ANNEX I
TERMS OF REFERENCE

CONSULTANCY ON AQUACULTURE SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS, ZAMBIA

1. Review previous introduction of aquatic organisms in Zambia;

2. Confirm the FAO data on introduction and native species within Zambia;

3. Review the compliance with established guidelines (EIFAC/ICES) on introduction of aquatic animals;

4. Interview selected officers, farmers and interested organizations of desired species for introduction, and on legal and logistic policies on introduction;

5. Review any existing lists of species intended for introduction collected in the interviews mentioned above: these reviews should include data on locations where specific species have been introduced and a description of the effects of the introduction; the reviews will also discuss the aquaculture potential (including advantages and disadvantages of species intended for introduction);

6. Recommend a plan of action which may include hiring other specialists, development of small projects, development of FAO Technical Cooperation Projects, or other activities as deemed necessary.

Timing: 10 September - 3 October 1992

Mission Members:

Prof. Dirk F. Thys van den Audenaerde, Consultant, ALCOM
Mr Charles Maguswi, Chief Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries, Zambia
Mr Boyd A. Haight, Senior Aquaculturist, ALCOM, Harare
Mr Andreas Jensen, Aquaculturist (APO), ALCOM, Mansa

ANNEX II
ITINERARY

ANNEX III
PERSONS MET

• Mr H.G Mudenda, Director, Fisheries Department, Zambia, Chilanga
• Mr A.G Kanondo, Chief Fisheries Officer, Fisheries Department, Chilanga
• Mr Katunda, Senior Fisheries Research Officer, Fisheries Department, Chilanga
• Mr R. Mubamba, Chief Fisheries Officer, Fisheries. Department, Chilanga
• Mr C. Maguswi, Fisheries Officer, Chilanga
• Mr Mumba, Chief Fish Culturist, Fisheries Department, Chilanga
• Mr V. Mulenga, Fish Culturist, Fisheries Department, Chilanga
• Mr C. J. Grubb, crayfish farmer, Livingstone
• Mr I. Chishiba, Makambala Fish Farm, Mazabuka
• Mr G. Mweembe, Makambala Fish Farm, Mazabuka
• Mr Erkki Schwanck, Biologist, Chilanga
• Mr Lublinkhoff, Manager, Mubuyu Farm, Mubuyu, Zambia
• Mr F. Flynn, Manager, Kafue Fisheries Ltd, Kafue, Zambia
• Mr K.P. Banda, Aquaculturist, Mwekera station, Kitwe, Zambia
• Mr D.M. Lungu, Gen. Manager Agriculture, Nchanga Farms, Kitwe
• Mr Kumar, Aquaculturist, Nchanga Fish Farm, Kitwe
• Mr R. Chilengi, Aquaculturist, Nchanga Fish Farm, Kitwe
• Dr Katsumasa Suma, Biologist, Japan. Coop. Dev., Mwekera, Kitwe
• Mr J. Kruger, Fish farmer, Kitwe
• Mr A. Jensen, Aquaculturist (APO), ALCOM, Zambia
• Dr A. Woyranovich, NORAD Fish Culture Advisor, Kasama
• Mr H.C. Kabunda, Project Manager, Misamfu, Kasama
• Mr E. Machisa, Aquaculturist, Misamfu, Kasama
• Mr J. Mwango, Research Officer, Misamfu, Kasama
• Mr C. Ndonna, Fisheries Development Officer, Mbala, Zambia
• Mr T. Musyani, Nchanga Farm Manager, Mbala
• Mr P. Terblanche, Nchanga Farm Assistant, Man., Mbala
• Mr R. Bills, Biologist, Samaki Fisheries Ltd, Mpulungu
• Mr J.J. Nielsen, Danish Volunteer, Mbala
• Mr Crispin Sichilima, fisherman, Uningi Pans
• Mr J.C. Mutale, Department of Fisheries, Isoka, Zambia
• Mr J. Mumba, Fish Farmer, Isoka
• Mr Puchar Kabala, Muyombe, Nyika plateau
• Mr A. Andreasson, Project Manager, ALCOM, Harare
• Mr B. A. Haight, Aquaculturist, ALCOM, Harare
• Mr B. Thomsen, FAO Programme Officer, Lusaka
• Mr D. Lewis, Fisheries Research Officer, Lake Kariba, Fisheries Research Institute, Kariba, Zimbabwe
• Ms Rudo Sanyanga, Fisheries Research Officer, Lake Kariba Fisheries Research Institute, Kariba, Zimbabwe
• Mr Mike Stobart, Manager, Kariba Freshnet Fish Farm, Kariba
• Mr D. Legros, Aquaculturist, Kariba Freshnet Fish Farm, Kariba
• Mrs Nicholson, Kariba Bream Farm, Kariba
• Mr S. R. Madhu, Information Officer, ALCOM, Harare
• Ms D. Blariaux, Agronomist (APO), ALCOM, Harare
• Ms M. Maes, Fisheries Officer, ALCOM, Harare
• Prof. B. Marshall, Department of Zoology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare
• Dr H. Mikkola, FAO representative, Mozambique
• Prof. A.F. De Bont (Leuven, Belgium)(Formerly at Kipopo Fish Culture Station, Belgian Congo)

ANNEX IV
INSTITUTIONS AND FISH FARMS VISITED

In Zambia

• Fisheries Department, GRZ Chilanga
• Fish culture Station, GRZ Chilanga
• Grubb's Crayfish Farm, Livingstone
• Nakambala Sugar Estate Fish Farm, Mazabuka
• Mubuyu Farm, near Mazabuka
• Kafue Fisheries Ltd, Kafue
• Macadamia Farm, Lubanda Ltd, Kitwe
• Nchanga Fish Farm, Mulungishi Invest. Ltd, Kitwe
• Mwekera Fish Station GRZ, near Kitwe
• Mwekera Artificial Seed Production Center, Mwekera, Kitwe
• Misamfu Fish Farm, G.R.Z., Kasama
• NORAD Fish Culture Development Project for Nothern Zambia, Kasama
• Lake Chila Fish Farm, G.R.Z., Mbala
• Nchanga Farm, near Mbala
• Nzunzu Estate Fish Ponds, near Mbala
• Samaki Fisheries Ltd, Mpulungu
• Government Fish Ponds, G.R.Z., Isoka
• J. Mumba Fish Farm, Isoka
• Muyombe School Fish Ponds, Muyombe, Nyika Plateau
• Kalimba AMI Fish and Crocodile Farm, near Lusaka
• FAO Representative, Lusaka

In Zimbabwe

• Lake Kariba Fisheries Research Institute, Kariba
• Freshnet Fish Farm, Kariba
• Kariba Bream Farm, Kariba
• ALCOM, Harare

ANNEX V
PROPOSED POLICIES FOR FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT TILL 2000 A.D. AND BEYOND

Fisheries

Zambia has great potential for increasing fish production from her lakes, swamps and rivers. Significant increase in fish production from aquaculture/fish farming is also possible with improved extension methods. Increased fish production should result in improved incomes, better nutritional standards for the population and exports to earn foreign exchange. Over the past two decades, the performance of the fishing industry has been generally unsatisfactory. Although the total fish catch has increased from 47,000t of fish in 1971 to 66,000t in 1991, the per capita consumption of fish has decreased from 12kg to only 8kg. Production from fish farming increased from 692t in 1986 to 1,072t in 1988, and is currently estimated at 3,500t annually. This increase is too small compared to the potential production from fish farming in the country.

Major causes for the poor performance of the fishing industry include: inadequate knowledge of the sizes of fish resources in various water bodies, leading to overfishing in some places and under-exploitation of some fish stocks: inappropriate fishing technology; inadequate fishery management services; critical shortage of trained manpower, particularly in the area of fish stock assessment to devise appropriate fishery management strategies and to oversee fishery activities; inadequate communications infrastructure resulting in limited access to fishery areas; and poor policies for the sector.

Fishery policy should pay more attention to removing these and other constraints. The Ministry's high priority areas should therefore be as follows:-

• Specialised manpower training, particularly in the area of fish stock assessment, so as to strengthen the capacity of the Department of Fisheries to plan the management of capture fisheries in a proper and rational manner.

• Provide trained fisheries technicians to collect accurate data needed to plan development of the fishing industry and to effectively supervise fishery conservation programmes.

• Regulate the fishing pressure exerted on any given fishery in such a manner that highest ecological productivity is attained and conserved.

• Provide specialized manpower to supervise and plan the development of aquaculture in the country, including introduction of cage culture.

• Increase the supply of trained aquaculture technicians at the village level to improve extension services to fish farmers.

• Facilitate and encourage credit facilities to fishermen and fish farmers.

• Improve the supply and availability of inputs to the fishing industry and equip the Department of Fisheries adequately so that it can perform its functions and fulfil its role.

• Promote the exploitation of traditional fisheries, and encourage the harvesting of other aquatic organisms for economic purposes and introduction of territorial fishing rights.

• Fishery management strategies and plans to be based on sound ecological principles. Emphasis to be placed on fisheries and aquacultural research so that adequate information/data to plan the development of the sector is generated.

• Expansion of fish farming practices and techniques to commercial levels.

• Encourage cooperation with other countries on matters related to management and development of fisheries of transboundary water bodies.

Annex VI: Map of fishery areas and fish farms, Zambia

Annex VII: Map of distribution of tilapia nilotica
in the Kafue river, August 1992.

(based on observations by E. Schwenck)

ANNEX VIII
FISHERIES ACT, REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA

FISHERIES

CHAPTER 314 OF THE LAWS OF ZAMBIA

ANNEX IX
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Bell-Cross G. & Bell-Cross B. 1971 - Introductions of Limnothrissa miodon and Limnocaridina tanganicae from Lake Tanganyika into Lake Kariba. Fish. Res. Bull. Zambia, 5, p 207–214

De Bont A.F. 1950 - Rapport Annuel 1947–1948 de la Station de Recherches Piscicoles.
Bull. Agr. Congo Belge, XLI, N^o 2, p 473–538

de Moor I.J. & Bruton M.N.. 1988 - Atlas of alien and translocated indigenous aquatic animals in Southern Africa.
S. Afr. Nat. Sci. Progr. Rep. n^o10 – 144; 310p

FAO-ALCOM. 1992 - Aquaculture in Southern Africa : a Sketchbook, Harare; 60p

Jackson P.B.N. 1960 - On the desirability or otherwise of introducing fishes to waters that are foreign to them
The 3rd Symposium on hydrobiology and inland fisheries problems of major lakes, Lusaka, Zambia 18–24 august 1960
C.S.A. Publ. n^o 63, p 157–164

Jubb R.A. 1967 - Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa
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C.R. Symp. Lusaka, Publ. C.S.A., n^o 63, p 185–195

Thys van den Audenaerde D.E.F. 1968 - An annotated
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Devos L, Snoeks J. & Thys van der Auderaerde, D. - 1990
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Trewavas E. 1983 - Tilapiine Fishes of the genera
Sarotherotodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia
Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., London, 583p

Welcomme R.L. 1981 - Register of International transfers of inland fish species
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper n^o 213, 120p