TABLE 7
Initial Bilateral Applied Tariffs
(%)
|
Importing country (right) |
Bangladesh |
Cambodia |
China |
Taiwan Prov. of China |
India |
Indonesia |
Iran, Islamic Rep. of |
Japan |
Korea Rep. of |
Malaysia |
Myanmar |
Pakistan |
Philippines |
Saudi Arabia |
Thailand |
Viet Nam |
Other Asia |
Egypt |
Other N. Africa |
|
Bangladesh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cambodia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
645 |
1000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
94 |
|
Taiwan Prov. of China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
India |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
50 |
0 |
30 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
|
Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Iran, Islamic Rep. of |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Japan |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
Korea Rep. of |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Malaysia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
645 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Myanmar |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Pakistan |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
94 |
|
Philippines |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
|
Saudi Arabia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Thailand |
0 |
0 |
0 |
561 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
1000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
94 |
|
Viet Nam |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
94 |
|
Other Asia |
2 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
645 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Egypt |
0 |
0 |
0 |
561 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
94 |
|
Other N. Africa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
94 |
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Nigeria |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Senegal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
South Africa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Other Sub-Saharan. Africa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
60 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mexico |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cuba |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Argentina |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
|
Brazil |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Colombia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Guyana |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Uruguay |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
Other Lat. Amer. & Caribb. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
0 |
|
United States |
0 |
0 |
1 |
561 |
80 |
5 |
0 |
645 |
1000 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
50 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
18 |
0 |
|
Other N. America |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
645 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
|
EU(25) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
645 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
50 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
63 |
94 |
|
Other Europe |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
50 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
|
Australia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
645 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
16 |
0 |
|
Other Oceania |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
|
Russian Federation |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
|
Other CIS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
|
Importing country (right) |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Nigeria |
Senegal |
South Africa |
Other Sub-Saharan. Africa |
Mexico |
Cuba |
Argentina |
Brazil |
Colombia |
Guyana |
Uruguay |
Other Lat. Amer. & Caribb. |
United States |
Other N. America |
EU(25) |
Other Europe |
Australia |
Other Oceania |
Russian Federation |
Other CIS |
|
Bangladesh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cambodia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
China |
11 |
60 |
11 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
6 |
0 |
42 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
19 |
|
Taiwan Prov. of China |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
India |
0 |
60 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
13 |
|
Indonesia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
54 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Iran, Islamic Rep. of |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Japan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
91 |
33 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Korea Rep. of |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
10 |
0 |
89 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
|
Malaysia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Myanmar |
11 |
60 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Pakistan |
11 |
0 |
11 |
0 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
|
Philippines |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
38 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Saudi Arabia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Thailand |
11 |
60 |
11 |
0 |
11 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
6 |
0 |
93 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
|
Viet Nam |
11 |
0 |
11 |
0 |
6 |
20 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
|
Other Asia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
65 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Egypt |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Other N. Africa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
54 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
13 |
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Nigeria |
0 |
60 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Senegal |
0 |
0 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
South Africa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Other Sub-Saharan. Africa |
0 |
60 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mexico |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Cuba |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Argentina |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Brazil |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
189 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
6 |
0 |
96 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Colombia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Guyana |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Uruguay |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
54 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
Other Lat. Amer. & Caribb. |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
|
United States |
11 |
60 |
11 |
0 |
8 |
1 |
13 |
11 |
9 |
189 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
73 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
|
Other N. America |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
78 |
44 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
|
EU(25) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
189 |
0 |
10 |
12 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
10 |
|
Other Europe |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
92 |
0 |
0 |
19 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
|
Australia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
66 |
28 |
0 |
78 |
10 |
0 |
|
Other Oceania |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Russian Federation |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
91 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Other CIS |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
TABLE 8
Countries assumed to designate rice as sensitive
or special product
|
Brazil |
Indonesia |
Pakistan |
|
Taiwan Prov. of China |
Japan |
Philippines |
|
China |
Korea Rep. of |
South Africa |
|
Colombia |
Mexico |
Thailand |
|
Cuba |
Nigeria |
United States |
|
EU(25) |
Other Asia |
Uruguay |
|
Guyana |
Other Lat. Amer. & Caribb. |
Viet Nam |
|
India |
Other Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
The six different scenarios are:
(i) Free Trade: zero tariffs, zero export subsidies, no LDC or SSP/SPP exemptions(ii) Free Trade with SSP/SPP subject to partial reform: as under scenario (i) but developed countries that designate rice as SSP are required to reduce tariffs by 50 percent, while developing countries that designate rice as SSP/SPP are required to reduce them by 33 percent (in the spirit of the "two-thirds of developed country commitments’ rule negotiated under the URAA). LDCs are exempted from any trade reform
(iii) Free Trade with SSP/SPP excluded from trade reform: as under scenario (i) but LDCs and countries that designate rice as SSP/SPP are exempted from any trade reform.
(iv) Harbinson: Harbinson-type tariff cuts, zero export subsidies, no LDC or SSP/SPP exemptions
(v) Harbinson with SSP/SPP subject to partial reform: as under scenario (iv) but countries that designate rice as SSP/SPP are required to make 50 percent of their Harbinson commitments. LDCs are exempted from any trade reform.
(vi) Harbinson with SSP/SPP excluded from trade reform: as under scenario (iv) but LDCs and countries that designate rice as SSP/SPP are exempted from any trade reform.
Consensus in the current negotiations may converge towards the scenario (v) type of reform, the other scenarios therefore serve to establish the limits of the impacts of trade liberalisation. A shortcoming of the model concerning "concessions on minimum access" is that simulating TRQ expansion (an explicit provision in the July package pertaining to the treatment of SSP/SPP) is not straightforward. To circumvent this shortcoming, an approximation to raising TRQs is assumed to be captured by deepening the tariff rate cuts (namely, 50 percent of the Harbinson commitments).
