FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES
PRIORITIES
(BY REGION, SPECIES AND OPERATION)
SPECIES IDENTIFIED AS HIGH, GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND/OR NATIONAL PRIORITY
NOTES
(i) General Observations
The present Appendix, complementing Appendix 9, represents an attempt to provide a list of high priority forest tree species at regional, eco-regional or sub-regional level.
The present list does not present an exhaustive list of woody perennial species in need of attention. It aims at providing information on those species and provenances which the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources, during its 12th Session in November 2001, considered should be given high priority in the work programme of international, regional, bilateral and national institutions and agencies, the private sector, and FAO.
The Panel of Experts recognized that many of the priority ratings must be considered tentative; the list will need continuing up-dating and must be modified in the light of new information, knowledge and needs.
The list is based on the experts' opinion. The diversity of forest types, status and condition, and the different types and scales of values used to rank forest tree species among countries and cultures, makes the establishment of objective, global guidelines, a difficult exercise. In their own capacity, and on the basis of their personal experience, experts have reviewed information from national and regional sources, and ranked those species which appeared to present high actual or potential value, at species or population level23. Lists given for the Pacific Islands are drawn from conclusions of the Pacific Sub-regional Workshop on Forest and Tree Genetic Resources.
The present list includes, and should be reviewed in conjunction with, those species ranked as top priority for FAO's coordinated work (Appendix 9). There is, furthermore, a need to supplement both lists drawn up by the Panel with more detailed, national lists of priorities at local and national level.
This list emphasizes the importance of the genetic variation between species, and within species, and does not specifically target endangered or threatened species or populations because of their endangered condition. Similarly, although in exceptional cases referring to genera, the list does not refer to ecosystems or biota.
Readers interested in endangered or threatened tree and shrub species may wish to refer to:
(i) the 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, at http://www.redlist.org/;
(ii) the World List of Threatened Trees, by S. Oldsfield, C. Lusty and A. MacKinven, World Conservation Press, Cambridge, 1998;
(iii) the World Conservation Monitoring Centre's Tree Conservation Database, available on Internet at: http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cgi-in/SaCGI.cgi/trees.exe?FNC=database_Aindex_html
(ii) Legend
A fold-out flap on the inside of the back cover summarizes the indications given below.
"Main End Use of Species" (columns 1-4)
Column 1, "Industrial Wood": sawn logs, timber, heavy construction wood, plywood, chip and particle board, wood pulp.
Column 2, "Industrial Non-Wood Products": gums, resins, oils, tannins or other products used in small, medium and large-scale local and non-local industries.
Column 3, "Fuelwood, Posts, Poles": firewood and wood used for the production of charcoal and energy; roundwood used on-farm.
Column 4, "Other Uses (goods, services)": food, fodder, land stabilization, soil amelioration, shade, shelter and other environmental and cultural or religious values.
"Operations/Activities"
The list indicates priority on a scale from 1 to 3 for the various operational steps identified: exploration, evaluation, conservation and utilization of germplasm (including selection and breeding), as follows:
(1) Highest priority
(2) Prompt action recommended
(3) Action is important, but of less urgency than that for species listed as priority (1) and (2).
"Remarks" column
PVT = provenance trial
PGT = progeny trial
CLT = clonal trials
SO = seed orchard
(F) = endangered at species or provenance level
MPTS = multi purpose tree species
The fold-out flap on the inside of the back cover recalls the indications given above.
LIST OF SPECIES IDENTIFIED AS HIGH, GLOBAL, REGIONALAND/OR NATIONAL PRIORITY
1. Western USA/Canada 60
2. Eastern USA/Canada 64
3. Mexico 67
4. Caribbean, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador 68
5. South America (except Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador) 71
6. Northern and Central Europe 74
7. Mediterranean Region, Southern Europe and Near East 75
8. South-East Asia (excl. China and India) 77
9. North, North-East and Central Asia (incl. China, Dem. People's Rep. of Korea,
India, Japan, Mongolia and Rep. of Korea) 79
10. Africa 94
11. Australia and New Zealand 98
12. Papua New Guinea and Pacific Islands 102
Operations/ Activities |
|||||||||||||
SPECIES |
End use of species |
Exploration & collection |
Evaluation |
Conservation |
Germplasm use |
REMARKS | |||||||
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
||
1. WESTERN USA/CANADA |
|||||||||||||
Abies amabilis |
_ | _ | 3 |
||||||||||
A. bracteata |
_ | 2 |
3 |
||||||||||
A. concolor |
_ | 3 |
|||||||||||
A. grandis |
_ | _ | 3 |
Int. PVT | |||||||||
A. lasiocarpa |
_ | Int. PVT | |||||||||||
A. magnifica var. shastaensis |
_ | 3 |
|||||||||||
A. procera |
_ | _ |
3 |
Int. PVT, breeding programs | |||||||||
Acer macrophyllum |
_ | _ |
In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
Alnus rhombifolia |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
A. rubra |
_ | _ | _ |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
PVT. Seed in storage for int. PVT | ||||
A. sinuata |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
A. tenuifolia |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
Arbutus menziesii |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
Betula fontinalis |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
B. papyrifera |
_ |
In situ cons. stands PVT | |||||||||||
Castanopsis chrysophylla |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
Celtis douglasii |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Root rot affecting species: Phytophera lateralis | ||||||||
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis |
_ | _ |
3 |
2 |
2 |
Breeding program | |||||||
C. macrocarpa |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||
Cornus nuttalli |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Crataegus douglasii |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
C. columbiana |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Cupressus arizonica (complex) |
_ |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
||||||
C. bakeri |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Fraxinus latifolia |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Juniperus occidentalis |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
J. scopulorum |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Larix laricina |
_ |
3 |
2 |
||||||||||
L. lyallii |
_ | _ |
2 |
||||||||||
L. occidentalis |
_ | _ |
3 |
2 |
Breeding trials | ||||||||
Libocedus decurrens |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Lithocarpus densiflorus |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Malus fusca |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Picea breweriana |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Picea engelmannii |
_ |
2 |
Int. PVT. Tests and collections | ||||||||||
P. glauca |
_ |
3 |
Int. PVT. Breeding | ||||||||||
P. sitchensis |
_ |
Int. PVT. Tests / Breeding program for weevil resistance. | |||||||||||
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Affected by Cronartium ribicola and Dendrococtonus ponderosae | |||||||
P. arizonica |
_ | _ |
2 |
||||||||||
P. attenuata |
_ |
3 |
3 |
||||||||||
P. chihuahuana |
_ | _ |
2 |
||||||||||
P. contorta |
_ | _ |
Int. PVT. | ||||||||||
P. engelmanii |
_ | _ |
2 |
||||||||||
P. flexilis |
_ | _ |
3 |
||||||||||
P. jeffreyi |
_ |
2 |
|||||||||||
P. lambertiana |
_ |
Int. PVT | |||||||||||
P. monticola |
_ |
Breeding program | |||||||||||
P. ponderosa |
_ |
2 |
Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
P. radiata |
_ |
3 |
Int. PVT. Gene pool stands | ||||||||||
P. washoensis |
_ | _ |
2 |
||||||||||
Populus tremuloides |
_ |
Collections | |||||||||||
P. trichocarpa |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Pseudotsuga menziesii |
_ |
Int. PVT. Breeding progr. | |||||||||||
P. macrocarpa |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||
Quercus chrysolepis |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Q. garryana |
_ | _ |
2 |
1 |
British Columbia, USA | ||||||||
Q. kelloggii |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
Rhamnus purshiana |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
Salix amygdaloides |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
S. hindsiana |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
S. hookenana |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
S. lasiandra |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
S. lasiolepis |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
S. scouleriana |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
Sequoia sempervirens |
_ |
Collections | |||||||||||
Sequoiadendron giganteum |
_ |
3 |
In situ cons. stands | ||||||||||
Taxus brevifolia |
_ | _ | _ |
3 |
3 |
Medicinal products | |||||||
Thuja plicata |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Breeding prog. | |||||||
Tsuga heterophylla |
_ |
2 |
Breeding prog. | ||||||||||
T. mertensiana |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Collection | ||||||||
Umbellularia california |
_ |
In situ cons. stands | |||||||||||
2. EASTERN USA/CANADA |
|||||||||||||
Abies balsamea |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Breeding progr. | |||||||
A. fraseri |
_ | _ |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
Breeding progr. | |||||
Acer saccharum |
_ | _ | _ | _ |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
||||
Betula alleghaniensis |
_ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
||||||||
Carya cordiformis |
_ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
||||||||
C. illinoensis |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Of recent interest to China | ||||||||
C. ovata |
_ |
2 |
3 |
2 |
|||||||||
Castanea dentata |
_ | _ | _ | _ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
International att. needed to ensure continued efforts in developing resistance to Endothia parasitica | ||
Celtis tenuifolia |
_ | _ |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||
Fraxinus americana |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
F. nigra |
_ |
3 |
|||||||||||
F. quadrangulata |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
|||||||
Gymnocladus dioieus |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||
Juglans cinerea |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Ex situ cons. required in Canada. Affected by Sirococcus clavigignenti juglandacearum | |||||||
J. nigra |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
|||||||||
Larix laricina |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
Breeding prog. Canada | ||||||
Liquidambar styraciflua |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||
Liriodendron tulipifera |
_ |
3 |
3 |
2 |
Collection and testing in Eastern U.S. | ||||||||
Magnolia acuminata |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||
Morus rubra |
_ |
In situ conservation required in Canada | |||||||||||
Picea glauca |
_ |
3 |
Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
P. mariana |
_ |
Breeding progr. | |||||||||||
P. rubens |
_ |
3 |
2 |
||||||||||
Platenus occidentalis |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||||||
Pinus banksiana |
_ |
Breeding progr. | |||||||||||
P. clausa |
_ |
3 |
3 |
||||||||||
P. rigida |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||
P. echinata |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Breeding progr. in Eastern U.S. | ||||||||
P. elliottii |
_ |
Breeding progr. in Eastern U.S. | |||||||||||
P. palustris |
_ |
3 |
Breeding progr. in Eastern U.S. | ||||||||||
P. resinosa |
_ |
3 |
Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
P. serotina |
_ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||
P. strobus |
_ |
3 |
Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
P. taeda |
_ |
Breeding progr. | |||||||||||
P. virginiana |
_ |
2 |
2 |
||||||||||
Populus balsamifera |
_ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
High potential for biomass on medium fertility soils | |||||||
P. deltoides |
_ |
2 |
Breeding progr. | ||||||||||
P. tremuloides |
_ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
Breeding progr. in U.S. | ||||||||
Prunus serotina |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Canadian populations at extremes of range | |||||||
Ptelea trifoliata |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
|||||||
Quercus alba |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
Canadian populations at extremes of range | ||||||
Q. borealis |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||
Q. macrocarpa |
_ | _ |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||
Robinia pseudoacacia |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||
Swietenia mahagani |
_ |
1 |
1 |
(E) | |||||||||
Taxodium ascendens |
_ |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||
T. distichum |
_ |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||
Torreya taxifolia |
_ |
2 |
(E) | ||||||||||
Ulmus americana |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
Resistance breeding progr. | ||||
3. MEXICO |
|||||||||||||
Brosimum alicastrum |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Used for fodder | ||
Calophyllum brasiliense |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
||||
Cedrela odorata |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Timber | |||
Cordia alliadora |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||
C. dodecandra |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
||||||
Cupressus lindleyi |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
(E) Populations | |||
Dendropanax arboreus Fraxinus uhdei |
_ _ |
_ _ |
1 2 |
1 2 |
1 |
1 2 |
2 1 |
2 2 |
3 |
1 |
PVT | ||
Metopium brownei |
_ |
3 |
3 |
2 |
|||||||||
Pinus ayacahuite var. veitchii |
_ | ||||||||||||
P. cembroides |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT. Human food | |||
P. chiapensis |
_ |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT and PGT | |||||||
P. durangensis |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
||||||||
P. gregii |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
(E) populations | ||||||
P. engelmannii |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
||||||||
P. herrerai |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
||||||||
P. michoacana |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
||||||||
P. montezumae |
_ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
PVT, PGT | |||||||
P. oocarpa |
_ |
3 |
PVT, PGT | ||||||||||
P. patula |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
PVT (Int.), PGT | ||||||||
P. pinceana |
_ |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
Human food | |||
P. pseudostrobus |
_ |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
PVT, PGT | ||||||
Prosopis juliflora |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
PVT | ||||
Pseudotsuga flahaulti |
_ |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
Christmas trees | |||||||
Swietenia macrophylla |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, SO. (E) populations | ||
4. CARRIBEAN, CENTRAL AMERICA, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA AND ECUADOR |
|||||||||||||
Albizia guachepele |
_ | _ |
3 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
PVT, PGT established. Vegetative propagation studies | |||
Alnus acuminata |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, in situ seed stands established | ||
Astronium graveolens |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PGT established. Not planted extensively | ||
Bombacopsis quinata |
_ |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
PVT,PGT in progress. SO established. Vegetative propagation. (E) in most parts of range | |||
Callophyllum brasilense |
_ |
_ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
Not planted extensively | ||
Carapa guianensis |
_ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
Not planted extensively | |||
Cedrela odorata |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, VP, E in most parts of range. | |||
Cedrela tonduzzi |
_ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
(E) in most parts of range | ||||
Cordia alliodora |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, CLT, SO, VP. Breeding systems studies completed | ||||
Cupressus lusitanica |
_ |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Ex situ seed stands established. Local PVT,PGT | |||||
Dalbergia retusa |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
PGT established. Not planted extensively | ||
Diphysa robinioides |
_ | _ |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
Not planted extensively | |||
Enterolubium cyclocarpum |
_ | _ | _ |
2 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Seed stands established | |
Eucalyptus citriodora |
_ | _ |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
||||||
Eucalyptus deglupta |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, SO. | |||||
Eucalyptus grandis |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, SO. | |||||
Gliricidia sepium |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
PVT, in situ and ex situ stands and SO established | ||
Hyeronima alchorneoides |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
Not planted extensively | ||
Leucaena leucocephala |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT in progress. SO | ||
Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, in situ and ex situ seed stands established | |||
Pinus maximinoi |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
PVT in progress | |||||
P. oocarpa |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, in situ seed stands, ex situ conservation stands established | |||
P. tecunumanii |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
PVT, PGT, in situ and ex situ seed stands established | |||
P. pseudostrobus/tenuifolia |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
PVT in progress. (E) in parts of range | ||||
Pthecellobium saman |
_ | _ | _ |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Not planted extensively | ||
Simaruba glauca |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
Not planted extensively | ||
Swietenia humilis |
_ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
PGT, SO established. Not planted extensively | |||
Swietenia macrophylla |
_ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
PVT, PGT established, genetic variability studies in progress, VP. E in most parts of range | |||
Tabebuia donnel-smithii |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Not planted extensively | |||
Tabebuia rosea |
_ | _ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Restricted prov. collections | |
Tectona grandis |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Restricted genetic base. PVT required, VP, seed stands and SSO established | ||||||
Terminalia amazonia |
_ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Ex situ seed stands established. Not planted extensively | |||
Virola koschnyi |
_ | _ |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Ex situ seed stands established. Not planted extensively | ||
Vochysia quatemalensis |
_ | _ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
PVT, PGT and SO established. Veg. propagation studies |
23 . See Appendix 7 for more details on priority setting processes