Table 1. Areas of woodlands on state land forest reserves
|
Year of declaration |
Name of forest reserve |
Area (km2) |
|
1968 |
Kasane Forest Reserve |
162.2 |
|
1980 |
Kasane Extension For.Res. |
475 |
|
1980 |
Kazuma Forest Reserve |
237.5 |
|
1980 |
Maikaelelo Forest Reserve |
625 |
|
1980 |
Sibuyu Forest Reserve |
1175 |
|
1980 |
Chobe Forest Reserve |
1880 |
|
Total |
4555 |
Source: Miller,C(1986-87)
Table 2. Share of various types in total land area, growing stock and mean annual increment
|
Biomass class |
Area |
Growing stock |
MAI |
|||
|
Km2 |
Country (%) |
Million tonnes |
Total % |
Million tonnes |
Total % |
|
|
1 Dense woodland |
33.360 |
5.7 |
237.6 |
18.6 |
3.9 |
9.5 |
|
2 Open woodland |
83.437 |
14.3 |
274.9 |
21.5 |
7.4 |
18 |
|
3 Riparian woodland |
6.297 |
1.1 |
44.9 |
3.5 |
1.4 |
3.5 |
|
Total for classes 1,2,3 |
123.094 |
21.1 |
557.3 |
43.6 |
12.6 |
31 |
|
Woodland & bushland |
197.665 |
34 |
461.8 |
36.1 |
17 |
41.7 |
|
Fringing palm woodland |
3.115 |
0.5 |
2.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
|
Bushland scrub |
106.794 |
18.3 |
151.8 |
11.9 |
6.4 |
15.7 |
|
Scrubland & bushy scrubland |
104.093 |
17.9 |
74 |
5.8 |
3.2 |
7.8 |
|
Hill woodland & shrubland |
26.583 |
4.6 |
30.3 |
2.4 |
1.5 |
0 |
|
Salt pans |
20.583 |
3.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
581.794 |
100 |
1277.4 |
100 |
40.8 |
100 |
MAI: Mean Annual Increment
Source: ETC,1987
Table 3. Estimates of the amount (‘000 tonnes) of Woodlands Exploited to Meet the Need of Three Major Uses of Communal Woodland
|
Year |
House poles |
Fuelwood |
Kraal poles |
Total |
|
1981 |
118.7 |
1187.19 |
164.3 |
1470.21 |
|
1982 |
122.9 |
1228.75 |
165 |
1516.63 |
|
1983 |
127.2 |
1271.75 |
165.8 |
1564.73 |
|
1984 |
131.6 |
1316.25 |
163.1 |
1610.98 |
|
1985 |
136.2 |
1362.32 |
151.7 |
1650.25 |
|
1986 |
141 |
1410 |
151.1 |
1702.10 |
|
1987 |
140 |
1400 |
145.6 |
1685.60 |
|
1988 |
162.2 |
1622 |
151.8 |
1936 |
|
1989 |
166 |
1660 |
158.2 |
1984.2 |
|
1990 |
142.9 |
1428 |
159.6 |
1731.16 |
|
1991 |
143.9 |
138.69 |
||
|
1992 |
127.5 |
1274 |
||
|
1993 |
131.4 |
1314 |
152.5 |
1597.9 |
Sources: ERL, 1985
Table 4. Number and Size (ha) of Plantations/Woodlots by Region and Ownership at the end of 1996
|
Agricultural |
Ownership |
|||||||
|
Region |
Government |
Community |
Others |
Total |
||||
|
Number |
Average (ha) |
Number |
Average (ha) |
Number |
Average (ha) |
Number |
Average (ha) |
|
|
Southern |
7 |
9 |
7 |
9.6 |
5 |
1.1 |
19 |
7.1 |
|
Central |
2 |
5 |
11 |
4.7 |
3 |
109.8 |
19 |
24.4 |
|
Gaborone |
4 |
12.6 |
6 |
2 |
8 |
35.7 |
18 |
19.3 |
|
Maun |
4 |
5.3 |
3 |
7.3 |
2 |
0.5 |
9 |
4.9 |
|
Francistown |
4 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
7 |
|
Western |
14 |
4.9 |
11 |
5.8 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
5.3 |
|
Total |
35 |
6.5 |
38 |
5.7 |
18 |
34.5 |
91 |
11.9 |
Source: Div. Of Forestry and Range Ecology Report, 1996
Table 5. Land Use in Botswana (km2), 1995
|
District |
State |
Tribal |
Freehold |
Total |
|
Central |
20 221 |
121 893 |
5616 |
147 730 |
|
Chobe |
16 400 |
4080 |
320 |
20 800 |
|
Ghanzi |
81 431 |
27 371 |
9108 |
117 910 |
|
Kgalagadi |
70 153 |
36 787 |
106 940 |
|
|
Kgatleng |
7960 |
7960 |
||
|
Ngamiland |
42 598 |
66 532 |
109 850 |
|
|
Kweneng |
9614 |
26 276 |
35 890 |
|
|
Southern |
2887 |
25 583 |
28 470 |
|
|
Northeast |
1870 |
3250 |
5120 |
|
|
Southeast |
645 |
1135 |
1780 |
|
|
Total |
243 304 |
319 797 |
19 429 |
582 530 |
|
41.8% |
54.9% |
3.3% |
100% |
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2000
Table 6. Rural/Urban Population Distribution
|
Year |
Percentage distribution |
Growth rate |
Overall population |
||
|
Urban |
Rural |
Urban |
Rural |
||
|
1971 |
9.6 |
90.4 |
|||
|
1981 |
18.3 |
81.7 |
11.6 |
3.7 |
4.7 |
|
1991 |
45.7 |
54.3 |
13.4 |
-0.7 |
3.5 |
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2000
Table 7. Energy Consumption in Household Sector, 1992/94
|
Fuel |
1992 |
1993 |
1994/95 |
|||
|
terrajoules |
% |
terrajoules |
% |
terrajoules |
% |
|
|
Coal |
44 |
0.2 |
47 |
0.2 |
50 |
0.2 |
|
LGP |
437 |
2.1 |
466 |
2.1 |
496 |
2.2 |
|
Paraffin |
440 |
2.1 |
462 |
2.1 |
485 |
2.2 |
|
Electricity |
393 |
1.9 |
439 |
2.0 |
528 |
2.3 |
|
Wood |
19 677 |
93.6 |
20 297 |
93.4 |
20 940 |
92.9 |
|
Solar |
30 |
0.1 |
30 |
0.1 |
31 |
0.1 |
|
Total |
21 021 |
100 |
21 741 |
100 |
22 530 |
100 |
Source: Energy Statistics (1992,1993 and 1994/95), Energy Affairs Division, MMEWA
Table 8. Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product per Capita, 1974/75-1997/98
|
Year |
GDP (million Pula) |
GDP per capita (Pula) |
||
|
GDP |
Annual growth rate |
GDP per capita |
Annual growth rate |
|
|
1974/75 |
746.0 |
86.8 |
1071.8 |
78.5 |
|
1975/76 |
887.7 |
19.0 |
1219.4 |
13.8 |
|
1976/77 |
919.2 |
3.5 |
1206.3 |
-1.1 |
|
1977/78 |
1098.2 |
19.5 |
3176.2 |
14.1 |
|
1978/79 |
1207.3 |
9.9 |
1445.9 |
5.1 |
|
1979/80 |
1379.9 |
14.3 |
1578.8 |
9.2 |
|
1980/81 |
1511.1 |
9.5 |
1651.5 |
4.6 |
|
1981/82 |
1623.8 |
7.5 |
1702.1 |
3.1 |
|
1982/83 |
1885.3 |
16.0 |
1906.3 |
11.9 |
|
1983/84 |
2101.6 |
11.5 |
2048.4 |
7.5 |
|
1984/85 |
2246.1 |
6.9 |
2113.0 |
3.2 |
|
1985/86 |
2414.8 |
7.5 |
2189.3 |
3.6 |
|
1986/87 |
2617.6 |
8.4 |
2290.1 |
4.6 |
|
1987/88 |
3001.6 |
14.7 |
2533.0 |
10.6 |
|
1988/89 |
3680.4 |
22.6 |
2992.9 |
18.2 |
|
1989/90 |
3882.7 |
5.5 |
3047.7 |
1.8 |
|
1990/91 |
4219.4 |
8.7 |
3196.7 |
4.9 |
|
1991/92 |
4484.2 |
6.3 |
3313.6 |
3.7 |
|
1992/93 |
4480.6 |
-0.1 |
3233.3 |
-2.4 |
|
1993/94 |
4667.5 |
4.2 |
3289.3 |
1.7 |
|
1994/95 |
4792.9 |
2.7 |
3298.5 |
0.3 |
|
1995/96 |
5108.3 |
6.6 |
3428.2 |
3.9 |
|
1996/97 |
5474.0 |
7.2 |
3584.0 |
4.5 |
|
1997/98 |
5928.9 |
8.3 |
3787.2 |
5.7 |
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2000
Table 9. Income by Type of Settlement, 1993/94
|
Type of settlement |
Population |
Households |
Disposable cash income |
Disposable income |
||||
|
Mean |
Median |
GINI |
Mean |
Median |
GINI |
|||
|
Urban |
316,139 |
87,419 |
1,524.5 |
734.3 |
0.548 |
1,710.1 |
808.6 |
0.539 |
|
Urban villages |
330,443 |
67,218 |
731.3 |
430.4 |
0.552 |
876.4 |
545.0 |
0.451 |
|
Rural |
704,319 |
136,973 |
441.4 |
200.0 |
0.599 |
641.2 |
416.5 |
0.414 |
|
National |
1,350,899 |
291,610 |
833.1 |
372.5 |
0.638 |
1,015.9 |
531.1 |
0.537 |
* Mean and median of disposable cash income and disposable income are in ‘ Pula’
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2000
Table 10. Demographic Indicators
|
Indicators |
1971 |
1981 |
1991 |
2001 |
2011 |
2021 |
|
Population |
596,944 |
941,027 |
1,326,796 |
1,693,970 |
2,149,833 |
2,648,195 |
|
Infant mortality rate |
97.1 |
71.0 |
48.0 |
36.0 |
27.0 |
3.1 |
|
Total fertility rate |
6.5 |
6.6 |
4.2 |
3.8 |
3.4 |
3.1 |
|
Crude birth rate |
45.3 |
48.7 |
49.3 |
|||
|
Crude death rate |
13.7 |
13.4 |
11.5 |
|||
|
Life expectancy |
55.5 |
56.5 |
65.3 |
68 |
70.7 |
73.5 |
|
Dependency ratio |
113.3 |
110.3 |
81.5 |
66.2 |
61.9 |
54 |
|
Population growth rate |
3.1 |
4.1 |
3.5 |
2.5 |
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2000
Table 11. Demographic Density/Distribution (Projections)
|
Indicators |
1991-1996 |
1996-2000 |
2000-2006 |
2006-2011 |
2011-2016 |
2016-2021 |
|
Crude birth rate (/1000) |
32.4 |
32.1 |
30.9 |
12.8 |
26.8 |
25.3 |
|
Crude death rate (/1000) |
7.7 |
6.6 |
5.7 |
5.1 |
4.7 |
4.5 |
|
Population growth rate |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
Source: Environmental Statistics, 2000
References:
Central Statistics Office 2000: Environmental Statistics
National Development Plan 8, 1997/98-2002/03
Ministry of Agriculture 1992: Agricultural Policy
Ministry of Local Government, Lands and Housing 1992: National Conservation Strategy Agency
Ministry of Commerce and Industry 1992: Wildlife and National Park Policy
Ministry of Agriculture 1992: Chobe Inventory and Management Plan
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Affairs, 2000: Study On Woodfuel/ Woody biomass Assessment around Mochudi and Bobonong.
Ministry of Agriculture, 1978: A Handbook of Basic Ecology for Range Management in Botswana
Repetto Robert 1989: Population Bulletin, Population, Resources, Environmental: An Uncertain Future, Vol. 42.No. 2
Burger C. 1992: Enumeration and Management of the Indigenous woodland of Northern Botswana