Arbitrage is a technique in the marketing of produce - storing the crops until a better price can be obtained in the market.
Assembly markets are larger rural markets where quantities of produce are traded (either by the producers themselves or by traders) and bulked-up for on-transport to other markets.
Basic access is a level of service for roads with low travel speeds and traffic flows, generally applying to local levels in a road hierarchy.
Central places are settlements, such as small towns that provide the population of the surrounding area with goods and services.
Catchment area or sphere of influence is the area surrounding a central place that can be economically provided with services or goods.
Consumers' surplus is a technique used in economic analysis to quantify the benefits to consumers, such as the lower costs of providing transport because of the road improvement.
Food poverty line is a measure that relates poverty to a basket of food needed for an adult daily intake per person of 2,100 calories.
Geographical information system is a computer based mapping and planning tool, which replaces many manual operations, allowing the user to manipulate complex databases and not just to produce maps.
Growth centres are major regional/provincial towns or cities based around a sustainable natural resources base.
Growth pole theory is a planning principle based on concentration of inter-linked economic activities in a few main centres. other terms are used to describe this, such as “growth nodes” or “clusters”.
Hierarchy of settlement is a descriptive method for relating the overall pattern of rural towns and villages.
Informal sectors are businesses that are not formally registered basis and normally without collateral.
Integrated rural accessibility planning is local level-planning tool developed by ILo that approaches infrastructure provision and management through the concept of accessibility to services.
Marketing (or supply) chains are the processes by which produce is marketed from the supplier to the consumer
Origin and destination surveys are field surveys that are used to determine where vehicles are coming from and where they are going.
Participatory rural appraisal is a survey method that allows a community to collect and analyse data. The community itself is the owner of the information. The process is sometimes called “participatory learning and action”, which puts a greater stress on using the survey process as the basis for follow-up actions.
Participatory mapping is a method of creating community maps through discussion with key informants and villagers.
Peri urban are areas adjacent to urban areas that are not built-up.
Pilot survey is a preliminary survey undertaken to test whether a survey questionnaire has been properly designed.
Population density is the average number of persons per square kilometre or per hectare.
Poverty line is the line below which people are considered to be poor and reflects their food and non-food expenditure needs.
Primary data is information that has to be collected through field surveys to fill data gaps.
Producers' surplus is a technique used in economic analysis to quantify benefits to a producer - such as the effect of better and lower-cost transport on increased agricultural production.
Primary Markets are small markets where the trade is characterized by direct sales of small quantities of produce by farmers to village traders and retail sales to rural consumers.
Rapid rural appraisal is a survey method where a surveyor visits a community in order to obtain information which is taken away to be analysed. This is very useful method if there is unlikely to be any direct follow-up actions, as it does not raise community expectations.
Secondary data is information that has already been collected and published by others.
Sieve mapping is a planning method that uses “overlays” to allow manual or GIS manipulation and combination of thematic maps.
Social stratification or wealth ranking is a simple technique for dividing up communities into groups with similar incomes levels.
Social assessment is a method that describes the social dimensions of development, combining published data from books and reports, with field research, and data directly obtained with communities.
Stakeholder analysis is a social assessment method that uses interviews and questionnaires to obtain the opinions of the main stakeholders or “actors” in the development process.
Sustainability is the continuation of an activity after capital funding has finished, which is invariably an issue of access to resources for maintenance and operations of a facility, such as a market or road.
Thematic maps are map layers showing different characteristics of an area highlighting particular themes or sectors - such as levels of accessibility to various services, routes needing improvement, etc.
Vehicle operating costs are the total of all the costs associated with the operation of a vehicle, including driver’s wages, depreciation, fuel and vehicle repairs and maintenance.
