13800	2853	4049	32438
Total	309084	148349	42706	43149	543288
	(56.9%)	(27.3%)	(7.9%)	(7.9%)	(100%)

Source: Forestry Fact Sheet, 1996 in APFSOS/WP/08

Table 90 - Myanmar - Forestry Export Compared to Other Products

No.	Type of commodity	1990-91		1991-92		1992-93		1993-94
		Ks (million)	%	Ks (million)	%	Ks (million)	%	Ks (million)	%
1.	Agriculture products	942.4* (160.0)	32	1010.7 (171.6)	34	1299.2 (220.6)	36	1357.8 (230.5)	32
2.	Animal and marine products	169.4 (28.8)	6	160.5 (27.2)	5	261.2 (44.3)	7	373.2 (63.4)	9
3.	Forest Products	1131.4 (192.1)	38	943.3 (160.2)	32	1120.4 (190.2)	31	1356.7 (230.3)	32
4.	Minerals and Gems	172.5 (29.3)	6	111.3 (18.9)	4	154.9 (26.3)	4	364.4 (61.9)	9
5.	Others	546.2 (92.7)	18	706.0 (119.9)	25	819.7 (139.2)	22	775.7 (131.7)	18
	Total Domestic Export	2961.9 (502.9)	100	2931.8 (497.8)	100	3655.4 (620.6)	100	4227.8 (717.8)	100

Source: Forestry Fact sheet, 1996 in APFSOS/WP/08.

* Figures in parenthesis show US$ equivalent in millions converted at 1994-1995 exchange rate of 1US$ = kyats 5.98

Table 91 - Myanmar - Export Earning Of Forest Products By Mte 1988-89 To 1995-96

Sr. No.	Particulars Regular	1988-89		1989-90		1990-91		1991-92		1992-93		1993-94		1994-95		1995-96
		Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value
1	Teak logs	231787.66	98.8968	199352	87.0577	328396	72.0238	76123.7	29.8245	206059	64.5891	209951	82.02	212324	138.862	1E+05	63.16
2	Teak lumber	33251	17.8455	54709	35.1603	18636.2	24.0992	39338	24.455	45853.9	26.8404	36198.9	21.6061	33122.1	20.0759	31375	11.8
3	Hardwood logs	146479	16.9071	39085.4	4.8983	31425.1	3.7832	19085	2.1031	53395.1	5.6789	111942	12.4718	109760	13.5907	8997	1.2
4	Hardwood lumber	886.353	0.4893	191.147	0.2744	143.006	0.0515	110.44	0.0346	332.737	0.0757	1469.7	0.3161	2707.2	0.4866	1579	0.2
5	ply wood	910526	1.0895	633300	0.9246	187233	0.2898			180781	0.3513	230587	0.3178	335652	0.411	77522	0.04
6	veneer	9378.9	0.2638	9258.63	0.0939					806.44	0.0014		0.028	108218	0.1204	65276	0.01
7	larm parquet				0.3034		0.2487	260.526	0.1851	220.88	0.7784	300.171	1.1059	172.382	0.6754	627	0.63
8	Parquet				0.3108		0.2815	185.483	0.3008	811.311	0.2311	1119.17	0.3358	784.409	0.3124	1007	0.07
9	furniture		0.6309		0.1572		0.0214		0.0107		0.0029				0.1905		0.01
10	finger joints & others				0.1284			67.9632	0.0699	182.651	0.2153	825.47	0.4659	4016.91	1.2674	2229	1.54
11	Others		0.8182		17.3059		17.3886		30.0375		33.7407		10.5868		14.1613		113.5
	Border Trade
1	Teak logs	24251.3	2.3747	115386	13.2504	231281	27.1662	1 -'9297	26.5594	88995.4	13.0823	132386	17.8357	15790.9	2.8818
2	Hardwood logs	39991.8	1.2462	212699	10.0839	195888	9.9295	142583	7.7555	171100	8.2672	122961	6.7338	36850.9	4.0263
3	Others								0.9463		2.3608		3.0922		1.4494
	Border Trade Total		3.6056		23.3343		37.0958		35.2613		23.7647		27.6616		8.35755
	Grand Total		140.5604		169.78		155.349		122.327		156.27		156.916		198.511		192.8

* Source - MTE, in APFSOS/WP/08
Value Converted to US$ at 1994-95 Exchange rate of 1 US$ = Kyats 5.89

Table 92 - Myanmar - Production of teak and other hardwoods from 1988-89 to 1994-95 (in -1000m³

Fiscal year	Teak		Other hardwoods		Total
	logs	Sawn timber	Logs	Sawn timber	Logs	Sawn timber
1988-89	506	67	575	148	1,081	215
1989-90	594	97	735	188	1,284	285
1990-91	625	77	865	170	1,490	247
1991-92	550	82	966	168	1,516	250
1992-93	489	90	890	164	1,379	254
1993-94	470	58	1,075	167	1,545	225
1994-95	358	64	744	255	1,102	319

Source - Statistical Yearbook, 1995 CSO in APFSOS/WP/08

Table 93 - Myanmar - Domestic Sale Of Timber And Other Products By Mte 1988-89 to 1995-96

Sr. No.	Particulars Regular	1988-89		1989-90		1990-91		1991-92		1992-93		1993-94		1994-95		1995-96
		Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value	Qty	Value
1	Teak lumber		9.0946		14.8829		19.4408		22.4934		38.1481		53.96146		33.837		31.1925
2	Hardwood lumber		19.4087		36.1372		30.3822		53.8703		95.6598		109.7849		134.2526		156.998
3	Teak log		0.6324		0.2565		0.2725		0.3508		0.7638		1.5019		1.16638		4.4115
4	Hardwood log		1.2846		1.6117		0.8672		2.65398		2.5973		3.7891		6.472		34.6085
5	ply wood		3.9457		14.7345		9.992		20.4419		17.6572		12.1172		13.4686		16.2997
6	furniture		1.7975		3.2088		3.0577		7.0433		9.5846		8.3022		8.7487		7.5053
7	Teak butt ends		0.0481		0.8953		0.4737		2.0863		2.247		1.1172		0.9898		1.0638
8	Hardwood bull ends		0.1134		0.7345				0.9715		1.6723		1.7022		1.438		2.2705
9	Parquet		0.4346		0.5311		0.8022		1.4154		2.0402		2.1706		1.2105		0.7272
10	larm parquet								0.2795		0.0112		0.9664		0.5569		0.546
11	plywood local sales		0.9489				5.0825		9.5652		6.1358		2.766		0.9508		0.921
12	Others		0.7522		1.0807		0.6272		1.0404		9.4005		10.5473		10.0703		18.33
	Source - MTE
	Total		38.1303		74.166		71.3823		132.1316		188.436		208.2528		213.29		274.869

* Source - MTE, in APFSOS/WP/08
Value Convened to US$ at 1994 - 95 exchange rate 1 US$ = Kyats 5.89

Table 94 - Myanmar - Production Of Minor Forest Produce 1988 - 89 to 1994 - 95

Sr. No.	Description	Unit	1988-89	1989-90	1990-91	1991 -92	1992-93	1993-94	1994-95
1	Bamboo	million nos.	878	933	939	962	940	919	946
2	Rattan	million nos.	57	75	75	92	81	81	73
3	Cutch	Metric Ton	241	338	197	86	166	331	184
4	Bark (for tanning)	Metric Ton	307	958	779	970	1112	2537	1050
5	Shaw (fibre)	Metric Ton	380	369	418	428	431	388	398
6	Kalamet	Metric Ton	49	62	11	24	85	63	26
7	Indwe-pwenyet	Metric Ton	424	467	1104	1133	808	833	899
8	Thanaka	Metric Ton	279	428	521	496	468	493	426
	(Limonia accidissima)	Metric Ton
9	Pine resin	Metric Ton	178	411	139	385	179	11	2
10	Honey	Metric Ton	52	23	21	23	29	16	21
11	Bat guano	Metric Ton	276	214	220	279	302	240	271
12	Lac	Metric Ton	45	44	140	277	52	262	254
13	Edible bird nest	Kilogram	1665	726	679	390	992	1523	2923
14	Bee wax	Kilogram	628	1265	834	1500	924	530	1134
15	Thatch roofing sheet	million nos.	882	1090	910	933	922	927	920
16	Orchid	thousand	17	12	62	496	106	16	15
		nos.

Source - Forestry Fact Sheet, 1996, Statistical year book, 1995, in APFSOS/WP/08.

Table 95 - Myanmar - Fuelwood consumption sources 1994

Myanmar	1994
	Area	Mass	Energy
CONSUMPTION	1000 ha	kton	PJ
total wood fuels		23,058	346
POTENTIAL SUPPLY
sust. woodfuel from forest land	27,539	45,928	689
sust. woodfuel from agricultural areas	10,779	6,884	103
sust. woodfuel from other wooded lands	20,325	11,782	177
waste woodfuels from deforestation	-396	65,341	980
total potentially available woodfuels*	58,247	129,935	1,949
50% of crop processing residues	10,779	4,350	66
total potentially available biomass fuels		134,285	2,015

*Area = 89% of geographical land area in APFSOS/WP/34

Table 96(a): Myanmar - Trade in Non-Wood Forest Products from 1992 to 1996

		Export
		1092-1993	1993-1994	1994-1995	1995-1996	1996-1997
Lac, Natural Gums, Resins, etc.
	Quantity (MT)	181	366	295	200	222
	Value (000$)	110	223	183	126	142
Edible Bird Nest
	Quantity (Kg)	-	1477	2080	1379	1197
	Value (000$)	543	543	760	506	440
Bamboo
	Quantity (Million No.)	213	371	120	1128	843
	Value (000$)	128	234	79	677	582
Rattan
	Quantity (MT)	4378	1398	5428	4225	2804
	Value (000$)	2058	690	2813	2248	1601
Natural Rubber
	Quantity (MT)	-	-	20429	63285	25454
	Value (000$)	-	-	19407	63125	26659

Table 96 (b): Myanmar - Employment in the Forest Department

Particulars	Officers	Subordinate Staff	Total
Head Office	117	1,320	1,437
Special Divisions	111	2,555	2,666
States and Divisions	28	1,032	1,060
Districts	72	1,008	1,080
Township	147	8,361	8,508
Institute of Forestry	49	138	187
Total	524	14,414	14,938

Table 96 (c): Myanmar - Employment in Forest Services

Name of Department	Officer	Staff	Total
Forest Department	524	14,414	14,938
Myanmar Timber Enterprise	1,119	45,893	47,012
Dry Zone Greening Department	137	3,094	3,231
Total	1,780	63,401	65,181

Note : data provided by the Ministry of Forestry, Myanmar.