Number of people undernourished | Proportion of undernourished | |||||||
in total population | ||||||||
1969-71 | 1979-81 | 1990-92 | 1998-00 | 1969-71 | 1979-81 | 1990-92 | 1998-00 | |
millions | percent | |||||||
North Africa | 19.3 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 27 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 91.9 | 125.4 | 166.4 | 195.9 | 35 | 36 | 35 | 33 |
Central Africa | 10.4 | 15.1 | 22.0 | 45.1 | 30 | 34 | 35 | 57 |
East Africa | 39.7 | 42.5 | 73.7 | 83.0 | 44 | 35 | 44 | 41 |
Southern Africa | 13.1 | 17.0 | 34.0 | 37.1 | 33 | 33 | 48 | 43 |
West Africa | 28.7 | 50.7 | 36.7 | 30.7 | 30 | 40 | 21 | 14 |
Algeria | 6.9 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 50 | 9 | 5 | 6 |
Angola | 2.1 | 2.6 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 38 | 37 | 61 | 50 |
Benin | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 41 | 37 | 19 | 13 |
Botswana | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 29 | 30 | 17 | 25 |
Burkina Faso | 3.2 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 59 | 64 | 23 | 23 |
Burundi | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 34 | 39 | 49 | 69 |
Cameroon | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 27 | 22 | 32 | 25 |
Central African Republic | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 23 | 24 | 49 | 44 |
Chad | 1.4 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 39 | 68 | 58 | 32 |
Congo, Dem. Republic of | 6.1 | 8.9 | 12.3 | 36.4 | 30 | 33 | 32 | 73 |
Congo, Republic of | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 41 | 31 | 37 | 32 |
Côte d'Ivoire | 0.9 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 16 | 8 | 18 | 15 |
Egypt | 9.1 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 26 | 8 | 5 | 4 |
Eritrea | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 54 | 42 | 59 | 58 |
Ethiopia | 15.9 | 15.5 | 28.8 | 27.1 | 55 | 44 | 59 | 44 |
Gabon | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 26 | 13 | 11 | 8 |
Gambia | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 32 | 58 | 21 | 21 |
Ghana | 2.0 | 7.1 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 24 | 64 | 35 | 12 |
Guinea | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 33 | 32 | 40 | 32 |
Kenya | 2.6 | 4.0 | 11.5 | 13.2 | 23 | 24 | 47 | 44 |
Lesotho | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 48 | 30 | 27 | 26 |
Liberia | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 27 | 22 | 33 | 39 |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10 | - | - | - |
Madagascar | 1.2 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 17 | 20 | 35 | 40 |
Malawi | 1.0 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 23 | 26 | 49 | 33 |
Mali | 2.3 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 42 | 60 | 25 | 20 |
Mauritania | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 48 | 35 | 14 | 12 |
Mauritius | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 20 | 10 | 6 | 5 |
Morocco | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 7 |
Mozambique | 5.1 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 55 | 55 | 69 | 55 |
Namibia | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 26 | 20 | 15 | 9 |
Niger | 1.7 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 40 | 34 | 42 | 36 |
Nigeria | 12.7 | 25.2 | 11.9 | 7.3 | 26 | 39 | 13 | 7 |
Rwanda | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 28 | 24 | 34 | 40 |
Senegal | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 25 |
Sierra Leone | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 34 | 40 | 46 | 47 |
Somalia | 2.0 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 56 | 67 | 67 | 71 |
Sudan | 5.3 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 37 | 29 | 31 | 21 |
Swaziland | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 21 | 14 | 10 | 12 |
Tanzania | 8.9 | 5.2 | 9.8 | 16.2 | 64 | 28 | 36 | 47 |
Togo | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 23 |
Tunisia | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 12 | 3 | - | - |
Uganda | 1.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 19 | 33 | 23 | 21 |
Western Sahara | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Zambia | 1.1 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 27 | 26 | 45 | 50 |
Zimbabwe | 1.4 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 27 | 26 | 43 | 38 |
Source: FAO
Country | 1995-1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 |
Algeria | 2.3 | -4.6 | 9.9 | ... |
Angola | 2.9 | 11.8 | 11.9 | ... |
Benin | 4.1 | 7.5 | -1.7 | 5.1 |
Botswana | -3.2 | 2.0 | 0.4 | ... |
Burkina Faso | 5.4 | -10.9 | 21.8 | -0.2 |
Burundi | -0.8 | -6.2 | 8.6 | 0.3 |
Cameroon | 2.4 | -3.5 | 3.8 | -1.5 |
Cape Verde | 5.0 | -11.0 | 0.3 | -0.4 |
Central African Republic | 3.2 | 4.8 | 0.4 | -2.7 |
Chad | 4.3 | -6.3 | 17.6 | -4.2 |
Comoros | 2.8 | -9.3 | 2.9 | 0.3 |
Congo, Dem Republic of | -1.2 | -2.7 | -2.4 | -2.0 |
Congo, Republic of | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.9 | ... |
Côte d'Ivoire | 4.4 | 3.8 | -10.6 | -6.4 |
Djibouti | 1.0 | -14.6 | 0.1 | ... |
Egypt | 3.9 | -0.1 | -1.5 | 0.8 |
Equatorial Guinea | 0.5 | -1.1 | -0.7 | ... |
Eritrea | 5.0 | -12.0 | 5.4 | -0.6 |
Ethiopia | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.2 | 0.1 |
Gabon | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | ... |
Gambia | 8.5 | 11.0 | 5.6 | 0.1 |
Ghana | 4.0 | 3.2 | 3.4 | -0.9 |
Guinea | 3.3 | 8.5 | 0.0 | ... |
Guinea-Bissau | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.1 | ... |
Kenya | 1.0 | -1.3 | -1.8 | ... |
Lesotho | 0.0 | 30.0 | 0.4 | ... |
Liberia | 15.5 | 12.0 | 1.8 | ... |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 3.0 | 2.3 | 5.0 | ... |
Madagascar | 1.2 | -4.0 | -0.2 | ... |
Malawi | 5.8 | 13.6 | 1.1 | -21.7 |
Mali | 3.3 | -11.5 | 14.7 | 10.4 |
Mauritania | 1.0 | 4.0 | -0.9 | ... |
Mauritius | -4.0 | 22.1 | 5.9 | ... |
Morocco | 8.4 | -7.1 | 6.6 | 1.9 |
Mozambique | 6.3 | -11.7 | 2.8 | ... |
Namibia | 3.8 | -31.5 | -2.4 | ... |
Niger | 5.5 | -7.5 | 16.4 | ... |
Nigeria | 3.4 | 0.7 | -1.3 | 5.7 |
Rwanda | 7.0 | 21.3 | -0.6 | 0.1 |
Réunion | 2.2 | 0.5 | 1.5 | -2.1 |
Sao Tome and Principe | 5.6 | 4.5 | 0.0 | ... |
Senegal | 3.4 | -0.7 | -3.2 | -21.5 |
Seychelles | -1.0 | 6.1 | -1.1 | 0.1 |
Sierra Leone | -2.0 | -7.2 | 0.0 | ... |
Somalia | -0.2 | 8.0 | 0.2 | ... |
South Africa | 4.0 | 4.8 | -5.0 | 3.0 |
Sudan | 1.9 | 3.1 | 8.0 | 0.9 |
Swaziland | 1.9 | 7.8 | -3.8 | ... |
Tanzania, United Rep of | -0.1 | 0.1 | 1.9 | -0.8 |
Togo | 4.9 | -2.7 | 1.2 | 0.2 |
Tunisia | 12.9 | -3.1 | -9.5 | -15.8 |
Uganda | 3.4 | -0.1 | 5.3 | 0.8 |
Western Sahara | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.4 | ... |
Zambia | 2.7 | 0.7 | 2.8 | ... |
Zimbabwe | 6.7 | 15.4 | -6.2 | -18.6 |
Africa | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2003
1985-94 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Africa | 1.9 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.2 |
Algeria | 0.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4.3 |
Angola | -1.5 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 17.1 | 4.7 | 10.6 |
Benin | 2.5 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.5 |
Botswana | 8.1 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
Burkina Faso | 4.3 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 6.3 | -1.6 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.7 |
Burundi | 2.6 | -7.9 | -8.0 | - | 4.7 | -0.9 | -1.1 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 6.1 |
Cameroon | -1.7 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.0 |
Cape | 4.7 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 6.6 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Central African Republic | 1.1 | 4.9 | -8.1 | 7.5 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
Chad | 4.6 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 7.7 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 8.5 | 10.9 | 13.6 | 51.5 |
Comoros | 0.5 | 8.9 | -1.3 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 | -1.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.5 |
Congo, Dem rep of | -3.7 | 0.7 | -1.0 | -5.6 | -1.6 | -4.3 | -6.9 | -2.1 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
Congo, rep of | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.3 | -0.6 | 3.7 | -3.0 | 8.2 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 6.8 |
Côte d'Ivoire | 1.2 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 1.6 | -2.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | -2.0 | 3.0 |
Djibouti | -0.9 | -3.5 | -4.1 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
Egypt | 3.0 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
Equatorial Guinea | 2.9 | 14.3 | 31.8 | 80.7 | 14.6 | 30.6 | 15.2 | 45.1 | 31.2 | 11.6 | 7.0 |
Eritrea | ... | 2.9 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 1.8 | - | -13.1 | 10.2 | 1.6 | 8.6 | 7.8 |
Ethiopia | 1.4 | 6.2 | 10.6 | 4.7 | -1.4 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 7.7 | 5.0 | -2.0 | 6.4 |
Gabon | 2.0 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 3.5 | -8.9 | -1.9 | 2.0 | -0.1 | 1.1 | 2.9 |
Gambia, the | 3.7 | -3.4 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 6.0 |
Ghana | 4.9 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 |
Guinea | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
Guinea-Bissau | 3.0 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.5 | -28.1 | 8.0 | 9.5 | 0.2 | -4.2 | 3.9 | 3.3 |
Kenya | 3.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 3.1 |
Lesotho | 5.1 | 5.9 | 9.5 | 4.8 | -3.5 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 |
Liberia | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Madagascar | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 6.0 | -11.9 | 7.8 | 6.0 |
Malawi | 1.5 | 16.7 | 7.3 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 1.1 | -4.2 | 1.8 | 6.5 | 5.2 |
Mali | 2.5 | 7.0 | 4.3 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 9.6 | -0.4 | 6.6 |
Mauritania | 2.9 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 6.3 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.7 |
Mauritius | 7.2 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 2.6 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.2 |
Morocco | 4.0 | -6.6 | 12.2 | -2.2 | 7.7 | -0.1 | 1.0 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 3.4 |
Mozambique, Rep. of | 4.0 | 4.3 | 7.1 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 7.0 | 11.9 |
Namibia | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.7 |
Niger | 2.1 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 10.4 | -0.6 | -1.4 | 7.1 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 |
Nigeria | 3.9 | 2.4 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 6.7 | 4.2 |
Rwanda | -7.0 | 35.2 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 6.2 |
São Tomé and principe | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Senegal | 2.1 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 5.6 |
Seychelles | 5.3 | 0.5 | 10.0 | 12.2 | 5.7 | -2.8 | -5.4 | -8.1 | -2.4 | -0.6 | 0.9 |
Sierra Leone | -1.1 | -10.0 | -24.8 | -17.6 | -0.8 | -8.1 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
Somalia | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
South Africa | 0.8 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
Sudan | 3.3 | 3.0 | 6.3 | 9.3 | 5.7 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.2 |
Swaziland | 6.5 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
Tanzania | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
Togo | 1.1 | 6.9 | 9.7 | 4.3 | -2.1 | 2.9 | -1.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 4.4 |
Tunisia | 3.7 | 2.4 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
Uganda | 4.8 | 11.9 | 8.6 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 7.9 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
Western Sahara | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
Zambia | -0.4 | -2.5 | 6.5 | 3.4 | -1.9 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 |
Zimbabwe | 3.5 | 0.2 | 9.7 | 1.4 | 0.8 | -4.1 | -6.8 | -8.8 | -12.8 | -11.0 | 5.1 |
Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 2003