15. TABLES

Table 1. Oxygen solubility (mg/l) in seawater
Temp. °C	Chlorinity ‰ Salinity (‰)
Temp. °C	0 (0)	2 (3.6)	4 (7.2)	6 (10.8)	8 (14.5)	10 (18.1)	12 (21.7)	14 (25.3)	16 (28.9)	18 (32.5)	20 (36.0)	22 (39.7)
20	9.11	8.92	8.73	8.54	8.37	8.20	8.03	7.86	7.69	7.53	7.37	7.22
21	8.93	8.74	8.56	8.39	8.20	8.03	7.87	7.70	7.54	7.39	7.23	7.09
22	8.74	8.57	8.39	8.22	8.05	7.89	7.71	7.55	7.40	7.24	7.10	6.94
23	8.59	8.40	8.23	8.05	7.89	7.73	7.57	7.42	7.26	7.11	6.96	6.81
24	8.42	8.25	8.07	7.90	7.75	7.59	7.43	7.27	7.13	6.98	6.83	6.70
25	8.26	8.09	7.91	7.76	7.60	7.44	7.29	7.14	7.00	6.86	6.71	6.57
26	8.10	7.93	7.77	7.62	7.45	7.30	7.16	7.02	6.87	6.73	6.59	6.45
27	7.95	7.79	7.63	7.47	7.33	7.17	7.03	6.89	6.74	6.60	6.47	6.34
28	7.80	7.65	7.49	7.34	7.19	7.04	6.90	6.76	6.63	6.49	6.36	6.23
29	7.66	7.52	7.36	7.22	7.06	6.92	6.77	6.64	6.50	6.37	6.24	6.12
30	7.53	7.37	7.23	7.09	6.94	6.80	6.66	6.53	6.39	6.26	6.14	6.02
31	7.40	7.24	7.10	6.96	6.82	6.67	6.54	6.42	6.29	6.16	6.03	5.92
32	7.27	7.12	6.97	6.83	6.70	6.56	6.43	6.30	6.17	6.04	5.99	5.81
33	7.14	7.00	6.86	6.72	6.59	6.45	6.32	6.19	6.07	5.94	5.83	5.71
34	7.02	6.89	6.74	6.60	6.47	6.34	6.22	6.09	5.97	5.84	5.73	5.62
35	6.90	6.76	6.63	6.50	6.36	6.23	6.12	5.99	5.86	5.74	5.63	5.52
36	6.78	6.64	6.52	6.37	6.24	6.13	6.00	5.87	5.76	5.64	5.53	5.42
37	6.65	6.53	6.39	6.26	6.14	6.01	5.89	5.77	5.66	5.54	5.43	5.33
38	6.54	6.40	6.27	6.16	6.03	5.90	5.79	5.67	5.56	5.44	5.34	5.24
39	6.42	6.29	6.17	6.04	5.92	5.80	5.69	5.57	5.45	5.35	5.26	5.14
40	6.30	6.19	6.06	5.93	5.82	5.70	5.59	5.47	5.37	5.27	5.16	5.06

Table 2. Percent solubility of oxygen equivalent to 1.2 ppm
Temp. °C	Chlorinity ‰ Salinity (‰)
Temp. °C	0 (0)	2 (3.6)	4 (7.2)	6 (10.8)	8 (14.5)	10 (18.1)	12 (21.7)	14 (25.3)	16 (28.9)	18 (32.5)	20 (36)	22 (39.6)	24 (43.4)
20	13.1	13.4	13.7	14.0	14.3	14.6	14.9	15.2	15.6	15.9	16.2	16.6	16.9
25	14.8	15.1	15.4	15.7	16.1	16.4	16.7	17.1	17.4	17.8	18.2	18.5	18.6
30	15.9	16.2	16.4	16.9	17.2	17.6	18.0	18.3	18.7	19.1	19.5	19.9	20.3
35	17.3	17.7	18.1	18.4	18.8	19.2	19.6	20.0	20.4	20.8	21.3	21.7	22.2
40	19.0	19.4	19.8	20.2	20.6	21.0	21.4	21.9	22.3	22.7	23.2	23.7	24.1

Table 3. Percent solubility of oxygen equivalent to 2.0 ppm
Temp. °C	Chlorinity ‰ Salinity (‰)
Temp. °C	0 (0)	2 (3.6)	4 (7.2)	6 (10.8)	8 (14.5)	10 (18.1)	12 (21.7)	14 (25.3)	16 (28.9)	18 (32.5)	20 (36)	22 (39.6)	24 (43.4)
20	21.8	22.4	22.8	23.3	23.8	24.3	24.8	25.4	25.9	26.5	27.1	27.6	28.2
25	24.1	24.7	25.2	25.7	26.2	26.7	27.3	27.9	28.5	29.0	29.7	30.3	40.0
30	26.5	27.1	27.6	28.1	28.7	29.3	30.0	30.5	31.2	31.9	32.5	33.2	33.9
35	28.9	29.5	30.1	30.7	31.4	32.0	32.6	33.3	34.0	34.7	35.4	36.2	36.9
40	31.7	32.2	32.9	33.6	34.3	35.0	35.7	36.4	37.1	37.8	38.7	39.5	40.5

Table 4. Percent solubility of oxygen equivalent to 3.0 ppm
Temp. °C	Chlorinity ‰ Salinity (‰)
Temp. °C	0 (0)	2 (3.6)	4 (7.2)	6 (10.8)	8 (14.5)	10 (18.1)	12 (21.7)	14 (25.3)	16 (28.9)	18 (32.5)	20 (36)	22 (39.6)	24 (43.4)
20	32.7	33.5	34.2	34.9	35.7	36.4	37.2	38.0	38.8	39.7	40.5	41.4	42.2
25	36.8	37.7	38.4	39.2	40.0	40.9	41.7	42.6	43.5	44.4	45.3	46.2	47.2
30	39.7	40.5	41.3	42.1	43.0	43.9	44.8	45.7	46.8	47.7	48.6	49.6	50.7
35	43.3	44.2	45.0	45.9	47.0	47.9	48.8	50.0	50.9	52.0	53.0	54.1	55.3
40	47.4	48.3	49.3	50.4	51.4	52.4	53.5	54.6	55.6	56.6	57.9	59.0	60.2

Table 5. Species of trees resistant to marine borers
(From: Fougerousse, 1971)
Species	Area	Teredinidae	Pholadidae	Isopoda	Amphipoda
Acacia nigrescens	Africa	M	S	R	R
Afzelia guanzensis		M	M	M	M
Amblygonocarpus obtusangulas		R	R	R	R
Androstachys johnsonii	Africa	R	R	R	R
Antidesma pulvinatum		R	M
Antidesma slatyphyllum
Artocarpus lanceafolia
Autranella congolensis		R			M
Baikiaea sp.	Africa	R	R	R	R
Baillanella toxisperma	Africa	R			R
Bagassa guianensis	America
Borassus aethiopium	Africa
Brachylaena hutchinsii	Africa	VR	S	R	R
Burkea africana	Africa	M	S	R	R
Callitris glauca	Australia	R	R	R	R
Carapa guianensis	America
Carinaria pyriformis
Caryocar villosum	America
Cassipourea melosana		R	S	S	M
Chlorophora excelsa		R	M	M	M
Cinnamomum cecicodaphna	Asia	R	R	R	R
Clea hochstetteri		M	R	M	R
Coula edulis		R			R
Cylicodiscus gabonensis	Africa	R	R	R	R
Dalbergia retusa
Dialium aubrevillei	Africa	R
Dialium dinklagei	Africa	VR	R	R	R
Dialium englerianum	Africa
Dialium fleuryi	Africa	R
Dialium holtzii		R	R	R	R
Dialium guineense	Africa	R
Dialium pachyphyllum		VR			VR
Dicorynia guainensis (Angelique)	America	R	M		R
Dicorynia ingens	America
Dicorynia paraensis
Erytheophloeum guineense	Africa	VR	M	R	M
Eschweilera longipes	America
Eschweilera sagotiana	America
Eschweilera subglandosa
Eschweilera odora	America
Eucalyptus marginata	Australia
Eusideroxylon zwageri (Ironwood)	SE Asia	R
Gleuma ivorensis	Africa
Heritiera minor	Asia	R	R	R	R
Intsia palembanica
Juniperus procera		R	S	S	R
Lecythis paraensis
Letestua durissima		R			R
Lophira alata	Africa	R	R	R	R
Licania densiflora
Licania macrophylla	America
Licaria manhuba	America
Manilkara outugi		VR	VR	R	R
Manilkara propinqua		VR	VR	R	R
Manilkara sansibarensis		VR	VR	R	R
Markhami sessili	Africa
Marquesia macroura	Africa
Metrosideros petiolata
Metrosideros vera	SE Asia	R
Mezilaurus itauba	America
Mimusops usumbarensis		M	M	S	R
Mimusops fructicosa		M	M	S	R
Nauclea diderichii	Africa	R	R	R	R
Nauclea trillesii	Africa	R			R
Octea rodiaei (greenheart)	America	R	M		R
Ocotea rubra	America
Ongokea gore	Africa	R	R	R	R
Parinari campestris
Parinari excelsa	Africa
Parinari holstii		VR	VR	M	M
Parinari kerstingii	Africa	R
Parinari rodolphi	America
Parinari tenuifolium	Africa
Parinarium oblongifolium
Pentaclertha macrophylla	Africa
Pouteria canpechiana
Prosopis africana	Africa
Pterocarpus erinaceus	Africa
Pterocarpus soyauxii		VR			VR
Scorodocarpus borneensis		R	R	R	R
Shorea laevifolia	SE Asia	R
Sloetra elongata
Syncarpia sp.	Australia
Tabebuia guayacan	America
Tectona grandis (teak)	SE Asia	M	S	M	S
Terminalia prunoides	Africa	R	R	R	R
Tetrameles nudiflora		R	M
Tieghemella africana		R	R	R	R
Tieghemella heckelii	Africa	R	R	R	R
Trachylobium verrucossum		M	M	M	R
Vitex pinnata
Viticipremna novae
Vouacapoua americana
Xylia dolabriformis	SE Asia	R	R	R	R

VR - Very resistant
R - Resistant
M - Medium resistant
S - Slightly resistant

Table 6. Nutrient composition of manures
(percent)
Manure	N	P	NP ratio
Chicken*	1.15	0.4	2.9:1
Chicken**	1.6	0.66	2.4:1
Duck**	1.0	0.61	1.6:1
Goose**	0.6	0.22	2.7:1
Pig**	0.5	0.18	2.8:1
Pig*	0.5	15.0	1:30
Cattle*	0.5	0.07	7:1
Cattle***
Feces	-	0.07	-
Urine	1.0	0.22	4.5:1
Horse***
Feces	0.6	0.13	4.6:1
Urine	1.4	0.09	15.5:1
Water buffalo***
Feces	0.3	0.13	2.3:1
Urine	1.0	.07	14.3:1
Goat***
Feces	0.6	.07	9.6:1
Urine	1.3	0.79	1.6:1
Paddy straw***	1	0.22	4.5:1
Indonesian guano***	1–10	0.4–6.6	2.5:1

* Anonymous, 1976 The Philippines recommends for bangus 1976. PhilippineCouncil for Agricultural Research: iv + 41

** Woynarovich, 1976 E., The feasibility of combining animal husbandry withfish farming with special reference to duck and pigproduction. FAO Aquacult. Conf. FIR:AQ/Conf./76/R.6: 11p.

*** Tohir, K.A., Pedoman bartjotjok tanam (Indonesian)

Table 7. Elements present in seawater¹
Element	Milligrams per kilogram (parts per million)	Milligrams per liter
Chlorine	18 980	19 441
Sodium	10 561	10 812
Magnesium	1 272	1 302
Sulfur	884	905
Calcium	400	410
Potassium	380	389
Bromine	65	66
Carbon	28	28.1
Strontium	13	13.1
Boron	4.6	4.6
Silicon	0.02–4.0
Flurine	1.4
Nitrogen (compound)	0.01–0.7
Aluminum	0.5
Rubidium	0.2
Lithium	0.1
Phosphorous	0.001–0.10
Barium	0.05
Iodine	0.05
Arsenic	0.01–0.22
Iron	0.002–0.02
Manganese	0.001–0.01
Copper	0.001–0.01
Zinc	0.005
Lead	0.005
Selenium	0.004
Cesium	0.002
Uranium	0.0015
Molybdenum	0.0005
Thorium	0.0005
Cerium	0.0004
Silver	0.0003
Vanadium	0.0003
Lanthanum	0.0003
Yttrium	0.0003
Nickel	0.0001
Scandium	0.00004
Mercury	0.00003
Gold	0.000006
Radium	0.2–0.3 × 10^-10
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Tin

¹ After Sverdrup et al., 1942

Table 8a. Conversion table for centimeters into inches
(1 cm. = 0.3937 in.)
cm.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	in.	0.394	0.787	1.181	1.575	1.969	2.362	2.756	3.150	3.543
10	3.937	4.331	4.724	5.118	5.512	5.906	6.299	6.693	7.087	7.480
20	7.874	8.268	8.661	9.055	9.449	9.843	10.236	10.630	11.024	11.417
30	11.811	12.205	12.598	12.992	13.386	13.780	14.173	14.567	14.961	15.354
40	15.748	16.142	16.535	16.929	17.323	17.717	18.110	18.504	18.898	19.291
50	19.685	20.079	20.472	20.866	21.260	21.654	22.047	22.441	22.835	23.228
60	23.622	24.016	24.409	24.803	25.197	25.591	25.984	26.378	26.772	27.165
70	27.559	27.953	28.346	28.740	29.134	29.528	29.921	30.315	30.709	31.102
80	31.496	31.890	32.283	32.677	33.071	33.465	33.858	34.252	34.646	35.039
90	35.433	35.827	36.220	36.614	37.008	37.402	37.795	38.189	38.583	38.976

Table 8b. Conversion table for inches into centimeters
(1 in. = 2.539977 cm.)
in.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	cm.	2.54	5.08	7.62	10.16	12.70	15.24	17.78	20.32	22.86
10	25.40	27.94	30.48	33.02	35.56	38.10	40.64	43.18	45.72	48.26
20	50.80	53.34	55.88	58.42	60.96	63.50	66.04	68.58	71.12	73.66
30	76.20	78.74	81.28	83.82	86.36	88.90	91.44	93.98	96.52	99.06
40	101.60	104.14	106.68	109.22	111.76	114.30	116.84	119.38	121.92	124.46
50	127.00	129.54	132.08	134.62	137.16	139.70	142.24	144.78	147.32	149.86
60	152.40	154.94	157.48	160.02	162.56	165.10	167.64	170.18	172.72	175.26
70	177.80	180.34	182.88	185.42	187.96	190.50	193.04	195.58	198.12	200.66
80	203.20	205.74	208.28	210.82	213.36	215.90	218.44	220.98	223.52	226.06
90	228.60	231.14	233.68	236.22	238.76	241.30	243.84	246.38	248.92	251.46

Other linear conversions
1 millimeter (mm.) = 0.1 cm.	1 inch (in.) = 1/12; ft.
1 centimeter (cm.) = 10 mm.	1 foot (ft.) = 12 in.

Table 9a. Conversion table for meters into feet
(1 m. = 3.2808 ft.)
m	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	feet	3.28	6.56	9.84	13.12	16.40	19.68	22.97	26.25	29.53
10	32.81	36.09	39.37	42.65	45.93	49.21	52.49	55.77	59.05	62.34
20	65.62	68.90	72.18	75.46	78.74	82.02	85.30	88.58	91.86	95.14
30	98.42	101.70	104.99	108.27	111.55	114.83	118.11	121.39	124.67	127.95
40	131.23	134.51	137.79	141.07	144.36	147.64	150.92	154.20	157.48	160.76
50	164.04	167.32	170.60	173.88	177.16	180.44	183.72	187.01	190.29	193.57
60	196.85	200.13	203.41	206.69	209.97	213.25	216.53	219.81	223.09	226.38
70	229.66	232.94	236.22	239.50	242.78	246.06	249.34	252.62	255.90	259.18
80	262.46	265.74	269.02	272.31	275.59	278.87	282.15	285.43	288.71	291.99
90	295.27	298.55	301.83	305.11	308.40	311.68	314.96	318.24	321.52	324.80

Table 9b. Conversion table for feet into meters
(1 ft. = 0.3048 m.)
feet	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	m	0.305	0.610	0.914	1.219	1.524	1.829	2.134	2.438	2.743
10	3.048	3.353	3.658	3.962	4.267	4.572	4.877	5.182	5.486	5.791
20	6.096	6.401	6.706	7.010	7.315	7.620	7.925	8.230	8.534	8.839
30	9.144	9.449	9.754	10.058	10.363	10.668	10.973	11.278	11.582	11.887
40	12.192	12.497	12.802	13.106	13.411	13.716	14.021	14.326	14.630	14.935
50	15.240	15.545	15.850	16.154	16.459	16.764	17.069	17.374	17.678	17.983
60	18.288	18.593	18.898	19.202	19.507	19.812	20.117	20.422	20.726	21.031
70	21.336	21.641	21.946	22.250	22.555	22.860	23.165	23.470	23.774	24.079
80	24.384	24.689	24.994	25.298	25.603	25.908	26.213	26.518	26.822	27.127
90	27.432	27.737	28.042	28.346	28.651	28.956	29.261	29.566	29.870	30.175

Other linear conversions
1 meter (m.) = 100 cm.	1 yard (yd.) = 3 ft.
1 m. = 1.0936 yd.	1 yd. = 0.9144 m.
1 km. = 0.62137 mile	1 mile = 1.60934 km.
1 kilometer (km.) = 1000 m.	1 mile = 1760 yd.

Table 10a. Conversion table for hectares into acres
(1 ha. = 2.47109 acres)
ha.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	acres	2.47	4.94	7.41	9.88	12.36	14.83	17.30	19.77	22.24
10	24.71	27.18	29.65	32.12	34.60	37.07	39.54	42.01	44.48	46.95
20	49.42	51.89	54.36	56.84	59.31	61.78	64.25	66.72	69.19	71.66
30	74.13	76.60	79.07	81.55	84.02	86.49	88.96	91.43	93.90	96.37
40	98.84	101.31	103.79	106.26	108.73	111.20	113.67	116.14	118.61	121.08
50	123.55	126.03	128.50	130.97	133.44	135.91	138.38	140.85	143.32	145.79
60	148.27	150.74	153.21	155.68	158.15	160.62	163.09	165.56	168.03	170.51
70	172.98	175.45	177.92	180.39	182.86	185.33	187.80	190.27	192.75	195.22
80	197.69	200.16	202.63	205.10	207.57	210.04	212.51	214.98	217.46	219.93
90	222.40	224.87	227.34	229.81	232.28	234.75	237.22	239.70	242.17	244.64

Area conversions
Metric system	British system
1 square meter (m²) = 10000 cm²	1 square foot = 144 square inches
	(sq.ft.)	(sq. in.)
1 are = 100 m²	1 square rod = 272.25 square feet
		(sq.ft.)
1 hectare (ha.) = 10000 m²	1 acre = 43560 square feet
1 square kilometer (km²) = 100 ha.	1 square mile = 640 acres
	(sq.mi.)

Table 10b. Conversion table for acres into hectares
(1 acre = 0.40468 ha.)
acres	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	ha.	0.405	0.809	1.214	1.619	2.023	2.428	2.839	3.237	3.642
10	4.047	4.451	4.856	5.261	5.666	6.070	6.475	6.880	7.284	7.689
20	8.094	8.498	8.903	9.308	9.712	10.117	10.522	10.926	11.331	11.736
30	12.140	12.545	12.950	13.354	13.759	14.164	14.568	14.973	15.378	15.783
40	16.187	16.592	16.997	17.401	17.806	18.211	18.615	19.020	19.425	19.829
50	20.234	20.639	21.043	21.448	21.853	22.257	22.662	23.067	23.471	23.876
60	24.281	24.685	25.090	25.495	25.900	26.304	26.709	27.114	27.518	27.923
70	28.328	28.732	29.137	29.542	29.946	30.351	30.756	31.160	31.565	31.970
80	32.374	32.779	33.184	33.588	33.993	34.398	34.802	35.207	35.612	36.017
90	36.421	36.826	37.231	37.635	38.040	38.445	38.849	39.254	39.659	40.063

Other area conversions
1 cm²	0.155 sq. in.	1 sq. in.	= 6.452 cm²
1 m²	10.764 sq. ft.	1 sq. ft.	= 0.0929 m²
1 m²	1.9599 sq. yd.	1 sq. yd.	= 0.8361 m²
1 km²	247.109 acres	1 sq. mi.	= 2.5899 km²
=	0.3861 sq. mi.		= 259 ha.

Table 11a. Conversion table for liters into Imperial
(British) gallons 1 l. = 0.219975 Imp. gal.
liters	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	gal.	0.220	0.440	0.660	0.880	1.100	1.320	1.540	1.760	1.980
10	2.200	2.420	2.640	2.860	3.080	3.300	3.520	3.740	3.960	4.180
20	4.400	4.620	4.840	5.060	5.280	5.550	5.719	5.939	6.159	6.379
30	6.599	6.819	7.039	7.259	7.479	7.699	7.919	8.139	8.359	8.579
40	8.799	9.019	9.239	9.459	9.679	9.899	10.119	10.339	10.559	10.779
50	10.999	11.219	11.439	11.659	11.879	12.099	12.319	12.539	12.759	12.979
60	13.199	13.419	13.639	13.859	14.079	14.299	14.519	14.739	14.959	15.179
70	15.399	15.619	15.839	16.059	16.279	16.499	16.718	16.938	17.158	17.378
80	17.598	17.818	18.038	18.258	18.478	18.698	18.918	19.138	19.358	19.578
90	19.798	20.018	20.238	24.458	20.678	20.898	21.118	21.338	21.558	21.778

Volume conversions
Metric system	British and US systems
1 liter (1.) = 10 cm³	1 Impterial (British) quart (qt.) =
1 hectoliter (hl.) = 100 l.	¼ gallon (gal.) = 69.36 cu. in.
1 cubic meter (m³) = 100 cm³ = 1000 l.	1 US qt. = ¼ gal. = 57.75 cu. in.
1 liter water weighs 1 kg.	1 Imp. gal. = 4 qt. = 277.42 cu. in.
	= 0.16054 cu. ft.
	1 US gal. = 4 qt. = 231 cu. in. = 0.13368 cu.ft.
	1 bushel (bu.) = 8 gal.
	1 Imperial gallon water weighs 10 lb.

Table 11b. Conversion table for Imperial gallons into liters
(Imp. gal. = 4.54596 l.)
gal.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	liters	4.55	9.09	13.64	18.18	22.73	27.28	31.82	36.37	40.91
10	45.46	50.01	54.55	59.10	63.64	68.19	72.74	77.28	81.83	86.37
20	90.92	95.47	100.01	104.56	109.10	113.65	118.19	122.74	127.29	131.83
30	136.38	140.92	145.47	150.02	154.56	159.11	163.65	168.20	172.75	177.29
40	181.84	186.38	190.93	195.48	200.02	204.57	209.11	213.66	218.21	222.75
50	227.30	231.84	236.39	240.94	245.48	250.03	254.57	259.12	263.67	268.21
60	272.76	277.30	281.85	286.40	290.94	295.49	300.03	304.58	309.13	313.67
70	318.22	322.76	327.31	331.86	336.40	340.95	345.49	350.04	354.58	359.13
80	363.68	368.22	372.77	377.31	381.86	386.41	390.95	395.50	400.04	404.59
90	409.14	413.68	418.23	422.77	427.32	431.87	436.41	440.96	445.50	450.05

Other volume conversions
1 l. = 0.0353 cu. ft. = 0.8799 Imp. qt. = 1.0567 US qt.	1 Imp. qt. = 1.136 l.
1 hl. = 22 Imp. gal. = 26.42 US gal.	1 US qt. = 0.946 l.
1 m³ = 35.315 cu. ft. = 220 Imp. gal. = 264.18 US gal.	1 cu. ft. = 0.02832 m³

Table 12a. Conversion table for kilograms into pounds
(1 kg. = 2.20463 lb.)
kg.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	lb.	2.20	4.41	6.61	8.82	11.02	13.23	15.43	17.64	19.84
10	22.05	24.25	26.46	28.66	30.86	33.07	35.27	37.48	39.68	41.89
20	44.09	46.30	48.50	50.71	52.91	55.12	57.32	59.53	61.73	63.93
30	66.14	68.34	70.55	72.75	74.96	77.16	79.37	81.57	83.78	85.98
40	88.19	90.39	92.59	94.80	97.00	99.21	101.41	103.62	105.82	108.03
50	110.23	112.44	114.64	116.85	119.05	121.25	123.46	125.66	127.87	130.07
60	132.28	134.48	136.69	138.89	141.10	143.30	145.51	147.71	149.91	152.12
70	154.32	156.53	158.73	160.94	163.14	165.35	167.55	169.76	171.96	174.17
80	176.37	178.58	180.78	182.98	185.19	187.39	189.60	191.80	194.01	196.21
90	198.42	200.62	202.83	205.03	207.24	209.44	211.64	213.85	216.05	218.26

Weight conversions
Metric system			British system
1 gram (g.)	=	0.001 kg.	1 ounce (oz.)	=	1/6 lb.
1 hectogram (hg.)	=	100 g.	1 pound (lb.)	=	16 oz.
1 kilogram (kg.)	=	1 000 g.	1 hundredweight (cwt.)	=	112 lb.
1 quintal (q.)	=	100 kg.	1 short ton (sh.t.)	=	2 000 lb.
1 ton (t.)	=	1 000 kg.	1 long ton (l.t.)	=	2 240 lb.

Table 12b. Conversion table for pounds into kilograms
(1 lb. = 0.45359 kg.)
lb.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	kg.	0.454	0.907	1.361	1.814	2.268	2.722	3.175	3.629	4.082
10	4.536	4.990	5.443	5.897	6.350	6.804	7.257	7.711	8.165	8.618
20	9.072	9.525	9.979	10.433	10.886	11.340	11.793	12.247	12.701	13.154
30	13.608	14.061	14.515	14.969	15.422	15.876	16.329	16.783	17.237	17.690
40	18.144	18.597	19.051	19.504	19.958	20.412	20.865	21.319	21.772	22.226
50	22.680	23.133	23.587	24.040	24.494	24.948	25.401	25.855	26.308	26.762
60	27.216	27.669	28.123	28.576	29.030	29.484	29.937	30.391	30.844	31.298
70	31.751	32.205	32.659	33.112	33.566	34.019	34.473	34.927	35.380	35.834
80	36.287	36.741	37.195	37.648	38.102	38.555	39.009	39.463	39.916	40.370
90	40.823	41.277	41.730	42.184	42.638	43.091	43.545	43.998	44.452	44.906

Other weight conversions
1 g. = 0.03527 oz.	1 oz. = 28.349 q.
1 hg. = 3.527 oz.	1 cwt. = 0.50802 q.
1 q. = 1.968 cwt = 0.11023 sh.t. = 0.09842 l.t.	1 sh.t. = 9.07185 q.
1 m.t. = 19.68 cwt = 1.1023 sh.t. = 0.9842 l.t.	1 l.t. = 10.16047 q.

Table 13a. Conversion table for yields per surface unit

Kilograms per hectare into pounds per acre
(1 kg./ha. = 0.89217 lb./acre)
kg./ha.	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	lb./acre	0.89	1.78	2.68	3.57	4.46	5.35	6.25	7.14	8.03
10	8.92	9.81	10.71	11.60	12.49	13.38	14.27	15.17	16.06	16.95
20	17.84	18.74	19.63	20.52	21.41	22.30	23.20	24.09	24.98	25.87
30	26.77	27.66	28.55	29.44	30.33	31.23	32.12	33.01	33.90	34.79
40	35.69	36.58	37.47	38.36	39.26	40.15	41.04	41.93	42.82	43.72

Table 13b. Conversion table for pounds per acre into
kilograms per hectare
(1 lb./acre = 1.12086 kg./ha.)
lb./acre	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0	kg./ha.	1.12	2.24	3.36	4.48	5.60	6.73	7.85	8.97	10.09
10	11.21	12.33	13.45	14.57	15.69	16.81	17.93	19.05	20.18	21.30
20	22.42	23.54	24.66	25.78	26.90	28.02	29.14	30.26	31.38	32.50
30	33.63	34.75	35.87	36.99	38.11	39.23	40.35	41.47	42.59	43.71
40	44.83	45.96	47.08	48.20	49.32	50.44	51.56	52.68	53.80	54.92

Table 14a. Degrees Centigrade into degrees Fahrenheit
(F = 1.8 C + 32)
Centigrade	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
0+	+32.0	+33.8	+35.6	+37.4	+39.2	+41.0	+42.8	+44.6	+46.4	+48.2
10	50.0	51.8	53.6	55.4	57.2	59.0	60.8	62.6	64.4	66.2
20	68.0	69.8	71.6	73.4	75.2	77.0	78.8	80.6	82.4	84.2
30	86.0	87.8	89.6	91.4	93.2	95.0	96.8	98.6	100.4	102.2
40	104.0	105.8	107.6	109.4	111.2	113.0	114.8	116.6	118.4	120.2
50	122.0	123.8	125.6	127.4	129.2	131.0	132.8	134.6	136.4	138.2
60	140.0	141.8	143.6	145.4	147.2	149.0	150.8	152.6	154.4	156.2
70	158.0	159.8	161.6	163.4	165.2	167.0	168.8	170.6	172.4	174.2
80	176.0	177.8	179.6	181.4	183.2	185.0	186.8	188.6	190.4	192.2
90	194.0	195.8	197.6	199.4	201.2	203.0	204.8	206.6	208.4	210.2

Table 14b. Degrees Fahrenheit into degrees Centigrade
(C = F-32/1.8)
Fahrenheit	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
30	-1.1	-0.6	0	+0.6	+1.1	+1.7	+2.2	+2.8	+3.3	+3.9
40	4.4	5.0	5.6	6.1	6.7	7.2	7.8	8.3	8.9	9.4
50	10.0	10.6	11.1	11.7	12.2	12.8	13.3	13.9	14.4	15.0
60	15.6	16.1	16.7	17.2	17.8	18.3	18.9	19.4	20.0	20.6
70	21.1	21.7	22.2	22.8	23.3	23.9	24.4	25.0	25.6	26.1
80	26.7	27.2	27.8	28.3	28.9	29.4	30.0	30.6	31.1	31.7
90	32.2	32.8	33.3	33.9	34.4	35.0	35.6	36.1	36.7	37.2
100	37.8	38.3	38.9	39.4	40.0	40.6	41.1	41.7	42.2	42.8
110	43.3	43.9	44.4	45.0	45.6	46.1	46.7	47.2	47.8	48.3
120	48.9	49.4	50.0	50.6	51.1	51.7	52.2	52.8	53.3	53.9
130	54.4	55.0	55.6	56.1	56.7	57.2	57.8	58.3	58.9	59.4
140	60.0	60.6	61.1	61.7	62.2	62.8	63.3	63.9	64.4	65.0
150	65.6	66.1	66.7	67.2	67.8	68.3	68.9	69.4	70.0	70.6
160	71.1	71.7	72.2	72.8	73.3	73.9	74.4	75.0	75.6	76.1
170	76.7	77.2	77.8	78.3	78.9	79.4	80.0	80.6	81.1	81.7
180	82.2	82.8	83.3	83.9	84.4	85.0	85.6	86.1	86.7	87.2
190	87.8	88.3	88.9	89.4	90.0	90.6	91.1	91.7	92.2	92.8
200	93.3	93.9	94.4	95.0	95.6	96.1	96.7	97.2	97.8	98.3
210	98.9	99.4	100.0

Table 15. Miscellaneous conversion factors
Weight per length
1 kg./cm.	= 5.59973 lb./in.	1 lb./in.	= 0.17858 kg./cm.
1 kg./m.	= 0.67197 lb./ft.	1 lb./ft.	= 1.48817 kg./m.
Weight per area (pressure)
1 kg./cm²	= 14.22329 lb./sq.in.	1 lb./sq.in.	= 0.07037 kg./cm²
1 normal atmosphere	= 1.03323 kg./cm²
	= 14.696 lb./sq.m.
1 kg./m²	= 0.20482 lb./sq.ft.	1 lb./sq.ft.	= 4.88244 kg./m²
Weight per volume (specific weight)
1 kg./cm³	= 36.12710 lb./cu.in.	1 lb./cu.in.	= 0.02768 kg./cm²
1 kg./m³	= 0.06243 lb./cu.ft.	1 lb./cu.ft.	= 16.01855 kg./m²
Speed
1 m./sec.		= 196.851 ft./min.	1 statute mile/hr.	= 0.44703 m./sec.
Rates of flow
1 l./sec.	= 3.6 m³/hr.	1 cusec	= 375 Imp. gal./minute
			= 448.8 US gal./minute
1 l./sec.	= 0.0353 cu.ft./sec. (cusec)		= 28.32 l./sec.
	= 2.118 cu.ft./min.	1 cu.ft./min.	= 0.472 l./sec.
	= 13.205 Imp. gal./min.	1 Imp. gal./min.	= 0.0755 l./sec.
	= 15.853 US gal./min.	1 US gal./min.	= 0.0631 l./sec.
1 m³/hr.	= 0.5886 cu.ft./min.	1 cu.ft./min.	= 1.699 m³/hr.
	= 3.668 Imp. gal./min.	1 Imp. gal./min.	= 0.272 m³/hr.
	= 4.403 US gal./min.	1 US gal./min.	= 0.227 m³/hr.
Power
1 kilogrammeter (kgm.)	= 7.23302 ft.lb.	1 footpound (ft.lb.)	= 0.13825 kgm.
1 metric horsepower (m.h.p.)	= 0.98632	1 British horsepower (B.h.p.)	= 1.01387
B.h.p.		m.h.p
1 m.h.p.	= 0.73528 kw.	1 B.h.p.	= 0.745 kw.
	= 75 kgm./sec.		=76.04 kgm./sec.
	= 542.48 ft.lb./sec.		= 550 ft.lb./sec.
1 kilowatt (kw.)	= 1.35003 m.h.p.	1 kilowatt	= 1.34143 b.h.p.
	= 102.002 kgm./sec.	1 kw.	= 737.783 ft.lb./sec.

DOSAGE CALCULATIONS
1 part per million (ppm) =	1 gram in 1 000 liters
=	1 gram in cubic meter
=	1 mg in 1 liter
1 part per billion (ppb) =	1 ug in 1 liter
=	1 mg in cubic meter
OTHERS
1 rai (area measure used in Thailand)	= 1600 m²
	= 0.16 ha
	= 0.395 acre
1 kati (catty) = 0.61 kg

Table 16. Stocking rates of postlarvae (in thousands) needed to obtain
various yields at different size at harvest, assuming no mortality
Size at harvest (No./kg)	E X P E C T E D Y I E L D (kg/ha)
Size at harvest (No./kg)	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	550	600
10	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	6.0
15	1.5	2.75	3.0	3.75	4.5	5.25	6.0	6.75	7.5	8.25	9.0
20	2.0	3.0	4.0	5.0	6.0	7.0	8.0	9.0	10.0	11.0	12.0
25	2.5	3.75	5.0	6.25	7.5	8.75	10.0	11.25	12.5	13.75	15.0
30	3.0	4.5	6.0	7.5	9.0	10.5	12.0	13.5	15.0	16.5	18.0
35	3.5	5.25	7.0	8.75	10.5	12.25	14.0	15.75	17.5	19.25	21.0
40	4.0	6.0	8.0	10.0	12.0	14.0	16.0	18.0	20.0	22.0	24.0
45	4.5	6.75	9.0	11.25	13.5	15.75	18.0	20.25	22.5	24.75	27.0
50	5.0	7.5	10.0	12.5	15.0	17.5	20.0	22.5	25.0	27.5	30.0
55	5.5	8.25	11.0	13.75	16.5	19.25	22.0	25.75	27.5	30.25	33.0
60	6.0	9.0	12.0	15.0	18.0	21.0	24.0	27.0	30.0	33.0	36.0
65	6.5	9.75	13.0	16.25	19.5	22.75	26.0	29.25	32.5	35.75	39.0
70	7.0	10.5	14.0	17.5	21.0	24.5	28.0	31.5	35.0	38.5	42.0
75	7.5	11.25	15.0	18.75	22.5	26.25	30.0	34.75	37.5	41.25	45.0
80	8.0	12.0	16.0	20.0	24.0	28.0	32.0	36.0	40.0	44.0	48.0
85	8.5	12.75	17.0	21.25	25.5	29.75	34.0	38.25	42.5	46.75	51.0
90	9.0	13.50	18.0	22.50	27.0	31.50	36.0	40.50	45.0	49.50	54.0
95	9.5	14.25	19.0	23.75	28.5	33.25	38.0	42.75	47.5	52.25	57.0
100	10.0	15.0	20.0	25.0	30.0	35.0	40.0	45.0	50.0	55.0	60.0
110	11.0	16.5	22.0	27.5	33.0	38.5	44.0	49.5	55.0	60.5	66.0

Table 17. Lengths, weights and number per kg for brown shrimp
(P. aztecus)
Total length (mm)	Weight of whole shrimp (g)	Weight of tail (g)	Number of tails		Number of whole shrimp
Total length (mm)	Weight of whole shrimp (g)	Weight of tail (g)	per (kg)	per (lb)	per (kg)	per (lb)
50	1.03	0.64	1 563	709	970	440
55	1.37	0.85	1 176	534	730	331
60	1.76	1.09	917	416	568	258
65	2.23	1.38	725	329	448	203
70	2.77	1.72	581	264	361	164
75	3.40	2.11	474	215	294	133
80	4.10	2.54	394	179	244	111
85	4.90	3.04	329	149	204	93
90	5.80	3.60	278	127	172	78
95	6.80	4.22	237	107	147	67
100	7.91	4.90	204	93	127	57
105	9.12	5.65	177	80	110	50
110	10.46	6.49	154	70	96	43
115	11.92	7.39	135	61	84	38
120	13.51	8.38	119	54	74	34
125	15.23	9.44	106	48	66	30
130	17.09	10.60	94	43	58	27
135	19.10	11.84	84	38	53	24
140	21.25	13.18	76	34	47	21
145	23.56	14.61	68	31	42	19
150	26.02	16.13	62	28	38	17
155	28.65	17.76	56	26	35	16
160	31.46	19.51	51	23	32	14
165	34.43	21.35	47	21	29	13
170	37.59	23.31	43	19	27	12
175	40.93	25.38	39	18	24	11
180	44.46	27.57	36	16	22	10
185	48.19	29.88	33	15	21	9
190	52.12	32.31	31	14	19	9
195	56.25	34.88	29	13	18	8
200	60.59	37.57	27	12	17	7
205	65.15	40.39	25	11	15	7
210	69.93	43.36	23	10	14	6
215	74.94	46.46	22	10	13	6
220	80.17	49.71	20	9	12	6
225	85.65	53.10	19	9	12	5
230	91.36	56.64	18	8	11	5

The above table was modified from one provided by R. Neal (personal communcation). It should be used only for a generalized comparison with other shrimp as the relationships may vary between species. However, the data for total weight-total length is in general agreement with that presented for P. monodon by Villaluz et al., 1970.