| Development of Coastal Aquaculture Phase II | KEN/80/018 |
by
J.F. Le Bitoux
(FAO Consultant)
FAO, Fisheries Department, Rome
January 1985
Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.
This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.
1 ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION RESULTS
1.0 Terms of reference
1.1 The Ngomeni technology
1.1.1 Present site selection
1.1.2 Ponds and soil
1.1.3 Facilities and equipment
1.1.4 Personnel
1.1.5 Shrimp culture procedures
1.1.6 Water management
1.1.7 Data collected
1.2.1.1 Total production
1.2.1.2 Growth curves
1.2.1.3 Density and survival
1.2.1.4 Main conclusion
1.3 Interpretation and discussion
1.3.1 General technology
1.3.2 Site selection
1.3.3 Engineering aspects
1.3.4 Production results
1.3.5 Farming procedures
1.3.6 Personnel
2 PROPOSALS FOR P. INDICUS FARMING
2.0 Terms of reference
2.1 Definition of general procedure
2.1.1 Improvement of engineering
2.1.2 General administration and management
2.2.1 Lablab preparation
2.2.2 Fry collection
2.2.3 Stocking density
2.2.4 Grow-out period
2.2.5 Fertilizers
2.2.6 Transfer
2.2.7 Harvesting and commercialisation
2.2.8 Data monitoring
2.2.9 Hatchery
3 PROPOSALS FOR P. MONODON FARMING
3.0 Terms of reference
3.1 Engineering
3.2 Farming procedures
3.3 Conclusion
4.0 Terms of reference
4.1 The shrimp market and commercialisation
4.2 Economic approach to production
4.3 Data to be recorded for economic and investment
appraisals
4.4 Conclusion
5.1 Soil survey
5.2 Competition
5.3 Investors position
5.4 Conclusion
7.1 Site selection
7.2 Engineering
7.3 Reorganization of the management
7.4 Fry collection
7.5 Pond preparation
7.6 Fertilization programme
7.7 Sampling
7.8 Marketing
7.9 P. monodon
7.10 Feed formula and hatchery
Schedule of work
List of persons met
Plan of Ngomeni aquafarm
Personnel attached to the project
Table 1 production results
Table 2 average production by pond
Table 3 growth curves
Present project forms
Proposal for P. monodon culture
Proposals for improvement of the gates
Farming procedure no.1: Dr. Padlan's recommendation
Farming procedure no.2: counting procedure A
Farming procedure no.3: counting procedure B
Farming procedure no.4: sampling methodology
Daily operation data and proposed forms
14.3.1985
discette schutt
The report analyses the production results from the shrimp aquafarm obtained over the period August 1981–November 1984, and concludes that it is possible to grow the hardy species P. indicus using unsophisticated culture techniques, without the use of fertilizers, simply by stimulating the growth of lablab in the tidal ponds. However, production rates were very variable and were apparently more dependent upon the soil substrate and available food supplies than upon water management techniques, water fertilization or stocking densities so far employed.
The economic operation of such simple culture methods has however not yet been accurately determined, and the alternative use of the relatively few suitable pond areas along the Kenya coast, for salt production rather than shrimp production, is currently much more profitable.
However, given the recently declining marine catches of local shrimp, and the strengthening demand for regular supplies of quality shrimp (on both the internal and external markets) future research and development in coastal aquaculture should be directed toward the production of a higher value product (P. monodon) using semi-intensive technology on a commercial scale, including hatchery production of the fry, supplementary feeding programmes, tidal water exchange supplemented by pumping, careful processing and quality control procedures.
The ongoing Phase II of the project should concentrate on the improvement of various technical and managerial aspects of its operation, in preparation for a Phase III programme of experiments to determine the technology and economics of P. monodon culture, in order to satisfy the needs of private investors who have already shown general interest in shrimp culture in Kenya.
The consultant stayed in Kenya from 5 November to 13 December 1984. He spent most of his time in Malindi and in Ngomeni, gathering and putting into form the data collected during the three years of production by the aquafarm. He held discussions with officials from the Department of Fisheries, with investors interested in shrimp farming and reported his findings to UNDP and FAO representatives.
The terms of reference were to analyse the data available, to define fish farming practices and records necessary for economic analysis, and to propose a detailed work plan for P. indicus and P. monodon rearing.
The consultant already had a certain knowledge of the situation of Ngomeni aquafarm having taken part in an Evaluation Reconnaissance Mission 1 from 4 to 14 April 1984. This report will make use of some of the data presented earlier but the reader should refer to the full Evaluation Mission Report for additional comments, such as the situation of shrimp farming in the world.
In addition to the terms of reference, the consultant was asked to act as Project Manager during the leave of the Resident Project Manager. He was also asked to help a mission to do a limited survey of the coasts of Kenya in order to determine the exact extent of sites available for aquaculture.
During the visit of the consultant, a mission from the Tourism and Wildlife Ministry evaluated the project from a accountancy and administrative point of view. It has been an occasion to review thoroughly the project management and realizations.
This report presents the findings on the different questions.