Trends of consumption (utilization)

Was it ever so that NWFP, especially the plant-based products, were used mostly by the tribal communities in Suriname, currently NWFP are being utilised by all sections of the population. The products are being used as medicines, cosmetics, spices, food, in steam and/or hotwater baths, in rituals, etc.

3.1 Non Wood Forest Products (NWFP)

In this section a case study " The marketing and economic importance of Biodiversity in Suriname" was done in 1994 by Ms. Yvette E.A. Merton. The case study focused on the use of Non-wood Forest Products on a local level as food, medicinal plants, animals and other plants. Some of the results are summarised in table 1 and 2.

Table 1. Examples of Non-wood forest Products used at a Local level

Surinam Name		Scientific name
Fruits
Kumbu	Oenocarpus bacaba
Kasju	Anacardium occidentale
Spices
Masusa	Renealmia apinia
Nengrekondrepepre	Aframomum melegueta
Medicinal herbs
Kunami	Clibadium surinamense
Neku	Longchocarpus chrysochyllus
Sneki – wiwiri	Eryngium foetidum
Isri – wiwiri	Ceropteris calomelanos
Colorants, dyestuffs
Koesoewé	Bixa orellana
Oils
Krappa-olie	Carapa procera
Hoepel-olie	Copaifera guyanensis
Walaba-olie	Eperua falcata
Maripa-olie	Miximiliana maripa
Awarra-olie	Astrocaryum segregatum
Medicinal plants
Kwasibita	Quassia amara
Jarakopie	Siparuna guyanensis

Source: 3,4,6,7 Note: non-available data

Table 2. Mammals in the diet of forest-based- communities

Family	Common name	Scientific name
Agoutidae	Paca*	Agouti paca
Bradypodidae	Three toed sloth	Bradypus tridactylus
	Two toed sloth	Choloepus didactylus
Callithricidae	Golden-handed or midas tamarin	Saguinus midas
Cebidae	Brown capuchin monkey	Cebus apella
	Common squirrel monkey	Saimiri sciureus sciureus
	White-fronted capuchin monkey	Cebus albifrons
	Guianan saki	Pithecia pithecia
	Brown bearded saki	Chiropotes satanus
	Red howler monkey*	Alouatta seniculus
	Black spider monkey	Ateles paniscus paniscus
Cervidae	Brown brocket deer*	Mazama gouazoubira
	Red brocket deer*	Mazama americana
	White-tailed deer	Odocoileus virginianus
Dasypodidae	Six-banded armadillo	Euphractus sexcinctus
	Nine-banded armadillo*	Dasypus novemcinctus
	Giant armadillo*	Priodontes giganteus
Dasyproctidae	Red rumped agouti	Dasyprocta agouti
	Red acouchy	Myoprocta acouchy
Hydrochaeridae	Capybara	Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris
Leporidae	Brazilian rabbit or tapiti	Sylvilagus brasiliensis
Tapiridae	Brazilian tapir*	Tapirus terrestris
Tayassuidae	White-lipped pecarry*	Tayassu pecari
	Collared peccary*	Tayassu tajacu

: Frequent used on a local level. Source: 4.

Note: For medicinal purposes the villagers are using about 300 spp. of the plants.

It is quite difficult to determine which are the most important non-wood forest products/species. Briefly some major uses and relative importance of non-wood forest products are given below in table 3 and 4.

Table 3. Non-wood forest products against fever and cold

Against fever	Against cold
Jarakopie (Siparuna guyanensis)	Sneki – wiwiri (Eryngium foetidum)
Sneki – wiwiri (Eryngium foetidum)	Nengrekondrepepre (Aframomum melegueta)
Kwasibita (Quassia amara)

Source: 3,6,7 Note: non-available data

Table 4. Oils and their proper use

Product	Use
Krappa-olie (Carapa procera)	Treatment for Hair
Hoepel-olie (Copaifera guyanensis)	Treatment for wounds
Walaba-olie (Eperua falcata)	Treatment for rheumatism
Awara-olie (Astrocaryum segregatum)	Treatment for hair and also as cooking oil
Maripa-olie (Miximiliana maripa)	Cooking oil

Source: 3,6,7 Note: non-available data

The supply of the products mentioned above depends on the climate season and hunting season. Presently, there are no exact numbers or statistical data of these products with the exception of the export/trade of CITES-listed wild animals.

Suriname has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of the Flora and Fauna (CITES). Trade, export, and import are only possible by obtaining special CITES permits. Suriname has been a party since 15 February 1981.

Table 5. Unofficial export/trade data for CITES-listed wildlife (1995 – 1996)

Note: Total Quota = the total of the quotas for the species traded only; Total Exports =

From recorded export endorsements; Realization = percent of the total quota

used; FOB value = based on the minimum FOB values X total exports.

Year/Type/No. of species – Genera	Total Quota		Total Exports	FOB value (US$)
1995
Birds (24)	23,225	11,241			844,178
Mammals (5)	1,275	572			109,635
Reptiles & Amphibians (13)	55,715	17,665			280,705
1996
Birds (25)	25,411	8,134				618,609
Mammals (9)	1,625	794				298,102
Reptiles & Amphibians (13)	55,715	25,894				221,997

Source: 5 Note: For more detailed information see appendix 1 & 2.