Work Plan Implementation | SCS/76/WP/40 |
(Working Paper) |
Problems in Shrimp Culture in the South China Sea Region |
REGIONAL
By
Harry L. Cook
Fishery Biologist
(Aquaculture)
Project Document Identification
Work Plan Activity: 4(c)(i)
(c) Examination of factors affecting productivity and profitability of existing and future aquaculture operations
Examine general level of aquaculture practise, in particular aquaculture industries (e.g., milkfish, prawns) - e.g., fertilizing practises, quality of water, stocking practises, disease and predation control, harvesting, etc.
Specific Terms of Reference
Assist the participating countries both regionally and nationally in activities related to cultivable crustacean and molluscan species. Identify and promote programmes to provide available stocking materials either from wild stocks or through hatcheries; of research and pilot-scale operations identifying sites suitable for experimental or pilot-scale hatcheries or farms; planning programmes for pilot demonstrations to establish economic feasibility of expanded operations; and assist in training personnel in the culture of shellfishes through fellowships and regional activities.
Successful management procedures and well designed equipment used in the region are described. Problems which are hindering development are defined and possible solutions are suggested. Research topics of particular importance to development of shrimp culture in the South China Sea Region are discussed.
Greater utilization of wild stocks of postlarvae could be accomplished in many areas.
Most shrimp hatcheries within the region should be modified to provide for increased water circulation in the hatchery tanks and to treat incoming water to prevent disease from entering the hatchery.
Hatchery tanks should be used only for culturing larvae. Postlarvae should be grown to stocking size in separate tanks.
Shrimp farmers can minimize risk by using small pilot operations for initial start up and by not trying to grow shrimp to an extremely large size.
To insure rapid development of shrimp farming governments should start development of extension capabilities in parallel with research activities.
There is need for greater exchange of technical information between countries in the region.
Unavailability of capital for improving existing farms or constructing new ones is a major problem for small farmers.
SOUTH CHINA SEA FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND COORDINATING PROGRAMME
Manila, July 1976
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2.1 Postlarvae from wild stock
2.2 Postlarvae from hatcheries
2.2.2 Hatchery operation and design
2.2.2.1 Disease and prevention
4. DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS AND PRIORITIES
4.1 Availability of capital and economic surveys
4.2 Familiarization with practices in other countries
5.5 Utilization of wild postlarvae
5.6 Water quality and effects of pollution
Figure 1 Net for collecting postlarval shrimp
Figure 2 Pictorial guide to identification of postlarvae
Figure 3 Air lift water circulator for large hatchery tanks
a. Placement of air lift pumps in large concrete tank, X section
b. Arrangement of supports and air line on side of tank, frontal view
c. Air lift pump of hatchery tank for using low levels of water
Figure 4 Net for harvesting Brachionus using an air lift pump
Figure 5 Small shrimp hatchery tank, constructed with plywood sheets
Figure 6 Medium size hatchery tank
Figure 7 Harvest basin for shrimp hatchery
Figure 8 Layout of raceway tank for postlarvae
Figure 11 Modification of sluice gate to allow better sealing of closure boards
Figure 12 Layout of a shrimp farm practicing fertilization and alternate cropping
Figure 13 Layout of a shrimp farm practicing supplemental feeding